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Articles 541 - 570 of 818
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Efficacy Of Positive Peer Reporting Procedures For Use With Neglected-Status Students In General Education Classrooms, Lisa Libster
The Efficacy Of Positive Peer Reporting Procedures For Use With Neglected-Status Students In General Education Classrooms, Lisa Libster
LSU Master's Theses
Children who are neglected or rejected by their peers may require social skill interventions in order to develop the social competencies needed to establish satisfactory interpersonal relationships. One promising social skill intervention is Positive Peer Reporting, which has been shown to produce increases in positive social interaction and peer acceptance for these groups of children. As most previous investigations were conducted in residential or special education settings, further research is needed to support the use of this intervention in general education settings. Therefore, the present study examined the efficacy of Positive Peer Reporting with two neglected-status children in general education …
Team Task Interdependence Perceptions: Toward An Integrative Model Of Teamwork, Jared Ledoux
Team Task Interdependence Perceptions: Toward An Integrative Model Of Teamwork, Jared Ledoux
LSU Master's Theses
The present study examines perceptions of task interdependence and workflow at the individual- and team-levels to evaluate the degree to which team perceptions and homogeneity of perceptions predict team communication and performance in a military combat computer simulation. Team members who perceived higher levels of task interdependence and workflow performed better at both the individual and team levels of analysis. These teams also communicated more frequently, although communication was not significantly correlated with performance. The present findings provide support for the examination of task interdependence perceptions as a means to explain team performance and communication.
Intellectual Ability In Children With Anxiety: A Replication And Exploration Of The Differences, Melissa S. Munson
Intellectual Ability In Children With Anxiety: A Replication And Exploration Of The Differences, Melissa S. Munson
LSU Master's Theses
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of anxiety on the intellectual functioning of children. Specifically, the current researchers sought to replicate previous findings that children with higher levels of anxiety have significantly lower scores on tests of intelligence. A second goal was to examine possible reasons for these deficits, including possible deficits in working memory and/or attention. Participants were divided into two groups with high and low anxiety, based on a self-report measure, though none of the children reported clinically problematic anxiety. The participants were 19 children (10 males, 9 females) who were recruited from the …
Teaching Level-1 Braille Reading Skills Within A Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm To Children With Progressive Visual Impairments, Karen Ann Toussaint
Teaching Level-1 Braille Reading Skills Within A Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm To Children With Progressive Visual Impairments, Karen Ann Toussaint
LSU Master's Theses
Degenerative visual impairments refer to conditions that result in the progressive loss of vision; several of these conditions have their onset during childhood. Nearly 3% of the school-aged population will experience vision loss that will require specialized support, yet there has been little attempt to systematically evaluate braille-instruction programs. The current study evaluated an instructive procedure for teaching early braille-reading skills with four school-aged children with degenerative visual impairments. Following a series of pretests, braille instruction involved providing a sample braille letter and teaching the selection of the corresponding printed text letter from a comparison array. Concomitant with increases in …
Affective Reactivity Of Speech Disturbances In Schizotypy, Kyle Stuart Minor
Affective Reactivity Of Speech Disturbances In Schizotypy, Kyle Stuart Minor
LSU Master's Theses
Speech disturbances (SD) are a stable, pernicious symptom of schizophrenia that increase when negative emotion and/or arousal are elicited. While considerable research has examined SD in patients with schizophrenia, much less is known about individuals at risk for the disorder, who demonstrate schizophrenia-like, or schizotypic, traits. The present study examined SD and speech reactivity to stress, termed affective reactivity (AR), produced during a laboratory procedure in separate groups of controls and individuals with psychometrically identified schizotypy. This project had two primary aims: 1) to examine SD severity across schizotypy symptoms and 2) to examine how SD varies as a function …
Gender Differences In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Comorbid Psychopathology, Julie Hess
Gender Differences In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Comorbid Psychopathology, Julie Hess
LSU Master's Theses
Abstract Children and adolescents diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) frequently exhibit symptoms that are not associated with the core features of ASD. These symptoms may meet criteria for an additional diagnosis; however, accurate assessment of comorbid psychiatric conditions in ASD has been hindered by a lack of measures designed for this specific purpose. The newly constructed assessment measure, Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbid for Children (ASD-CC) has been developed specifically for examining comorbid psychiatric disorders in ASD. Therefore, this study set out to assess differences in the endorsement rates of psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD compared to …
Factors Affecting The Efficacy Of Feedback Use During Source Monitoring, Stephanie Groft
Factors Affecting The Efficacy Of Feedback Use During Source Monitoring, Stephanie Groft
LSU Master's Theses
The current study considers how individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) affect feedback effectiveness. Participants, selected to have high and low WMC, first watched a video of a crime. Subsequently, a post-test questionnaire was administered concerning events taken from the video and additional information suggested to have occurred in the video. After a 10 minute filler task, participants were given a two-part memory test requiring them to identify the source of the information presented in the test statements. During the training portion of the test, half of the participants received feedback as to the accuracy of their source decisions. …
Autonomic Response And Behavioral Performance Of Avid Video Game Players On A Decision-Making Task, Patrick Clinton Lingenfelter
Autonomic Response And Behavioral Performance Of Avid Video Game Players On A Decision-Making Task, Patrick Clinton Lingenfelter
LSU Master's Theses
Avid video gaming is proposed as a term for individuals that play video games for prolonged periods of time. These individuals were predicted to show similar performance on a MineHunter, an analogue to the Iowa Gambling Task, comparable to the performance of pathological gamblers reported in the literature. Comparisons have been made between gamblers and video gamers based on similarities in the interaction level of the activity, as well as similarities in demographics and reported detriments in social and employment areas. The results of the study do not support a comparison. Avid gaming may be a hobby rather than a …
Comparing Social Skills In Children With Autistic Disorder And Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, Mary Elizabeth Shoemaker
Comparing Social Skills In Children With Autistic Disorder And Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, Mary Elizabeth Shoemaker
LSU Master's Theses
Although in recent years there has been a large amount of research on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in general, relatively few studies have focused on Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) as a distinct category. As a deficit in social skills is said to be the primary defining feature of ASD, continued research on assessment and treatment of social skills deficits in ASD is warranted. The present study aims to examine the differences in social skills between children diagnosed with Autistic disorder and PDD-NOS using the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills for Youngsters (MESSY). This study extends a previous …
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Women After Hurricane Katrina: Predictors And Symptom Endorsement, Julia E. Thompson
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Women After Hurricane Katrina: Predictors And Symptom Endorsement, Julia E. Thompson
LSU Master's Theses
Hurricane Katrina devastated areas of New Orleans and caused the evacuation of most of the city’s residents. Many people were exposed to dangerous storms and flooding and lost many of their possessions. One of the most common psychological disorders following a disaster is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. This study describes the PTSD symptom endorsement of a sample of women who experienced Hurricane Katrina. In addition, many of these women had previous trauma histories which are also described. Participants included 287 women from New Orleans, Jefferson and East Baton Rouge Parish recruited for a larger study on mother’s and children’s psychological functioning …
The Effect Of Stimulus Choice On A Discrimination Task: Pictures Vs. Objects, Kristen Abbondante
The Effect Of Stimulus Choice On A Discrimination Task: Pictures Vs. Objects, Kristen Abbondante
LSU Master's Theses
The effect of the type of stimuli, pictures vs. objects, on discrimination behavior, specifically noun discrimination, was examined with a single-subject multi-element design. A multiple probe across behaviors was used for two participants. The type of stimulus, picture or object, was the alternating treatment. Two autistic children were trained in six noun discrimination tasks utilizing a discrete trial training model counterbalancing the type of stimuli across participants. Generalization of object to pictures and pictures to objects was also examined. Results showed that type of stimuli, picture or object, did not affect treatment. Generalization data was idiosyncratic.
The Effects Of Performance Feedback Plus Graphing On The Treatment Integrity Of A Parent Implemented Reading Intervention Program, Lacey Leblanc
The Effects Of Performance Feedback Plus Graphing On The Treatment Integrity Of A Parent Implemented Reading Intervention Program, Lacey Leblanc
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Repeated reading is an effective intervention that has been demonstrated to remediate reading problems in children. The parent tutoring literature has shown that this intervention is effective in the home environment as well as the school environment. One primary difference between home-based and school-based interventions is that a consultant is often available to work with teachers, whereas parents are not always offered this resource. However, research has demonstrated that behavioral consultation in the home environment, in which a parent serves the role of the consultee, is an effective method for addressing academic concerns. In order to make sound conclusions regarding …
On The Relative Reinforcing Effects Of Choice-Making And Differential Consequences With Typically-Developing Children, William J. Jung Iii
On The Relative Reinforcing Effects Of Choice-Making And Differential Consequences With Typically-Developing Children, William J. Jung Iii
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
The Relationship Between Eyewitness Identification Accuracy And Memory For Contextual Details, Suzette C. Tassin
The Relationship Between Eyewitness Identification Accuracy And Memory For Contextual Details, Suzette C. Tassin
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Environmental Effects On Adolescents Exposed To Hurricane Katrina, Karen Laslie Davidson
Environmental Effects On Adolescents Exposed To Hurricane Katrina, Karen Laslie Davidson
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Adolescents in New Orleans were displaced by hurricane Katrina and returned to find their city devastated by this natural disaster. Although many studies have found a relationship between hurricane exposure and development of psychopathology, the current study evaluated this relationship within the context of protective and risk factors. Specifically, the current study evaluated whether community violence, parent support, and peer support moderated the relationship between hurricane exposure and adolescent PTSD or depression. Results found no relationship between hurricane exposure and adolescent depression. Although there was a main effect for hurricane exposure and PTSD, the proposed variables did not moderate this …
The Assessment Of And Differences Among Intellectually Disabled Adults With Comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorders And Epilepsy, Kimberly Robin Michelle Smith
The Assessment Of And Differences Among Intellectually Disabled Adults With Comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorders And Epilepsy, Kimberly Robin Michelle Smith
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The goal of this study was to systematically examine group differences among those with intellectual disabilities (ID) and comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and epilepsy in an adult population through a detailed exploration of the characteristics that these disorders present in the areas of psychopathology, behavior problems, and impaired social behavior. Previous studies indicating that individuals with ID have comorbid ASD and neurological conditions tend to stop short of addressing these disorders’ impact on the full range of psychosocial issues, particularly in adult samples. Assessments of psychopathology, behavior problems, and impaired social behavior were made with the ASD-Comorbidity-Adult Version and …
The Role Of Hurricane Exposure And Life Disruption As Predictors Of Child Post-Traumatic Stress Symptomatology Following Hurricane Katrina, Angie Lynn Pellegrin
The Role Of Hurricane Exposure And Life Disruption As Predictors Of Child Post-Traumatic Stress Symptomatology Following Hurricane Katrina, Angie Lynn Pellegrin
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
While many children emotionally recover following a disaster (Salzer & Bickman, 1999), possibly one-third of children will experience significant psychological distress or post-traumatic stress symptoms which cause interference with their daily school and home functioning (Vernberg, La Greca, Silverman, & Prinstein, 1996). Research supports the role that exposure, loss, and disruption play in increasing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) severity in children following disasters (La Greca, Silverman, Vernberg, Prinstein, 1996; Verberg et al., 1996). However, there are no assessments or questionnaires that have investigated what type of events during and following a hurricane are most predictive of post-traumatic stress reactions. Using …
Development And Initial Validation Of The Family Eating And Activity Questionnnaire, Jennette Lea Palcic
Development And Initial Validation Of The Family Eating And Activity Questionnnaire, Jennette Lea Palcic
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Pediatric overweight is a growing public health concern in the United States. According to the CDC approximately 17% of children are currently obese (Body Mass Index (BMI) ¡Ý 95th percentile) and the percentage of obese children has tripled since the 1970¡¯s. Both eating and physical activity behaviors have been shown to be related to increased rates of obesity; however, there is a lack of assessment tools to measure these behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to develop a psychometrically sound, parent-report measure of family and child behaviors related to obesity in children between 5- and 12- years-old. Item …
Supporting Decision Making In A Complex World, Jonathan Tall
Supporting Decision Making In A Complex World, Jonathan Tall
LSU Master's Theses
Recent research has questioned whether explicit thinking is necessary or even useful for complex decision making (Gladwell, 2005; Dijksterhuis & Nordgren, 2006; Newell, Wong, Cheung, & Rakow, in press). The present research approaches this issue by examining how different types of decision support facilitate/hinder performance in a diagnostic medical task. The results from 3 experiments indicate that providing an external memory aid improves performance in complex tasks. Additional support in the form of a coding procedure improved awareness of the magnitude of drug effects, but did not improve detection of negative side effects. The results suggest that while performance is …
The Effects Of Increasing The Risk Perception Of High-Risk Behaviors On Decision Making Among College Daily Smokers And Never-Smokers, Scott Patterson
The Effects Of Increasing The Risk Perception Of High-Risk Behaviors On Decision Making Among College Daily Smokers And Never-Smokers, Scott Patterson
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Participation in high-risk behaviors, such as substance use or dangerous driving practices, is widely reported by young adults and college students. Psychosocial theories explain participation in high-risk behaviors by the effects of risk perception on the outcome of behavior. Physiological researchers assert that biological factors (such as the role of the prefrontal cortex) better account for participation in high-risk behaviors based on impulsive decision-making patterns in substance users. The current study explored the relationship between impulsive decision-making and risk perception by assessing the impact of changes in high-risk perceptions on a measure of impulsive decision-making (delay discounting task). A sample …
The Influence Of Alcohol Advertising On Associative Memory And Consideration Sets, James Charles Smith
The Influence Of Alcohol Advertising On Associative Memory And Consideration Sets, James Charles Smith
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Survey studies suggest that alcohol advertising influences attitudes and beliefs that promote alcohol use. Strategies from memory research and marketing were used to test the influence of beer advertising found in popular magazines. Effects on preference for alcohol and memory associations between alcohol and the positive outcomes of drinking were measured. One hundred eighty undergraduate women and men viewed 5 ads. A 2 x 2 + 1 (control group) factorial design simultaneously varied ad type (arousing or sedating messages) with processing type (selective attention or elaborative processing). Preferences for alcohol and memory associations did not differ between the control group …
Effects Of Three Early Literacy Interventions In The Preschool Classroom: Comparing Phonological Awareness Training, Dialogic Reading, And A Combination Condition In Small Groups, Jennifer Koenig Longwell
Effects Of Three Early Literacy Interventions In The Preschool Classroom: Comparing Phonological Awareness Training, Dialogic Reading, And A Combination Condition In Small Groups, Jennifer Koenig Longwell
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Phonological awareness, oral language, alphabet knowledge, and print awareness are the building blocks for emergent literacy. These skills can be divided into embedded and explicit domains of early literacy interventions. Dialogic reading, a well-researched embedded method of reading intervention, incorporates oral language and print awareness through adult-child storybook reading. Phonological awareness interventions utilize explicit skills such as phonemic instruction and letter knowledge to increase early literacy. The current study examined three early literacy interventions, dialogic reading, phonological awareness, and a combination condition, in comparison with each other and a control condition. Thirty-seven preschool children were randomly assigned to a condition …
The Children's Coping Behavior Questionnaire: Development And Validation, Brittany Cornell Hernandez
The Children's Coping Behavior Questionnaire: Development And Validation, Brittany Cornell Hernandez
LSU Master's Theses
Coping is defined as the actions and cognitions used to manage stressful demands. As children develop, coping becomes more refined and situation-specific. Children’s coping styles have been found to relate to distress and adjustment. Despite the importance and implications of children’s coping responses, there is no accepted standard in measuring children’s coping. Past research has had to utilize the few measures in existence, despite possible psychometric inadequacies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a psychometrically sound self-report measure of coping in children and adolescents. After initial item generation, pilot testing, and item elimination, the data were factor …
Assessing The Effectiveness Of The Response To Instruction Model For English Language Learners By Utilizing A Non-Language-Based Intervention, Chisato Komatsu
Assessing The Effectiveness Of The Response To Instruction Model For English Language Learners By Utilizing A Non-Language-Based Intervention, Chisato Komatsu
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the use of the Response to Intervention (RTI) model for English Language learners (ELLs) by using a computerized constant time delay procedure (CTD) that de-emphasized the use of language. Forty-five ELLs, 22 native English speakers, and five students with a diagnosis of mild mental retardation participated in the study. A computer-administered CTD procedure was utilized for paired associate tasks. The study found differences and patterns in students’ performances that could be used to differentiate responders and non-responders to intervention. An interesting finding was that once the students were divided into groups …
Development And Validation Of The Adolescent Routines Questionnaire: Parent And Self-Report, Kara Meyer
Development And Validation Of The Adolescent Routines Questionnaire: Parent And Self-Report, Kara Meyer
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The popular parenting literature often has stressed the importance of establishing predictable routines in the lives of young children. In addition, routines as a part of parenting treatment packages have been shown to reduce child behavior problems, as well as disruptive meal and bedtime behavior. Establishing homework routines can lead to increased cooperation and work completion during homework as well as classroom preparedness. Furthermore, empirical literature suggests that the presence of routines is related to overall child health and adherence to medical regimens. Although promising new instruments have been developed to assess daily routines in preschool and school-aged children, none …
The Effects Of Food Deprivation On Caffeine And Food Reinforcement In Females, Lauren Baillie
The Effects Of Food Deprivation On Caffeine And Food Reinforcement In Females, Lauren Baillie
LSU Master's Theses
This study examined the reinforcing value of caffeine and food in a sample of 14 normal-weight females who indicated some degree of dietary restraint, and consumed caffeine daily. Eligible individuals participated in two sessions, one of which required a 24-hour fast. During both sessions, participants completed measures assessing caffeine withdrawal symptoms, urge to drink caffeine, hunger, and a multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ) requiring them to earn points towards either snack foods or caffeinated beverages. There were no significant differences between the fasting and non-fasting conditions on MCQ scores, though the means were in the predicted direction (i.e., participants appeared to work …
The Effects Of Community Violence Exposure On Children Affected By Hurricane Katrina, Audrey Baumeister
The Effects Of Community Violence Exposure On Children Affected By Hurricane Katrina, Audrey Baumeister
LSU Master's Theses
Hurricane Katrina was one of the most disastrous natural occurrences to ever hit the United States. It is known that increased adjustment difficulties have been found among children following a disaster. Further, community violence exposure has been linked to several areas of negative psychological functioning including PTSD, depression, and anxiety. This study examines the predictive value of level of exposure to the hurricane, level of community violence exposure, and gender, in examining PTSD symptomatology following Hurricane Katrina. Participants were 230 mother-child dyads recruited from various public and private elementary and middle schools within Orleans Parish, Jefferson Parish, and East Baton …
Predicting Conduct Problems In Youth: The Moderating Effects Of Hurricane Katrina, Julia F. Vigna
Predicting Conduct Problems In Youth: The Moderating Effects Of Hurricane Katrina, Julia F. Vigna
LSU Master's Theses
This study explored the moderating effects of disaster exposure on the relationships between youth conduct problems and a variety of risk and protective factors in a low-income population. Specifically, the study tests the moderating roles of hurricane-related life-threatening events and loss/disruption on the relations between conduct problems and violence exposure, social support, parenting behaviors, and family routines, respectively. This study draws data from an existing dataset, comprised of 281 displaced mother-child dyads from New Orleans and 98 non-displaced mother-child dyads from Baton Rouge, a city approximately 85 miles west of New Orleans. It was predicted that heightened conduct problems would …
Comorbid Psychological Disorder In Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities And Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jessica Ann Boisjoli
Comorbid Psychological Disorder In Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities And Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jessica Ann Boisjoli
LSU Master's Theses
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by deficits in three areas of functioning: communication, socialization, and restricted interests/repetitive behavior. With the rise in diagnoses of ASD in recent years, these disorders have received increasing recognition by researchers and clinicians. These efforts have largely been with young children. However, the study of ASD and comorbid disorders in adults with intellectual disability (ID) has been almost nonexistent. While there are measures available to assess comorbid disorders in people with only ID, the differences in adults with ASD and ID and adults with ID alone may also be a good deal different than …
Predictors Of Social Support Provided To Smokers, Diana Williams Stewart
Predictors Of Social Support Provided To Smokers, Diana Williams Stewart
LSU Master's Theses
Over 20% of adults in the U.S. presently smoke cigarettes. The highest rates (28.5%) are among 18-24 year-olds. Therefore, cessation interventions targeting young adults are needed. Cessation efforts and maintained abstinence in smokers have been associated with positive social support from others (i.e., “support persons”) throughout the cessation process. Support persons' attributions about smokers may affect the consistency and amount of support they provide to a smoker during a cessation attempt. The present investigation addressed the relationship between support persons' attribution style and the quality and quantity of support they provided to smokers. College students (N=244) were asked to identify …