Psychology Commons^™

Graduate Students' Perceptions Of Formative Faculty Characteristics: A Look At What Facilitates Integrative Development In A Christian Psychology Program, Kimberly Rene Derflinger

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Little has been done to assess how students learn integration except by grading them on how well they memorize and echo back their professors' views. The present study sought to ask students what they find helpful from professors, rather than presuming that faculty already know what is best. Following the research protocol of Sorenson (1995), the present study measured graduate students' perceptions of what faculty characteristics are helpful in their integrative pursuit at George Fox College's Graduate School of Clinical Psychology. This research sought to (a) determine if students at George Fox College employ particular latent dimensions for evaluating faculty …

Influence Of Father Absence And Satisfaction With Parents On Selected Measures Of Nurturant Fathering, Donald Wallace Swan

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This dissertation investigated nurturant fathering as demonstrated by men of differing father-absent backgrounds. Archival data was used from a 1990 survey of 1,515 religious and highly motivated participants in fathering seminars in various regions of the United States. Reasons for father absence included death, divorce, work, and no absence. The influence of type of father absence was examined within the context of (a) participant's age at the time his father became absent, (b) participant's satisfaction with childhood relationship with father, and (c) participant's satisfaction with childhood relationship with mother.

The Personal Fathering Profile (PFP) (Canfield, 1990) was used to measure …

A Preliminary Construction And Validation Of A Measure Of Mothering, Cheryl A. Lane

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This research project outlines the preliminary construction of the Measure of Mothering (MOM) , a self-report rating instrument based upon the research on the relationship between maternal caregiving and the development of psychological disorders in children. Such an instrument is needed because there appears to be no published measure designed to assess mothering effectiveness. Two primary questions were addressed in this study: (a) can an instrument be developed that measures mothering effectiveness based on dimensions derived from the literature?, and (b) Can a pilot test of the instrument demonstrate that it possesses acceptable psychometric qualities? The first procedure used in …

Ethics Among Christian Counselors: A Survey Of Beliefs And Behaviors, Mark R. Mcminn, Katheryn Rhoads Meek

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Previous researchers have reported survey results of the beliefs and behaviors of psychologists (Pope, Tabachnick, & Keith-Spiegel, 1987) and counselors (Gibson & Pope, 1993) with regard to professional ethics. We sent the same instrument to 900 Christian counselors, and received back 496 completed surveys. Rarely and commonly practiced ethical behaviors are described, and differences by sex, age, highest degree, and licensure status are discussed. Although Christian counselors generally appear to have high regard for and good awareness of ethical standards, many unlicensed Christian counselors may benefit from additional training in preventing exploitative counseling relationships. Current professional standards for multiple-role relationships …

The Effect Of Congruent Religious Orientations And Problem Solving Styles On Marital Satisfaction In Religious Couples, Winston Seegobin

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

This study explores the effect of congruent religious orientations, religious problem-solving styles, and marital stress on the marital satisfaction of religious couples. Based on social exchange theory, couples who were congruent in their religious orientation were expected to evince higher marital satisfaction when compared with couples who endorsed incongruent religious orientations. Moreover, this congruent orientation was expected to mediate marital stress. Congruent styles of religious problem-solving were also predicted to mediate marital stress. More specifically, couples who employed a collaborative approach to religious problemsolving were expected to demonstrate higher marital satisfaction than couples who employed other styles of religious problem-solving. …

A Practical Model For Teaching Supervision Through Vertically Integrated Teams, Rodger K. Bufford, Clark D. Campbell, Brandy Liebscher

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Teaching supervision is a relatively new practice and training area (Schindler and Talen, 1996). This paper describes a method of teaching clinical supervision to graduate students in clinical psychology. The method involves an intensive seminar, assigned readings, and a year long supervised practicum in providing supervision. Students in the first through fourth years of a doctoral program are assigned to a team with a faculty leader. The faculty member oversees the professional development of all students on the team. Additionally, the fourth year students oversee the first and second year students under the supervision of the faculty member. This method …

The Competent Lay Christian Counselor, John D. Scanish, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

With the increasing popularity of Christian lay counseling programs come questions and concerns about ethical sensitivity to issues of competence. Ten guidelines are proposed for assessing the competence of lay Christian counselors: (1) are they not living in blatant sin, (2) are they and their families spiritually and emotionally healthy, (3) do they understand and use Scripture wisely, (4) do they represent themselves accurately, (5) do they refer when appropriate, (6) do they practice within their level of training, (7) do they request help for their own problems, (8) do they maintain current awareness of pertinent new developments, (9) do …

Therapeutic Implications Of Therapists' Values For The Female Victim Of Domestic Violence, Patricia A. Warford

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Domestic violence effects 1.8 million women a year in the United States. Despite the magnitude of the problem, the issue is largely unaddressed by the mental health community. Therapists' values, which significantly impact the therapeutic interaction, have not been scrutinized as to their impact on female victims of domestic abuse. Furthermore, four widely accepted therapeutic orientations (psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, and family systems) have historically promoted values which fail to provide a framework for understanding healthy female development, the experiences of women in general, and the experience of women who have endured domestic violence in particular.

Feminist developmental theory (particularly the …

Effects Of Loneliness, Years Of Service, And Spiritual Well-Being Upon Burn-Out Among Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod Clergy, David L. Prout

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Past research had concluded that a combination of individual and situational factors interact as causes for burn-out in ministers. This present study sought to measure three factors, loneliness, years of service, and spiritual well-being for their singular and combined impact upon burn-out among Christian pastors. Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod pastors, 276 in number, were surveyed to determine their level of burn-out, together with measure of the afore-mentioned variables. It was expected that fewer years of service, lower spiritual well-being, and higher loneliness would effect increased levels of measured burn-out in the pastors surveyed. A three-way analysis of variance indicated that burn-out …

The Relationship Of Coping Behaviors, Resurrection Beliefs And Hopelessness Scores Among Bereaved Spouses Of Hospice Patients, Michael E. Atkinson

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Hope is essential to effectively face the trials of life. One of life's most stressful trials is coping with the death of a loved one. Understanding coping differences may promote counseling interventions to benefit individuals who feel hopeless. The Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck, 1974) and the Ways Of Coping Questionnaire-Revised (WOCQ-R) (Folkman & Lazarus, 1988), were used in a survey of 97 bereaved spouses of hospice patients to answer four questions: (a) Does a relationship exist between coping behaviors and levels of hopelessness? (b) Is there a relationship between resurrection beliefs and hopelessness? (c) Are differences in resurrection beliefs related …

Concurrent Validation Of The Affective Scale Of The Diagnostic Assessment For The Severely Handicapped (Dash) Scale, Richard M. Ostrom

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Sixty-nine severely and profoundly retarded ambulatory clients in a residential setting were administered the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped (DASH) Scale. Three groups of 23 were selected based on previous psychiatric diagnosis and matched for social age. The first group contained clients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder; the second group contained a mix of non-affective psychiatric diagnoses; and the third group included participants with no psychiatric diagnosis. Six one way analyses of variance were conducted. All were significant. Post hoc analyses showed that the DASH effectively discriminated bipolar-disordered participants from those with no psychiatric diagnosis, but not those …

Spiritual Changes As Psychotherapy Outcomes, Rodger K. Bufford, T. Wilson Renfroe, George Howard

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Factor Structure Of The Field Edition Of The Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised, Jon S. Bos

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted for the field edition of the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R). The sample for the field edition of the Leiter-R was divided into 3 age groups (2-5, 6-11, 12-21 years old) for this series of analyses. Two factors were identified for the youngest age group (2-5 years), three factors were identified for the second age group (6-11 years old), and five factors were identified for the third age group (12-21 years old). These shifts in the factor structure of the test provide evidence for the age differentiation hypothesis. Implications for …

Concurrent Validation Of The Affective Scale Of The Diagnostic Assessment For The Severely Handicapped (Dash) Scale, Richard R. Ostrom

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Sixty-nine severely and profoundly retarded clients in a residential setting, each of whom could ambulate without staff assistance, were administered the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped (DASH) Scale. Three groups of 23 were selected based on previous psychiatric diagnosis and matched for social age. The group with no psychiatric diagnosis served as the nominal control. The second group contained a mix of non-affective psychiatric diagnoses. The third group contained clients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted. The data demonstrated the DASH effectively discriminated clients with bipolar disorder from those without psychiatric as …

Somatization As A Coping Style In Families, Joseph A. Lipetzky

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This study addresses two questions relating to somatic family interaction. The first question is: What is the prevalence of somatic family interaction in a non-clinical sample? The sample consisted of 500 volunteer families obtained by sequential door to door solicitation in Newberg, Oregon, 25 miles southwest of Portland, Oregon. There was a 32% response rate within this area (n = 161) consisting of Caucasian, Hispanic (5%), and oriental families (2%). There was a full range of economic, educational levels and family sizes. The prevalence rate of somatic family interaction was found to be consistent with other research at approximately 21%

Gender Analysis Of The Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Karen J. Kellums

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The purpose of this study was to determine if any of the twenty items on the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) show differential item functioning (DIF) between gender and item response. Archival data were obtained on two groups: (a) 331 members of the Christian Association for Psychological Studies (CAPS, USA), 197 males and 134 females, average age 44.5 years (Adams, 1993; Stratton, 1992); and (bl 392 incoming freshmen students at a liberal arts college in the Pacific Northwest, 148 males and 244 females, average age 18 years (Foster & LaForce, 1991). For each sample, partial correlations were computed for gender-:elated response …

Integrating Across The Psychology Curriculum: A Content Review Approach, James D. Foster

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Teaching integration at the undergraduate level requires thoughtful coordination among psychology faculty. This article describes a content review process by which complimentary strengths and perspectives can be discovered and used to design a coordinated integration curriculum. The George Fox College undergraduate psychology department's integration content review is offered as an example. A content review requires a framework for both exploration of integration activity and desired outcomes. We propose four levels of integration activity in the classroom: (a) modeling of personal faith, (b) integrative discussions, (c) integration readings, and (d) course level integration. These levels are progressive, complimentary, and dependent, to …

Gender Analysis Of The Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Karen J. Kellums

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The purpose of this study was to determine if any of the twenty items on the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) show differential item functioning (DIF) between gender and item response. Archival data were obtained on two groups: (a) 331 members of the Christian Association for Psychological Studies (CAPS, USA), 197 males and 134 females, average age 44.5 years (Adams, 1993; Stratton, 1992); and (b) 392 incoming freshmen students at a liberal arts college in the Pacific Northwest, 148 males and 244 females, average age 18 years (Foster & LaForce, 1991). For each sample, partial correlations were computed for gender-related response …

Integrating Low- And High-Level Skills In Instructional Protocols For Writing Disabilities, Virginia W. Berninger, Robert D. Abbott, Diane Whitaker, Leihua Sylvester, Susan B. Nolen

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Twenty-four children with writing problems were given instruction in handwriting automaticity, spelling strategies, and the composing process (plan, write, review, revise) in 14 one-hour individual tutorials during the summer between third and fourth grade. Half the children (8 boys, 4 girls) received extra practice in composing, while half the children (8 boys, 4 girls) received special training in orthographic and phonological coding. Hierarchical linear modeling of growth curves was used to compare the treatment groups to a non-contact control group (10 boys, 5 girls) on a standard battery at pretest, midtest, posttest, and the two treatment groups with each other …

Beliefs About The Prevalence Of Dissociative Identity Disorder, Sexual Abuse, And Ritual Abuse Among Religious And Nonreligious Therapists, Mark R. Mcminn, Nathaniel G. Wade

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Four hundred ninety-seven Christian therapists and 100 membe.rs of the American Psychological Association returned questionnaires indicating the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) . sexual abuse, and ritual abuse in their clinical practices. There was a low rate of diagnosing DID and ritual abuse among all respondents. Christian pSychologists were slightly more likely to diagnose ritual abuse than other psychologists, but they were no more likely to diagnose DID or sexual abuse. No differences were observed in diagnosing ritual abuse or DID between Christian psychologists, other licensed Christian therapists, non licensed Christian therapists, and lay counselors. Licensed Christian therapists who …

Religious Orientation, Guilt, Confession, And Forgiveness, Katheryn Rhoads Meek, Jeanne S. Albright, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Religious orientation and psychological functioning were investigated in an analog study with 83 participants. After completing the Religious Orientation Scale (Allport & Ross, 1967), participants read a continuous narrative with three scenarios in which they first committed a dishonest act, and then felt compelled to confess what they had done. The final scenario contained a manipulation of grace or no-grace, in which half of the participants were forgiven for their act and half were not. Following each scenario, participants were tested for feelings of guilt and related behavioral and emotional responses. Intrinsically religious participants were more prone to guilt, more …

Effects Of Pro-Socialization Skills Training On Self-Efficacy In Correctional Institution Inmates, Daniel Edward Fry

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Prison inmates released to the community following incarceration often have difficulty adapting socially. Previous research indicates that prison treatment programs aimed at increasing cognitive and prosocial skills can improve ex-felon adaption and decrease recidivism. The current study explored the effects of an 8-week prison treatment program (Transitional Counseling Program [TCP]) designed to teach prosocial skills. This was expected to enhance Bandura's (1977, 1982, 1986) construct of self-efficacy (SE) within inmates. Self-efficacy enhancement was seen as a first step in a program of future research which may show a connection between higher inmate SE at release, improved post prison adaption, and …

What Makes Counseling Christian, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Over the last 25 years, Christian counseling has been defined in a number of ways. Definitions have focused on the context, content or intervention techniques, the motivations or goals of counseling, and counselor characteristics. Strengths and weaknesses of various approaches will be examined and a resolution proposed.

Verification Of The Number Of Factors In The Mmpi -A With Adolescent Females, Kristina M. Kays

Faculty Publications - Psychology Department

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) was factor analyzed using the adolescent female normative sample. A Maximum Likelihood (ML) factor analysis with an oblimin rotation produced both a 4-factor solution and a possible 8-factor solution. However, anaylsis of the eigenvalues and the Scree test plot indicated a 4-factor solution obtained the best data fit.

Factor 1 identified a general sense of maladjustment characterized by anxiety, depression, and physical complaints. Factor 2 distinguished features of social introversion, obsessive thoughts, and depression . Factor 3 described features of unusual behavior, thought disorders, and social deviance. Factor 4 reflected the need for control …

Spiritual Wellbeing And Depression In Psychotherapy Outpatients, Rodger K. Bufford, T. Wilson Renfroe

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

In a quasi-experimental intact groups design the effects of psychotherapy on spiritual wellbeing and depression were assessed in two groups of adult psychotherapy outpatients. Both groups showed significant gains on the Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWB), and significant decreases on the Beck Depression Scale. Further, both casual and committed Christians showed similar effects. The BDI and Existential Wellbeing (EWB) were significantly negatively correlated, but BDI and Religious Wellbeing (RWB) were unrelated. While causal effects cannot be firmly established, results are consistent with the hypothesis that successful psychotherapy increases spiritual wellbeing, including religious wellbeing. The SWB scale appears useful as a treatment …

Transference And Multiple Personality Disorder: Implications For Diagnosis And Treatment, Terri L. Bennink

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The phenomena of transference, as manifested by individuals with multiple personality disorder, was examined as it related to diagnosis and management of therapy. Current definitions and diagnostic criteria for multiple personality disorder were given as well as prominent conceptualizations of the recognition and intervention of transference phenomena. Specific emphasis was placed on differential diagnosis of borderline personality disordered patients from those with multiple personality disorder in terms of similarities and differences in the manifestations and therapeutic management of transference behavior. Pierre Janet's theory of the dynamics of dissociation was reviewed as support for understanding transference behavior in multiple personality disordered …

Selected Demographic Variables As Predictors Of Ego-Identity Confusion Among George Fox College Students, Timothy A. Perkins

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Seven demographic variables were evaluated, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis, to answer the research question: can selected demographic variables adequately predict identity confusion, as measured by the Revised Version of the Extended Objective Measure of Ego-Identity Status (Bennion & Adams, 1986), among George Fox College Freshmen? The James D. Foster and Beth A. La Force research project provided the archival data base for this study. From this available data, demographic variables were selected as predictors of identity confusion among 268 George Fox College freshmen students. Identity confusion was measured using the Extended Objective Measure of Ego-Identity Status - Revised (EOMEIS-2). …

The Effect Of Cognitive-Behavioral Marriage Enrichment On Marital Adjustment Among Church Couples, Charles W. Combs

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This study evaluated the short- and long-term effect of a cognitive-behavioral marriage enrichment program on perceived marital adjustment. The study examined the Traits of the Happy Couple marriage enrichment workshop (Halter, 1988). The workshop consisted of five 2-hour training sessions held in five consecutive weeks for a total of 10 hours of training. It seeks to increase the marital adjustment of participants through a combination of didactic and experiential methods. No prior controlled study of the effectiveness of this workshop has been done. Participants included 34 married couples who were predominately from conservative, evangelical churches in the Portland, Oregon, area. …

Selected Demographic Variables As Predictors Of Behavior Change Among Adolescents In A Residential Treatment Center, Paul Stoltzfus

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Research has demonstrated that theories of coping resources can be clarified by delineating risk factors and protective factors. These factors modulate the impact of traumatic events and which predict treatment outcome. This research project selected variables, conceptualized as risk and protective factors, to predict behavioral changes of adolescents at Chehalem House, a residential treatment center. The predictor variables were gender, age, diagnoses, level of intellectual functioning, the occurrence of sexual abuse, and severity of sexual abuse . The behaviors selected as criterion variables were non-compliance, negative attention seeking, and passivity/depression. Statistically significant regression equations were derived : a positive correlation …

Reply To Brokaw, Nancy S. Thurston

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.