Psychology Commons^™

Man To Man: A Psychodynamic/ Developmental Understanding Of Adult Male Same-Sex Friendship, Len D. Mccoy

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Within psychology there has been a historic lack of literature on male development at the social, personal and intrapsychic levels. This is currently being remediated somewhat, but large voids still exist. Not only is male development under-represented, but there is even less research on the development and attributes of men's same-sex friendships. This study describes typical strengths and deficits in male friendships. The areas of deficit include the lack of emotional closeness many men experience with each other and the decline in friends that many men experience post-adolescence. An analysis of developmental and psychodynamic issues seeks to help illuminate the …

The Effects Of Pretherapy Information On The Client's Perception Of A Counselor's Values And Receptiveness To Treatment, James C. Thomas

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Over the past thirty years there has been a growing awareness in the psychological community that a counselor's personal values, including religious values, influences the therapy relationship. Despite this awareness, few counselors have made it a practice of sharing their value orientation with their clients. One way of helping clients make informed choices about whether they want to enter therapy with a certain counselor is to give them information before therapy begins about a counselor's personal values that may influence the therapy relationship. This study partially replicates the work of Lewis and Epperson ( l 991) and shows that pre …

Technology In Practice (Section 2.31 Of The Comprehensive Clinical Psychology: Vol. 2. Professional Issues), Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The contemporary practice of psychology requires a prudent balance of traditional and emerging communication methods. Interpersonal interactions in the context of human relationship (e.g., speech, emotional expressions, and nonverbal gestures) have been a vital part of emotional healing throughout many centuries, and research findings in the 1990s underscore the importance of relational factors in effective psychological interventions (Whiston & Sexton, 1993). In addition to the time honored interpersonal communication methods of professional psychology, rapid technological advances have propelled psychologists into another sphere of communication. Today's professional psychologist is increasingly expected to attain mastery in both of these communication methods-the very …

Calming Anxiety: Developmental Interventions For Multigenerational Parent-Child Therapy, Marilyn J. Montgomery, Camillel Debell, Judith Wilkins

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

When parents bring a child or an adolescent to therapy, they often are anxious and want problems to be resolved as soon as possible. Sometimes, the counselor realizes that targeting interventions toward only the child will lead to limited change and might perpetuate the family's view of the child as a "problem." On the other hand, parents might resist suggestions for family therapy, believing as they do that the problem is located in the child. This article presents a method of working with both parents and the child that provides supportive therapy for the child while intervening with the parents …

The Critical Contact: A Study Of Recruiter Verbal Behavior During Campus Interviews, Camille S. Debell, Marilyn J. Montgomery, Patricia R. Mccarthy, Richard P. Lanthier

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

The verbal behaviors of 25 corporate recruiters were content analyzed and compared to student applicants’ postinterview evaluations of them. Qualitative and quantitative analyses identified and counted helper and other responses made by recruiters. Additional analyses indicated significant variability in the quality of interviews, the talkativeness of recruiters, and the relative impact of recruiter verbal behaviors on the applicants’ ratings. Recruiters who para- phrased, asked questions, and made influencing statements tended to be rated significantly higher on their expertness, or competence. Recruiters who dis- closed sometimes-irrelevant information tended to be rated significantly lower on Responsiveness. These results are discussed within the …

Review Of Richards & Bergin's "A Spiritual Strategy For Counseling And Psychotherapy", Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Psychologists Collaborating With Clergy, Mark R. Mcminn, Laura C. Edwards, Brian R. K. Lim, Clark D. Campbell

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

If a patient adheres to religious values and practices, should the treating psychologist get input from a clergyperson? How frequent is clergy-psychologist collaboration? What obstacles impede such collaboration? An exploratory survey questionnaire was sent to 200 clergy, 200 psychologists interested in religious issues, and 200 psychologists selected without regard to religious interests or values. Four themes were assessed: types of collaborative activities, frequency of collaboration, obstacles to collaboration, and ways to enhance collaboration. Strategies for promoting clergy-psychologist collaboration include challenging unidirectional referral assumptions, building trust through proximity and familiarity, and considering the importance of shared values and beliefs.

Advice To Authors: From The File Cabinet To The Journal Pages, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Several suggestions are given for those considering authoring a journal article. These suggestions include timely submission of manuscripts, having a peer review the manuscript before submitting it to a journal, and selecting a journal that fits the style and content of the manuscript. Though authors of journal article must be resilient and capable of handling rejection letters, those who persevere often make significant contributions to Christian scholarship.

Principled Mentoring: Identifying Core Values For The Practice Of Mentoring, Peter F. Wilson

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This theoretical study was done to promote additional research in mentoring, A great deal has been written about mentoring relationships and research has built a strong case for their value across a wide variety of settings. Mentoring is a centuries old practice in which younger or more inexperienced individuals are trained in a relational context by a more experienced, usually older individual. In more recent times mentoring has been most prominent in academic and business settings. Most often, mentoring takes the form of an unstructured relationship but many businesses and some universities have developed formal mentoring programs. The mentoring research …

Questioning The "Slippery Slope": Ethical Beliefs And Behaviors Of Private Office-Based And Church-Based Therapists, Barrett W. Mcray, Mark R. Mcminn, Katheryn Rhoads Meek

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Counselors and other mental health professionals whose primary office is in a church building often face unique challenges in maintaining appropriate client-therapist boundaries. A sample of 497 Christian counselors responded to an 88-item survey of their ethical beliefs and behaviors. Of the respondents, 148 reported a church as their primary work setting and 162 reported a private office as their primary work setting. Survey results were factor analyzed, then church-based therapists were compared with private office-based therapists regarding their views of ethical behaviors. Although church-based therapists take greater liberties with multiple-role relationships than private office-based therapists, they appear similar with …

The Relationship Between Family Health And Concept Of God, Rodger K. Bufford, Doug Crawford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The relationship between general family health and personal beliefs about God was investigated among undergraduate psychology students from a small Christian liberal arts college (N = 77; ages 18-65, M = 22.1; 65% female). Family health was measured by the Health/Competence factor of the Self-Report Family Inventory - Version II (SFI; Beavers, Hampson, & Hulgus, 1990). God concepts were measured by the 11 factors of the 75 item Concept of God scale (COG; Brinkman, 1989; Gorsuch, 1968). COG factors were grouped into healthy/positive, unhealthy/negative, and doctrinal/neutral. Results revealed significant positive correlations between family health and healthy/positive concepts of God and …

Acculturation In Relation To Somatization And Mental Health Attitudes Among Asian Americans, Natasha A. E. Wong

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

A total of 98 Asian Americans completed surveys which consisted of a demographic questionnaire, the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale (SL-ASIA), the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Pearson correlations were conducted between acculturation and the four subscales of the ATSPPHS, acculturation and somatization as indicated by the somatic items on the SCL-90-R, and somatization and the four subscales of the ATSPPHS. Significant negative correlations were found between acculturation and somatization, and somatization and the interpersonal openness subscale of the ATSPPHS. A significant positive correlation was also found between acculturation and the interpersonal …

The Relationship Between Adult Attachment Styles And Masterson's Delineation Of Personality Disorders, Kristina K. Roberts

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The present study addresses the degree of relationship between adult attachment styles, as assigned by attachment theory, and personality disorders, as delineated by Masterson's developmental self and object relations theory. Relationships between the avoidant-dismissive attachment style and characteristics of the exhibiting narcissistic personality disorder, between the preoccupied attachment style and the borderline personality disorder, and between the avoidantfearful attachment style and the schizoid and avoidant personality disorders were anticipated. Eighty-six individuals involved in the Access Program in Spokane, Washington participated in the study. Thirty-four psychology students at George Fox University also participated in the study as a control group. Participants …

Predicting Estrangement From God Among Christians: Preliminary Findings And Practice Implications, Rodger K. Bufford, Kathryn Wurtz

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Persons who come to counseling, especially Christians, often present with concerns about their relationships with God. Many clinicians have noted that alienation or estrangement from God is a common concern even among persons with conservative theological beliefs. They may say things like “I know God loves me, but I don’t feel like it.” Little is currently known about factors which may cause or predict such feelings. The present study explored factors which predict estrangement from God. Results indicated that estrangement from God is more likely among clients than among students. Estrangement from God can be strongly predicted by the absence …

Sources Of Gain In Christian Counseling And Psychotherapy: A National Survey, Barbara M. Houston

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This exploratory survey is an attempt to examine assumptions that shape and direct Christian psychologists' professional thoughts and actions in order to further the research on the efficacy of Christian psychotherapy. Major assumptions about change sustaining Christian counseling have been expounded without much empirical support. The Christian Psychologist Survey, concerning the assumptions about the sources of gain in Christian counseling and psychotherapy, was completed by 164 Christian Association for Psychological Studies (CAPS) members, 112 males and 52 females. This study endeavors to discover practicing therapists' beliefs of what makes Christian therapy effective, and what aspects make counseling "Christian." Regarding critical …

Assessment Of Nonverbal Cognitive Processes In Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Jacqueline J. Head

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

This study reviewed the literature on ADHD/ADD including a survey of the disorder, current clinical interventions and, diagnostic techniques. Data was collected comparing three groups of children (control, ADHD, ADD) on a newly developed nonverbal assessment test, the Leiter-R. The findings show that the Leiter-R resulted in significant differences in scores between the control group and the ADHD and ADD groups on twelve of the twenty subtests. This demonstrates the efficacy of the Leiter-R as an assessment tool for ADHD and ADD. Based on these findings the following tentative recommendations were proposed to assist children with ADHD and ADD. Children …

Beliefs And Behaviors Among Caps Members Regarding Ethical Issues, Mark R. Mcminn, Katheryn Rhoads Meek, Barrett W. Mcray

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

A survey was conducted of the ethical beliefs and behaviors of 498 Christian counselors, using the same 88-item instrument used in previous surveys of psychologists (Pope, Tabachnick, & Keith-Spiegel, 1987) and counselors (Gibson & Pope, 1993). Seventy-seven of the respondents were members of the Christian Association for Psychological Studies (CAPS). Generally, CAPS members appear to have high regard for and high compliance with prevailing professional ethical standards. Response patterns from the overall sample were simplified with factor analyses, resulting in two scales of ethical beliefs and four scales of ethical behaviors. Scale scores were used to compare CAPS members with …

Dual Relationships And Pastoral Counseling: Asset Or Liability?, Marilyn J. Montgomery, Camille Debell

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

Dual relationships are proscribed in the standards of ethical conduct for most professional groups that provide counseling or psychotherapy. Dual relationships are thought to be unethical because they cloud the clinical judgment of the counselor and may present conflicts of interest that prevent the counseling relationship from being beneficial. Pastors frequently provide counseling for troubled persons or families, yet they often maintain other roles and relationships with these persons and families. This article addresses the issue of the inevitability of dual relationships in pastoral counseling. Courses of action for handling dual relationships in pastoral counseling are identified.

Differences In Love Attitudes Across Family Life Stages, Marilyn J. Montgomery, Gwendolyn T. Sorell

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

Differences in the endorsement of six love styles among four family life stage groups were investigated using the Love Attitude Scale. The sample included 250 adults in four groups: college-age single youth, young childless married adults, married adults with children living at home, and married adults with launched children. Significant differences in the groups' endorsements were found on several subscales, with most differences occurring between the non-married and married groups. Associations be- tween the love attitudes and relationship satisfaction at all life stages are discussed.

Sexual Attraction And Religious Therapists: Survey Findings And Implications, Paul W. Case, Mark R. Mcminn, Katheryn Rhoads Meek

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Five hundred Christian therapists returned surveys describing their beliefs and behaviors regarding sexual attraction and sexual expression toward their clients. Four groups of Christian therapists responded: psychologists, licensed therapists, nonlicensed therapists, and lay counselors. Christian therapists' responses are compared with those from a similar survey of 456 psychologists selected without regard to religious values. Most groups of Christian therapists are less likely than previously surveyed psychologists to report sexual attraction and fantasy toward clients, but the differences between Christian psychologists and other psychologists are minimal. Religious factors that may increase the stigma of admitting sexual attraction are considered.

Children With Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: Thought Disorder And Communication Problems In A Family Interactional Context, Martha Tompson, Joan Asarnow, Elizabeth Burney Hamilton, Larisa E. Newell, Michael J. Goldstein

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Thought disorder and communication patterns during an interactional task were examined in families of children with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (schizophrenia and schizo typal personality disorder), depressed children, and normal controls. Children with schizophreniaspectrum disorders showed significantly more thought disorder than their normal peers; levels of thought disorder among depressed children fell between those observed in the other two groups but did not differ significantly from either of them. Similarly, mothers of children with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders showed more thought disorder than mothers of normal control children but did not differ from mothers of depressed children. Children with schizotypal personality disorder did not …

Forgiveness: More Than A Therapeutic Technique, Katheryn Rhoads Meek, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Although the concept of forgiveness is accepted by many as profitable in promoting personal and relational healing, some have abandoned its historical connection with religious faith. This uncoupling of religion and forgiveness overlooks a progression of healing that both includes and transcends personal healing for the forgiver, and may rob forgiveness of its therapeutic power. A brief discussion of the historical roots of forgiveness is followed by a proposed model of forgiveness that exemplifies the progression of healing proffered by religious faith. Current trends in the forgiveness literature are considered along with their therapeutic implications.

Spiritual Disciplines And The Practice Of Integration: Possibilities And Challenges For Christian Psychologists, Mark R. Mcminn, Barrett W. Mcray

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Spiritual practices have received less attention than psychological change techniques in the contemporary integration of psychology and Christianity, yet a Christian understanding of health has implications for the personal and professional use of spiritual disciplines as mechanisms for growth. We consider the practical nature of the spiritual disciplines in promoting change as well as possibilities and challenges introduced by using spiritual disciplines both outside and inside the consulting office. Used outside the consulting office, spiritual disciplines may affect the professional life of the Christian therapist by deepening his or her knowledge of God, promoting a posture of humble self-awareness, and …

Market And Mission, Patricia L. Pike, Mark R. Mcminn, Clark D. Campbell

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Social, Academic, And Behavioral Competence Of Depressed Children: Relationship To Diagnostic Status And Family Interaction Style, Elizabeth Burney Hamilton, Joan R. Asarnow, Martha C. Tompson

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

This study compared the social adjustment and academic peifonnance of 15 psychiatrically hospitalized children with depression to 14 children with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 20 nonnal community children, ages 7-14. The relationship between children's interpersonal and academic competence and the quality of direct family interactions was also examined. Analyses revealed an association between children's adaptive functioning and both diagnostic status and family transactional processes, as assessed by two 10-minute conflict-solving tasks. Major findings were as follows: (a) depressed children and children with schizophrenia spectrum disorders received similarly low ratings of social competence in comparison to normal controls; (b) academic peifonnance …

An Exploratory Factor Analysis Of The Leiter-R, Mike Bay

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Cognitive assessment is an important domain in psychology. The development of nonverbal cognitive assessment devices has been spurred by the increasingly multicultural nature of U.S. society and by legislation calling for early identification and treatment of children with cognitive disabilities. The Leiter-R is a non-verbal test of intelligence designed chiefly for use with language-and cognitively-impaired persons aged 2-21. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the Leiter-R was undertaken in an effort to (a) identify the factor structure of the Leiter-R, (b) verify general visualization (Gv) and fluid reasoning (Gf) as second-level factors in the Leiter-R, and (c) examine evidence for the …

A Spanish Translation Of The Spiritual Well-Being Scale: Preliminary Validation, Kay Colleen Bruce

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Recent attention has focused on the need for effective mental health services to minority populations in the United States. The Hispanic community is the second largest minority in the U.S. and continues to grow rapidly. Mental health services may be facilitated by translation and validation of assessment instruments which are psychometrically sound and easy to administer.

Measures of subjective well-being were developed in the United States in the 1970s. An interest in spiritual well-being, as related to one's general sense of health and well-being, led to development of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) by Paloutzian & Ellison (1982). Since that …

A Spanish Translation Of The Spiritual Well-Being Scale: Preliminary Validation, Kay Colleen Bruce

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Recent attention has focused on the need for effective mental health services to minority populations in the United States. The Hispanic community is the second largest minority in the U.S. and continues to grow rapidly. Mental health services may be facilitated by translation and validation of assessment instruments which are psychometrically sound and easy to administer. Measures of subjective well-being were developed in the United States in the 1970s. An interest in spiritual well-being, as related to one's general sense of health and well-being, led to development of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) by Paloutzian & Ellison (1982). Since that …

Separating The Wheat From The Tares: Evaluating Christian Theories Of Personality And Counseling, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Predictors Of Estrangement From God Among Evangelical Christians, Kathryn S. Wurtz

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This study's purpose was to develop linear equations which predict the subjective experience of estrangement from God among Evangelical Christians. Six multiple linear regressions were generated using scores from the God Image Questionnaire as the dependent variables. The regression equations suggest that the following variables were the most powerful available predictors of the subjective experience of estrangement from God. Among the objective test score variables, empathy deficits, low assertiveness scores, social incompetence, unforgiveness, and poor ability to access spiritual resources were significant. Demographic variables that predicted estrangement from God were: failure to identify oneself as a Christian; having felt harmed …