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Articles 301 - 330 of 338
Full-Text Articles in International Relations
The United Nations And Gender-Mainstreaming; International Conferences On Women And The Development Of Gender Mainstreaming Policies In Caribbean States, Camasita Campo
Dissertations and Theses
"International conferences, especially UN-sponsored summits, are popular venues for political coalition around various issues of global concerns, mobilizing large audiences consisting of state representatives, NGO groups and other interested parties. Many small states participate at leading international summits. Some of these states for many obvious reasons are preoccupied with economic survival. Their limited resources are expended on economic priorities and little or none is left for the implementation of social development programs. As a result, these small states are constrained from defining contours of social development, without the cooperation of the international community. They must therefore depend on external actors …
The Rising Threat Of Food Security; A Keynesian Solution To A Global Problem, Auour Heoinsdottir
The Rising Threat Of Food Security; A Keynesian Solution To A Global Problem, Auour Heoinsdottir
Dissertations and Theses
"Is food security a threat to Global security? Recent history suggests so. After all, since 1947 the international community has struggled to implement agreements on agriculture in the name of preserving peace. Most recently, in the last of the Doha Development Round negotiations, efforts have been made to enhance food security (with measures such as equal access to resources, trade liberation, and the removal of tariffs for developing countries). In my thesis I will explore both the theory of these policies and their efficacy in practice. More specifically, I will examine the limitations of past policies (such as ""anti-dumping"") aimed …
The One State Solution An Alternative Vision For Ending The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Abdul Yousef
The One State Solution An Alternative Vision For Ending The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Abdul Yousef
Dissertations and Theses
"The debate for a two state solution for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been ongoing for decades. However, given the current circumstances and realities on the ground, this approach has become more implausible with each passing day. Therefore, many have come to argue the real solutionwould be a single state that would afford equal rights for both Israeli and Palestinian citizens regardless of ethnicity, religion, or racial background. Considering the troubled history of the region, many would view a state where Israelis and Palestinians living together, sharing land, and engaged in a peaceful democratic process to be an unattainable fantasy. This …
The Effects Of Social Media On Democratization, Melissa Spinner
The Effects Of Social Media On Democratization, Melissa Spinner
Dissertations and Theses
"Within the past decade people around the world have become progressively more aware and interested in the new uses of digital technologies in movements for political change. The technologies have given more people and groups access to information and the tools needed to increase productivity and communication than in the past. As a result of these new digital technologies, the number of people contributing to their civil societies has radically increased. My thesis questions: What is the value of digital activism in the process of democratization around the world? How did those that succeed successfully use these new technologies as …
The Impact Of Design On The Compliance Of States With International Agreements, Jakub Walko
The Impact Of Design On The Compliance Of States With International Agreements, Jakub Walko
Dissertations and Theses
This work tackles the question of the importance of design of international agreements on the compliance they elicit on all levels of the global trade regime. Discussing the international legal theories that underpin the different perspectives on this issue and scrutinizing case studies of both large and small treaties this thesis establishes the impact that elements of an agreement's structure have on its aggregate success. A case study of the GATT/WTO system illustrates the challenges of scale and diversity of trade issues while the study of the OILPOL and MARPOL environmental pollution regimes presents a lens on the practical implementation …
Brazil As A Regional And International Leader, Justin Ferber
Brazil As A Regional And International Leader, Justin Ferber
Dissertations and Theses
Brazil's critical role in South American integration and political crisis management in Latin America, as well as its increasing power in international trade, finance, and security underscorethat Brazil influence over regional and international affairs.This thesis argues that Brazil has leveraged its economic strength and soft power—which it derives from its successful domestic social policies and distinguished diplomatic history of promoting international cooperation and peaceful conflict—to project regional and international leadership.
Unveiling The Headscarf Debate; A Study Of Multiculturalism, Zaineb Malick
Unveiling The Headscarf Debate; A Study Of Multiculturalism, Zaineb Malick
Dissertations and Theses
"Thanks to the deepening of globalization, we live in an increasingly diverse world. International migratory patterns bring people of different, often less familiar, cultures to other parts of the world, including the West. For some, assimilation into a dominant culture and broader national identity seems appropriate; for others who want to preserve their unique identity, there is a struggle in accommodating to the new norms and behaviors of their host country. This paper attempts to survey the challenges of multiculturalism; more specifically, it reviews the difficulty in integrating non-western norms into western culture. As I will discuss in greater detail, …
The Post-Conflict Reconciliation Process; Truth Commissions, Tomoe Nakagawa
The Post-Conflict Reconciliation Process; Truth Commissions, Tomoe Nakagawa
Dissertations and Theses
"Since the end of the Cold War, our world has seen an increase in intra-state conflict and the emergence of the notion of state accountability for the treatment of their citizens. Furthermore, sovereign states increasingly see that it is in their interest to apply the rule of law and human rights norms beyond their borders. While peace building efforts have been achieved through criminal prosecutions, truth commissions, reparation programs, and vetting, a truth commission, in particular, has been progressively used in the past decade as one aspect of transitional justice measures. This increase in use illustrates its popularity in handling …
Minority Rights In Europe; The Roma Population As A Case Study, Michael Brooks
Minority Rights In Europe; The Roma Population As A Case Study, Michael Brooks
Dissertations and Theses
"This thesis undertakes an in-depth analysis of the minority rights of Roma populations living within the European Union. The Roma people face economic, social and political discrimination that permeates both government institutions and society in general and has prevented this minority group from integrating into the workings of society. This issue is important because the Roma lack a positive identity both of themselves and from other groups, which deprives the state of an important source of productivity. This is due in part from their own actions based on chosen isolation to some degree, and also because some Roma have become …
The "Europeanization" Of The Western Balkans; Is European Conditionality Fostering Democracy?, George Kostakis
The "Europeanization" Of The Western Balkans; Is European Conditionality Fostering Democracy?, George Kostakis
Dissertations and Theses
"This thesis analyzes the current model of European Union conditionality toward the Western Balkans, which based on a dual approach through the Stabilization and Association Process (SAP). Through SAP, the European Union (EU) is trying to stabilize the Western Balkans, while at the same time associating them with EU policies and supporting them in taking over the EU acquis. My hypothesis is that in order to promote democracy and the rule of law, the EU's policy of stabilizing and integrating should be reformed to better strengthen and clarify conditionality. In order to test my hypothesis, I focused on the three …
Does Democratic Peace Theory Apply To Small Powers? A Case Study Of Turkey And Israel, Robert Lattin
Does Democratic Peace Theory Apply To Small Powers? A Case Study Of Turkey And Israel, Robert Lattin
Dissertations and Theses
This thesis hypothesizes that shared democratic values and institutional constraints, proposed as explanations by Democratic Peace Theory (DPT), should in theory prevent small powers from engaging in physical conflict. However, because these democracies are small and developing, these constraints may not influence outcomes in the same way as they do in larger and more developed powers. To test this hypothesis, a dyadic case study was conducted of the relationship between Turkey and Israel. Specific focus was given to two related events, both of which could have resulted in a physical conflict between the two countries: the May 2010 Flotilla incident …
Iran; A Nuclear Super Power? Understanding Nuclear Ambitions, Lindsey Sera
Iran; A Nuclear Super Power? Understanding Nuclear Ambitions, Lindsey Sera
Dissertations and Theses
"Iran is a nation in flux, with a history of political strife and revolution. The everchanging political atmosphere in the nation has made Iran an unpredictable political actor. It is a nation coping with a new governing system, just a few decades out from a revolution from the reign of the Shah of Iran. The fall of reformism has left the nation politically isolated from the international community. Iran is a nation on the brink of nuclear weapon capabilities and with strained relations there is little comfort in sight for an amicable solution. The conservatives of today's Iran seek independence …
The Security & Development Nexus, Manizha Sayar
The Security & Development Nexus, Manizha Sayar
Dissertations and Theses
In the 21st century the need for conflict and post-conflict reconstruction efforts have increased since a number of conflicts in Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe necessitated the building of newly-democratized states while aiming to achieve security and promoting development. The difficulties that arise when helping to reconstruct states that have failed or those approaching a “failed state” status is that they are neither stable nor have a secure environment which prevent the opportunity for economic development, despite reconstruction efforts. These are the most difficult of situations due to the interconnectedness and direct correlation of the two significant criterions for established …
Roots Of Conflict: A Multi-Level Analysis Of The South Atlantic War Of 1982, David E. Firester
Roots Of Conflict: A Multi-Level Analysis Of The South Atlantic War Of 1982, David E. Firester
Publications and Research
On 2 April 1982, the Argentinian military had invaded and occupied a series of islands known as the Islas Malvinas, or Falkland Islands.* Subsequently, The United Kingdom had responded with a counter-invasion and occupation in an effort to deny the Argentinian claim of sovereignty over the archipelago. After nearly two months and combat casualties in excess of a thousand soldiers the British military was able to negate the Argentinian success and assert its ownsovereignty over the disputed territories. While the outcome of the dispute is clear, the impetus for its initiation is somewhat murky. This paper will attempt …
Degarmo Can Explain The Nuclear Threat, Aldemaro Romero Jr.
Degarmo Can Explain The Nuclear Threat, Aldemaro Romero Jr.
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Richard Edgar Pipes, John A. Drobnicki
Richard Edgar Pipes, John A. Drobnicki
Publications and Research
Richard Pipes is a historian who specializes in Soviet and Russian history. He also served on the National Security Council under President Ronald Reagan.
The West Africa-Latin America Drug Trafficking Epidemic; An Institutional Analysis, Madi Ceesay
The West Africa-Latin America Drug Trafficking Epidemic; An Institutional Analysis, Madi Ceesay
Dissertations and Theses
"West Africa, like any other region in the world, has had to swallow its fair share of modern-day political, economic and social dilemmas. One phenomenon that has had huge negative implications on the political, economic and social spheres of almost every country on the face of the earth is the production, trafficking, marketing and consumption of illicit drugs. The countries in West Africa have not been spared of the negative consequences of illicit drugs. While some countries have an illicit drug production problem, others have a consumption problem. The countries in West Africa have an illicit drug trafficking problem. The …
Neofunctionalism Vs Liberal Intergovernmentalism; The Creation Of The European Stability Mechanism And The Limits Of Political Theory, Holger Scheidt
Neofunctionalism Vs Liberal Intergovernmentalism; The Creation Of The European Stability Mechanism And The Limits Of Political Theory, Holger Scheidt
Dissertations and Theses
"The aim of this study is to determine the expanatory and predictive value of the two predominant schools of thought on state integration, namely neofunctionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism, of supranationalist or state-centric theory, with respect to the creation of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) and the ""Pact for the Euro"" on March 25, 2011 in Brussels. After a 14-month long period of great controversy among the supranational agentsof the European Commission and the representatives of member states of the Economic and Monatery Union (EMU) during 2010, the European Council established a permanent mechanism, which is supposed to grant the stability …
Sexual Gender-Based Violence In The Democratic Republic Of Congo, James Aldworth
Sexual Gender-Based Violence In The Democratic Republic Of Congo, James Aldworth
Dissertations and Theses
"This thesis explores the issue of Sexual Gender-Based Violence in the Democratic of Congo, focusing specifically on the Eastern region of the country. An analysis of the United Nations peacekeeping operation forms a large part the study because the operation remains the most significant multilateral attempt to protect Congolese civilians from sexual violence and other human rights abuses. The objective of the thesis is to highlight the issue of Sexual Gender-Based Violence, describe the background to the continued violence in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo, and offer an explanation of the causal factors behind the sexual crimes …
The Modern Day Gold Rush ; Private Military Corporations, Deirdre Kornhiser
The Modern Day Gold Rush ; Private Military Corporations, Deirdre Kornhiser
Dissertations and Theses
Since wars have existed, there have been soldiers for hire. As the state evolved, originating during the peace of Westphalia, and matured, the definition and the business of mercenarism have gone through many mutations. Today, and particularly since the 1970s, mercenaries have banded together, incorporating themselves as private military firms, some of which are units of multinational corporations. Private Military Corporations (PMCs) offer expertise ranging from construction to logistics but a number of contractors have been accused of human rights violations, particularly in the current theatres of war in Iraq and Afghanistan. The theme of this thesis is that PMCs …
Private Sector Engagement For Poverty Reduction;The Experience Of Undp And Lessons For G-20, Fareeda Ehthesham
Private Sector Engagement For Poverty Reduction;The Experience Of Undp And Lessons For G-20, Fareeda Ehthesham
Dissertations and Theses
"The Group of Twenty countries has recently adopted its first development plan called the “Seoul Development Consensus for Shared Growth” with an unprecedented focus on inclusive development and increased participation from the private sector. The statement from the heads of state of the G-20 group calls for ""financial inclusion"", ""private investment and job creation"" and trade, among other required steps toward economic development and achieving the Millennium Development Goals. The traditional approach to development has been through development assistance and aid flowing from developed to developing nations. This approach has had some successes, but with the large numbers of people …
Climate Torts And Ecocide In The Context Of Proposals For An International Environmental Court, Patrick Foster
Climate Torts And Ecocide In The Context Of Proposals For An International Environmental Court, Patrick Foster
Dissertations and Theses
"This thesis is an exploration of two questions that are neither novel nor lacking in exploration: Is an International Environmental Court (IEC) needed? Is such a court feasible? Proposals for an IEC have a rich history, are well founded and numerous. On the issue of necessity, this thesis attempts to pull together historical and current information on two distinct areas of international environmental law and use these analyses to contextualize the need for an international environmental tribunal. Arguments for and against an IEC are presented within a discussion of environmental diplomacy. This thesis begins with a legal discussion of potential …
The Legal And Political Foundations Of Kosovo's Independence, Mensur Deva
The Legal And Political Foundations Of Kosovo's Independence, Mensur Deva
Dissertations and Theses
The case of Kosovo's independence raised concern regarding setting a precedence for other pro self-determination movements in the world. The critical question is if the Kosovo case actually sets a precedent for these movements or if it is a unique case due to its sui generis situation. This paper is an attempt to analyze the legality and the legitimate right of Kosovo to become an independent state. The study examines the phenomenon of the creation of new states in the world, looking at historical events such as decolonization and the dissolution of communist countries in Eastern Europe. In addition, I …
Usa Vs China; Energy Security Politics Challenges Of Peak-Oil And Climate Change, Tania Hoppe
Usa Vs China; Energy Security Politics Challenges Of Peak-Oil And Climate Change, Tania Hoppe
Dissertations and Theses
"Energy is a critical basis for state survival. This thesis aims at examining the different energy-security strategies of the USA and China and the political means necessary to implement clean-energy development beyond marginal results. The success of China’s lead in its devotion to clean-energy production raises the question of what infrastructural and political challenges the US must overcome to further develop its clean energy industry. While China focuses on its competitive edge in the global energy market, can its domestic energy goals offset population density and addiction to coal? Despite economic competitiveness that comes with market globalization, society’s only means …
The Difficult Relationship Between Haiti And The Dominican Republic, Wilfred Morfa
The Difficult Relationship Between Haiti And The Dominican Republic, Wilfred Morfa
Dissertations and Theses
No abstract provided.
Marxist Insurgencies And Indigenous Rights; The Cases Of Guatemala And Peru, Cocco Valentina
Marxist Insurgencies And Indigenous Rights; The Cases Of Guatemala And Peru, Cocco Valentina
Dissertations and Theses
"The main purpose of this research is to understand the nature of the relationship between leftist armed guerrillas and indigenous rights in the Latin American region. I argue that the ethnic component and indigenous mobilization have greatly determined the political and social achievements of Marxist insurgencies active in many countries of the sub-continent during the second half of the twentieth century. In order to test my hypothesis, I devote particular attention to the historical exposition and critical analysis of both the ethnic problem and Marxism, in its European, Russian, Chinese, and Latin American versions. Subsequently, I focus on the case …
Failure To Adapt; Intelligence Failure And Military Failure As Functions Of Strategic Failure?, David Firester
Failure To Adapt; Intelligence Failure And Military Failure As Functions Of Strategic Failure?, David Firester
Dissertations and Theses
The following paper looks at intelligence failures and military failures through the lens of adaptation failure. This paper asserts that there is reason to believe that certain causal elements of alleged intelligence failures reside more so in the province of politics, than in the collection and analysis domain of intelligence tradecraft. This is not to say that failures are exclusively of a political nature, but that looking at politics and the relationship of policymakers to the Intelligence Community yields a preponderance of causal evidence. Secondly, it is suggested that a parallel set of underlying assumptions evident in adaptation failure theory …
The Implementation Of The Rights Of The Child; Transcending The Traditional Practice Of Child Marriage In Niger, Yemen, And Thailand, Evette Rivera
The Implementation Of The Rights Of The Child; Transcending The Traditional Practice Of Child Marriage In Niger, Yemen, And Thailand, Evette Rivera
Dissertations and Theses
"Child marriage is a harmful traditional practice that affects approximately 60 million children around the globe. This thesis examines the different laws that protect children from this practice and analyzes its implementation in countries where traditional practices violate children’s rights. International provisions, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, charges state parties with the responsibility to protect their children. Each state has the capacity to transcend traditional practices and implement local laws that protect their children. This thesis claims that mobilization of advocacy groups is vital in promoting the well-being of children even when the norms established …
Mikhail Gorbachev And His Role In The Peaceful Solution Of The Cold War, Natalia Zemtsova
Mikhail Gorbachev And His Role In The Peaceful Solution Of The Cold War, Natalia Zemtsova
Dissertations and Theses
"The role of a political leader has always been important for understanding both domestic and world politics. The most significant historical events are usually associated in our minds with the images of the people who were directly involved and who were in charge of the most crucial decisions at that particular moment in time. Thus, analyzing the American Civil War, we always mention the great role and the achievements of Abraham Lincoln as the president of the United States. We cannot forget about the actions of such charismatic leaders as Adolf Hitler, Josef Stalin, Winston Churchill, and Franklin D. Roosevelt …
Cooperation Or Conflict In The Arctic? Unclos And The Barents And Beaufort Sea Disputes, Dovile Petkunaite
Cooperation Or Conflict In The Arctic? Unclos And The Barents And Beaufort Sea Disputes, Dovile Petkunaite
Dissertations and Theses
The predicted prosperity of the Arctic has propelled countries to compete over territory and natural resources lying beneath the water. There is no doubt that a huge amount of potential natural resources in the disputed areas can cause significant tensions between the countries. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the cooperation and conflict dilemma in the Arctic. I examine the Barents Sea dispute and the Beaufort Sea dispute as case studies to demonstrate the potential for cooperation in the Arctic. I claim that the settlement of the Barents Sea dispute between Norway and Russia gives important lessons on how to …