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Articles 511 - 540 of 667
Full-Text Articles in Political Science
Political Dialogue And Human Rights In The Framework Of The Cotonou Agreement, Clara Portela
Political Dialogue And Human Rights In The Framework Of The Cotonou Agreement, Clara Portela
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The present study analyses the use of the political instruments for the protection of Human Rights, democracy and the rule of law under the Partnership Agreement between the European Union (EU) and the African-Caribbean–Pacific (ACP) countries embedded in the Cotonou Agreement: the consultations under article 96, intensified and regular political dialogue. It briefly outlines the legal provisions of the revised treaty, reviews recent practice, and looks into the involvement of civil society and parliamentary bodies in the political dialogue.
Future Imperfect: The European Union's Encounter With China (And The United States), William A. Callahan
Future Imperfect: The European Union's Encounter With China (And The United States), William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
There has been much talk in recent years about an emerging EU-China axis that challenges the United States in a new strategic triangle. The EU-China strategic partnership, which was declared in 2003, suggests that both sides are gaining global influence as a new kind of superpower that seeks to avoid the bloody conflict that characterized the Cold War. Rather than discuss the contours of this new geopolitical axis, this essay argues that EU-China relations are shifting the meaning of security in an emerging arena of global symbolic politics. It analyzes the symbolic politics of EU-China relations through a close reading …
Electoral Laws As Political Consequences: Explaining The Origins And Change Of Electoral Institutions, Kenneth Benoit
Electoral Laws As Political Consequences: Explaining The Origins And Change Of Electoral Institutions, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this review article, I identify the key questions raised by the treatment of electoral systems not as causal influences on party systems but as effects or byproducts of party systems. Framing these questions in the context of the classic consequences-oriented study of electoral institutions, I first review the classic approach, which treats electoral systems as causes, and explore the potential implications when electoral systems are viewed instead as outcomes of party systems. I then survey a variety of principal explanations of the origins and change of electoral laws, followed by a focus on several of the more explicitly defined …
Tianxia, Empire And The World: Soft Power And China’S Foreign Policy Discourse In The 21st Century, William A. Callahan
Tianxia, Empire And The World: Soft Power And China’S Foreign Policy Discourse In The 21st Century, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
China’s recent ‘charm offensive’ is captivating the world stage. Although there has been a thorough cataloguing of China’s soft power assets in terms of the effectiveness and limitations of the PRC’s public diplomacy, much less attention has been paid to how the normative aspect of China’s growing soft power will set the world agenda. This essay will examine the concept of ‘Tianxia’ to understand Chinese visions of world order. Tianxia is interesting both because it was key to the governance and self-understanding of three millennia of Chinese empire, and also because discussion of Tianxia is becoming popular again in the …
Chinese Visions Of World Order: Tianxia, Empire And The World, William A. Callahan
Chinese Visions Of World Order: Tianxia, Empire And The World, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Lately there has been increasing interest among IR scholars in Chinese thought both as an alternative to Eurocentric IR and because the PRC as an emerging power will soon have the institutional power to promote its view of the world. Rather than look for suitable Chinese parallels to ‘international’, ‘security’ or other mainstream concepts, this paper will examine the concept of ‘Tianxia’ to understand Chinese visions of world order. Tianxia is interesting both because it was key to the governance and self-understanding of three millennia of Chinese empire, and also because discussion of Tianxia is becoming popular again in the …
Benchmarks For Text Analysis: A Response To Budge And Pennings, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver
Benchmarks For Text Analysis: A Response To Budge And Pennings, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Budge and Pennings (2007) criticize the “Wordscores” method for computerized content analysis on essentially two grounds. The first is that the best test of Wordscores accuracy is whether it can “reproduce the rich time series produced by the MRG/CMP covering a 50 year period” (Budge and Pennings, 2007: 5), which Budge and Pennings claim it does not do. The second is that Wordscores time series estimates, as implemented by Budge and Pennings, yield very little variation around mean scores for the entire time series. In this brief response we make three simple points.
Estimating Party Policy Positions: Comparing Expert Surveys And Hand-Coded Content Analysis, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver
Estimating Party Policy Positions: Comparing Expert Surveys And Hand-Coded Content Analysis, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this paper we compare estimates of the left-right positions of political parties derived from an expert survey recently completed by the authors with those derived by the Comparative Manifestos Project (CMP) from the content analysis of party manifestos. Having briefly described the expert survey, we first explore the substantive policy content of left and right in the expert survey estimates. We then compare the expert survey to the CMP method on methodological grounds. Third, we directly compare the expert survey results to the CMP results for the most recent time period available, revealing some agreement but also numerous inconsistencies …
Trauma And Community: The Visual Politics Of Chinese Identity In Sino-Japanese Relations, William A. Callahan
Trauma And Community: The Visual Politics Of Chinese Identity In Sino-Japanese Relations, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
With the coming of industry to Europe and European empire to the world, individual bodies took on a new role to represent the modern body politic in international space. [...]the Boy Scouts was established as a way of safeguarding the fitness not just of specific boys against venereal disease, but of safeguarding the general fitness of British imperial rule that was 'threatened' by miscegenational temptations in the colonies.2 2. Rather than producing and distributing positive role models of Chinese patriots like the Boy Scouts, the National Humiliation Gymnastics primer uses basically the same image to construct the community of China …
Nationalism, Civilization, And Transnational Relations: The Discourse Of Greater China, William A. Callahan
Nationalism, Civilization, And Transnational Relations: The Discourse Of Greater China, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This essay examines the interplay between nationalism and foreign policy in China—but with a twist. It seeks to loosen up analytical categories to expand from cultural nationalism to see how civilization constructs identity in national and transnational ways. It examines the limits of Chinese trans/nationalism according to the main Chinese expression of inside/outside—‘civilization/barbarism’—as it constructs Chinese nationalism and Greater China. The purpose is to both critically examine Chinese nationalism and to trace what our focus on the nation-state obscures: namely, transnational politics. Rather than recounting one master narrative of Chinese nationalism, the essay argues that civilization and barbarian define Greater …
Globalization, The Developmental State, And The Politics Of Urban Growth In Korea: A Multilevel Analysis, Yooil Bae, Jefferey M. Sellers
Globalization, The Developmental State, And The Politics Of Urban Growth In Korea: A Multilevel Analysis, Yooil Bae, Jefferey M. Sellers
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article explores the politics of urban growth in a transitional society. Korea, which is experiencing rapid industrialization, urbanization and democratic transition exemplifies a set of conditions that may seem to favor the emergence of an urban growth politics and business-led growth coalition much like that found in urban areas at the time of industrialization, and still prevalent in much of the US and other western democracies today. Yet our multilevel case analyses show that the transformations in Korea as a late industrializer, late democratizer and late adopter of urban policy have helped to consolidate more restricted policies toward urban …
Party Groups And Policy Positions In The European Parliament, Gall Mcelroy, Kenneth Benoit
Party Groups And Policy Positions In The European Parliament, Gall Mcelroy, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
As the legislative body of the European Union (EU), the European Parliament (EP) comprises 732 elected representatives from over 150 national political parties from 25 member states. At the EP level, these members are affiliated with seven major party groups representing distinct policy positions. Here we provide precise estimates of these policy positions based on expert surveys, in addition to characterizing the dimensionality of policy competition in the EP. Our results suggest not only that party groups have identifiable and differentiated positions on multiple issues of policy, but also that these positions group broadly into two orthogonal dimensions: one consisting …
The Cartel Party And The Rise Of The New Extreme Right, Riccardo Pelizzo
The Cartel Party And The Rise Of The New Extreme Right, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
With The Grain Or Against The Grain? Energy Security And Chinese Foreign Policy In The Hu Jintao Era, James T. H. Tang
With The Grain Or Against The Grain? Energy Security And Chinese Foreign Policy In The Hu Jintao Era, James T. H. Tang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Are China’s growing energy needs insatiable, and is a resource war between China and other major energy-consuming countries, such as the United States, inevitable? China’s pursuit of overseas energy resources to feed its fast-growing economy has given rise to observations that energy is now the driving force behind Chinese foreign policy and predictions that potential conflicts between China and other countries are likely to arise as China becomes more aggressive internationally in search of resources.
Who? Whom? Reparations And The Problem Of Agency, Chandran Kukathas
Who? Whom? Reparations And The Problem Of Agency, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
If a person is wronged, whether by a physical violation of his person or by having his property unjustly taken, or even by the besmirching of his reputation, he is, most people agree, entitled to some form of compensation or restitution from the person or persons responsible for the wrong. What form the reparation should take, and how great it should be, are sometimes difficult problems, but this does not change the fact that something is owed and someone must be held to account. If a restaurant goes bust because a supplier fails to fulfill his commitments and a newspaper …
Richard Rorty And Moral Progress In Global Relations, Eduard Jordaan
Richard Rorty And Moral Progress In Global Relations, Eduard Jordaan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Richard Rorty's navigation of the pitfalls of the cosmopolitan-communitarian debate, concern with human suffering, recognition of the contingency of communal identities and relationships, and his endorsement of liberal societies, by definition inclusive and always in search of a greater justice, make it appear as though his thought can guide us towards greater concern for the world's poor. However, this article questions the progressive potential of Rorty's thought. Obstacles to such (global) moral progress include Rorty's unquestioned statism and his focus on internal outsiders who are suffering and/or oppressed, instead of external outsiders beyond national borders; his insistence on a public-private …
History, Identity, And Security: Producing And Consuming Nationalism In China, William A. Callahan
History, Identity, And Security: Producing And Consuming Nationalism In China, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Chinese nationalism has ignited much debate among academics and the general public in both China and the West. Rather than search for the true core of Chinese nationalism, this essay will examine the curious custom of National Humiliation Day as an oblique entry into the politics of identity. The nation is not simply a question of people or territory, the author contends, but of time: the national time scripted by events such as National Humiliation Day. By comparing the differing practices of the holiday as it was celebrated in the early twentieth century and is observed in the early twenty-first …
Voter Strategies With Restricted Choice Menus, Kenneth Benoit, Daniela Giannetti, Michael Laver
Voter Strategies With Restricted Choice Menus, Kenneth Benoit, Daniela Giannetti, Michael Laver
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Mixed-member electoral systems require voters simultaneously to cast ballots in single-member districts (SMD) and multimember, proportional representation (PR) constituencies. It may be that not all parties offer candidates in both electoral contexts, however. In this event would-be voters for some parties may find themselves ‘frustrated’ by the restricted choice menu on offer in the SMD, being effectively forced to split their vote between different parties. Here we explore the different behaviours of frustrated voters in the 1996 mixed-member election to Italy’s Chamber of Deputies, characterizing these as being either in some sense non-strategic (concerned above all with the relative policy …
Policy Competition In The 2002 French Legislative And Presidential Elections, Michael Laver, Kenneth Benoit, Nicolas Sauger
Policy Competition In The 2002 French Legislative And Presidential Elections, Michael Laver, Kenneth Benoit, Nicolas Sauger
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The French two-round system of presidential elections forces candidates to choose strategies designed to maximize their votes in two different, potentially conflicting strategic contexts: a first round contest between many candidates, and a second round between (typically) a left- and a right-oriented candidate. Following a constitutional change in 2000, furthermore, presidential elections are synchronized with legislative elections, more tightly linking presidential candidates to the policy platforms of the parties they represent. This article examines the consequences of policy positioning by presidential candidates, measuring, comparing and assessing positioning in the legislative elections and in the first and second presidential election rounds. …
War, Shame, And Time: Pastoral Governance And National Identity In England And America, William A. Callahan
War, Shame, And Time: Pastoral Governance And National Identity In England And America, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This essay examines the emergence of national identity in international society through the curious example of “National Humiliation Day,” a special holiday proclaimed by the head of state in wartime and celebrated in local churches throughout the nation. It argues that the observation of humiliation days produces the nation as the sacred political community because it figures both problems and solutions in a “national” time that is radically different from the dynastic and ecclesiastical times that defined medieval Europe. Unlike those who suggest that the Peace of Westphalia instituted a dramatic shift to an international system of secular states, the …
A Spatial Analysis Of The Xiii Italian Legislature, Massimiliano Landi, Riccardo Pelizzo
A Spatial Analysis Of The Xiii Italian Legislature, Massimiliano Landi, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School Of Economics
We present a spatial map of the Italian House of Deputies during the XIII Legislature obtained by applying the Poole and Rosenthal methodology to roll call data. We estimate coordinates for almost all the 650 Deputies that were on the House’s floor at the time, and we aggregate them according to parties. We find that voting patters generate basically a two dimensional political space. The first dimension represents loyalty to either the ruling coalition or the opposing one. The second dimension is represented by the European Union. These findings are consistent with the exceptional case of the party Northern League, …
Duverger's Law And The Study Of Electoral Systems, Kenneth Benoit
Duverger's Law And The Study Of Electoral Systems, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Since its first publication in 1951, Duverger's Political Parties has influenced an entire branch of political science devoted to the study of the political consequences of electoral laws. This essay examines the two propositions known as Duverger's law and Duverger's hypothesis, both concerned with how electoral institutions shape party systems. First explaining the propositions and their context, the essay examines their influence on political science, and concludes by assessing where future research in the area might be best concentrated.
Hungary: Holding Back The Tiers, Kenneth Benoit
Hungary: Holding Back The Tiers, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Hungary has a particularly complicated electoral system: a type of mixed system that incorporates three tiers of seat allocation, the use of a proportional allocation formula, and the allocation of a number of seats by a two-round system in single-member constituencies. Examination of the strategic incentives facing parties explains some surprising outcomes, such as the majoritarian impact on the party system and the possibility of the second strongest party in votes becoming the strongest in seats. Despite its complexity and alleged shortcomings, it is unlikely to be abandoned; it serves the interests of the largest parties, and these effectively wield …
Singapore: A Tax Compact For The Future?, Eugene Kheng Boon Tan
Singapore: A Tax Compact For The Future?, Eugene Kheng Boon Tan
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
No abstract provided.
The Mirage Of Global Justice, Chandran Kukathas
The Mirage Of Global Justice, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The political pursuit of global justice is not a worthy goal, and our aims in establishing international legal and political institutions should be more modest. The pursuit of justice in the international order is dangerous to the extent that it requires the establishment of powerful supranational agencies, or legitimizes greater and more frequent exercise of political, economic, and military power by strong states or coalitions. The primary concern in the establishment and design of all legal and political institutions should be not to secure justice but to limit power. It is a mistake to think that a distinction can be …
Cartel Parties And Cartel Party Systems: The Italian Case, Riccardo Pelizzo
Cartel Parties And Cartel Party Systems: The Italian Case, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In spite of the fact that Katz and Mair’s cartel party article has been one of the most widely cited, read, discussed, criticized scholarly works of the past decade, Italian politics experts have been somewhat reluctant to apply the cartel party framework to analyze the Italian party system.1 This reluctance was probably motivated by an improper understanding of what the cartel party hypothesis actually entails. Italian politics scholars seemed to think that the cartel is a specific type of oligopolistic market in which the supply of goods is distorted by the collusion of the oligopolistic firms which, by colluding, form …
Parliamentary Oversight For Government Accountability, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst, David Olson
Parliamentary Oversight For Government Accountability, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst, David Olson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Democracy And Oversight, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst
Democracy And Oversight, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In the course of the past decade, political science has started paying increasing attention to the study of legislative oversight, which had been previously been described as an important but inadequately researched area of legislative activity (Lees, 1977). Lees’ comment is particularly true with regard to comparative analyses of oversight tools and practices. Some studies have recently discussed the instruments of legislative oversight (Maffio, 2002), other studies have instead investigated how legislative oversight relates to both political variables (Pennings, 2000; Damgaard, 2000; Pelizzo and Stapenhurst, 2004a) and socio-economic conditions (Pelizzo and Stapenhurst, 2004b). In spite of this renewed interest in …
A Code Of Conduct For Indonesia: Problems And Perspectives, Riccardo Pelizzo, Bernice Ang
A Code Of Conduct For Indonesia: Problems And Perspectives, Riccardo Pelizzo, Bernice Ang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The purpose of the present paper is fairly straightforward. We want to show that institutional reforms, such as the adoption of a conduct code, represent a necessary albeit insufficient condition to curb corruption and promote good governance. As several scholars have pointed out the success of institutional reform in general and the success of codes of conduct in particular depends, among other things, on ideational conditions. With regard to codes of conduct, parliamentary ethics experts believe in fact that the success of a code of conduct depends on whether the individuals who are supposed to be regulated by the disposition …
The Role Of Parliaments In The Budget Process, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst, David Olson
The Role Of Parliaments In The Budget Process, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst, David Olson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Ideological Orientation: Does It Still Make A Difference?, Riccardo Pelizzo
Ideological Orientation: Does It Still Make A Difference?, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.