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Articles 481 - 510 of 667
Full-Text Articles in Political Science
Wolf Totem’S “Rational Exploration” Of Civilization And Barbarism, William A. Callahan
Wolf Totem’S “Rational Exploration” Of Civilization And Barbarism, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
China Beat has examined the bestselling novel Wolf Totem (Lang tuteng) from a number of different angles, including reviews (by Nicole Barnes and Timothy Weston) as well as several cultural critiques of the book and its media coverage (by Jeffrey Wasserstrom and Haiyan Lee). Now, on the eve of China’s big anniversary, and in a moment, simultaneously, when ethnicity is a crucial flashpoint in the PRC, William Callahan reflects on what the book tells us about China’s nation-building ideology.The fantastic success of Jiang Rong’s Lang tuteng [Wolf Totem] shows how notions of Chinese identity and culture are moving in new …
Challenges For Estimating Policy Preferences: Announcing An Open Access Archive Of Political Documents, Kenneth Benoit, Thomas Brauninger, Marc Debus
Challenges For Estimating Policy Preferences: Announcing An Open Access Archive Of Political Documents, Kenneth Benoit, Thomas Brauninger, Marc Debus
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We provide a comparative perspective on the contributions of the special issue with regard to their applied methods and findings. In addition, we discuss problems that arise when using ‘wrong’ or at least ‘incorrect’ versions of election manifestos by presenting replications of estimated policy positions of German parties. We show that the latter can result in biased estimates that may affect the outcome of theoretical models. On the basis of those findings, we present the idea of the open access archive polidoc.net to build up a common database for political texts.
A Relative Impact Ranking Of Political Studies In Ireland, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Marsh
A Relative Impact Ranking Of Political Studies In Ireland, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Marsh
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Against a background of the Irish government’s concerns with Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and the British government’s wishes for a more quantitative Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), our study conducts a relative impact assessment of the study of politics, government, political science, and international relations in Ireland. Impact is measured as citations from the publications of permanent staff in eight Irish politics departments, based on data compiled in April 2008 from two leading academic indexes – ISI’s Web of Science and Scopus – as well as the now popular Google Scholar. We discuss some of the criticisms that naturally arise in …
One Cheer For Constantinople: A Comment On Pettit And Skinner On Hobbes And Freedom, Chandran Kukathas
One Cheer For Constantinople: A Comment On Pettit And Skinner On Hobbes And Freedom, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Philip Pettit and Quentin Skinner find Hobbes's understanding of freedom as non-interference inadequate because it fails to appreciate what is wrong with a life lived as a slave. Though their critiques have some force, however, Hobbes's view of freedom has virtues of its own. It is highly sensitive to the fact that freedom is a matter of degree. It is also unlikely to mistake freedom for something else, like security or dignity. Moreover, Hobbes is not as unmindful of the dangers of servility as many think.
Managing A Nation's Image During Crisis: A Study Of The Chinese Government's Image Repair Efforts In The “Made In China” Controversy, Peijuan Cai, Lee Pei Ting, Augustine Pang
Managing A Nation's Image During Crisis: A Study Of The Chinese Government's Image Repair Efforts In The “Made In China” Controversy, Peijuan Cai, Lee Pei Ting, Augustine Pang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The image of a nation is crucial in the conduct of international relations (Wang, J. (2006). Managing national reputation and international relations in the global era: Public diplomacy revisited. Public Relations Review, 32, 91–96). A favorable image plays a critical role in asserting one's influence (Benoit, W. L., & Brinson, S. L. (1994). AT&T: “Apologies are not enough”. Communication Quarterly, 42, 75–88; Wang, J. (2006). Managing national reputation and international relations in the global era: Public diplomacy revisited. Public Relations Review, 32, 91–96). Often, strategic communication tools like public relations and media diplomacy are used to enhance a nation's image …
Radical Politics In Hong Kong: Can Business Make A Difference?, James T. H. Tang
Radical Politics In Hong Kong: Can Business Make A Difference?, James T. H. Tang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
As Hong Kong in 2009 retained its title as the world’s freest economy for the fifteenth consecutive year, radicalism seemed to have gained wider support in local politics at a time of economic turbulence—even though a timetable for universal suffrage has been set.
Do We Have A Winner? What The China-India Paradox May Reveal About Regime Type And Human Security, Devin K. Joshi
Do We Have A Winner? What The China-India Paradox May Reveal About Regime Type And Human Security, Devin K. Joshi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
As the concept of human security spreads in the pose-Cold War period it is often presumed chat non-democracies have worse human security than democracies. But the national human security (NHS) siruation in weak or failed democracies can be even worse than in some non-democracies. So how exactly do the NHS records of stares with different regime types like non-democratic China and democratic India compare? To address this question the paper assesses and compares NH S in terms of "freedom from want" (anti-poverty security) and "freedom from fear" (anti-violence securiry). Ir develops a theory of how different regime types might impact …
(In-)Coherence In Eu Foreign Policy: Exploring Sources And Remedies, Clara Portela, Kolja Raube
(In-)Coherence In Eu Foreign Policy: Exploring Sources And Remedies, Clara Portela, Kolja Raube
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
How does the EU deal with incoherence and coherence? In this paper we try to answer this research question in order to draw conclusions on the specific nature of the EU as a foreign policy actor. We define coherence and incoherence in EU foreign policy as our dependent variable in a first step. Coherence is understood as a principle guiding foreign policies in the EU as well as other international actors. Effectiveness is crucially linked to the principle of coherence, not only in the EU. However, the way in which the principle of coherence is implemented differs in ideal type …
Treating Words As Data With Error: Uncertainty In Text Statements Of Policy Positions, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver, Slava Mikhaylov
Treating Words As Data With Error: Uncertainty In Text Statements Of Policy Positions, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver, Slava Mikhaylov
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Political text offers extraordinary potential as a source of information about the policy positions of political actors. Despite recent advances in computational text analysis, human interpretative coding of text remains an important source of text-based data, ultimately required to validate more automatic techniques. The profession's main source of cross-national, time-series data on party policy positions comes from the human interpretative coding of party manifestos by the Comparative Manifesto Project (CMP). Despite widespread use of these data, the uncertainty associated with each point estimate has never been available, undermining the value of the dataset as a scientific resource. We propose a …
Proclaiming Trade Policy: 'Delegated Unilateral Powers' And The Limits On Presidential Unilateral Enactment Of Trade Policy, Brandon Rottinghaus, Elvin T. Lim
Proclaiming Trade Policy: 'Delegated Unilateral Powers' And The Limits On Presidential Unilateral Enactment Of Trade Policy, Brandon Rottinghaus, Elvin T. Lim
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article examines presidential proclamations on trade policy, a category of presidential unilateral power that we call delegated unilateral power that is used frequently in creating or modifying trade policy, between the period1974 and 2006 and tests the boundaries of the explanations predicted by the unilateral powers literature. We also find that the use of proclamations on trade policy is independent of the partisan balance in Congress. The use of proclamations modifying policies was the only tactic that comported with predicted actions from the unilateral presidency. Therefore, contrary to the expectations of the unilateral presidency, presidents are not unrestrained political …
Of Government, Innovation And The Social Sector: An Interview With Ngiam Tong Dow, Tong Dow Ngiam
Of Government, Innovation And The Social Sector: An Interview With Ngiam Tong Dow, Tong Dow Ngiam
Social Space
With homelessness and unemployment looming large in the 1960s, the pioneer public service team turned the situation around within a span of 10 years. Veteran civil servant Ngiam Tong Dow shares his insights from the days of coming nose-to-nose with social breakdown – a time when creative resourcefulness was the only option. Retired and with the benefit of hindsight, he shares with Social Space his thoughts on innovation, government and the way forward for the social sector.
Traditions Of Philanthropic Order, Christine Dunn Henderson
Traditions Of Philanthropic Order, Christine Dunn Henderson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Individuals act more or less simultaneously as economic agents, citizens, and participants in civil society. Their interactions and their ways of fulfilling these roles take many forms. Not all of them can be said to be self-organizing, yet in several instances patterns of organization emerge spontaneously without being deliberately designed. Of course, the market economy—or “catallaxy,” as F. A. Hayek called it—remains the best example of such “spontaneous orders.” But there are others. Gus diZerega (2000), for example, has identified science and democracy as being similarly constituted by self-referential, self-organizing (some authors prefer the term autopoietic) processes. In this paper …
Update Mental Pictures Of Rural China, Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson
Update Mental Pictures Of Rural China, Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Women in straw hats stoop over water-logged plots, working together to plant rice seedlings. A weather-worn man trudges behind an ox ploughing his family's field. Farmers throw newly harvested grain in the air so the wind can carry off the chaff. Tour buses navigate past grain carefully laid out on the black-topped road to dry. Though picturesque, these images of rural China perpetuate stereotypes of a conservative culture resistant to change - and affect public policy.
More Than A Cultural Celebration: The Politics Of Chinese New Year In Post-Suharto Indonesia, Chang Yau Hoon
More Than A Cultural Celebration: The Politics Of Chinese New Year In Post-Suharto Indonesia, Chang Yau Hoon
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In the aftermath of the May 1998 riots that forced President Suharto to step down, ethnic Chinese received unprecedented freedom to assert their long suppressed cultural and religious identity. Following the transition from assimilation to multiculturalism, for the first time in over three decades Chinese culture became more visible and ethnic Chinese could finally enjoy the freedom to celebrate Chinese New Year (Imlek) publicly. This article focuses on the politics of the re-emergent Chinese New Year celebration in the Indonesian public sphere. It demonstrates the significance of Imlek as an ethnic symbol to Chinese-Indonesians. Borrowing Hobsbawm’s concept of “invented tradition”, …
Unintended Consequences Of Repression: Alliance Formation In South Korea's Democracy Movement (1970-1979), Paul Y. Chang
Unintended Consequences Of Repression: Alliance Formation In South Korea's Democracy Movement (1970-1979), Paul Y. Chang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Research regarding the impact of repression on social movements has yielded conflicting findings; some argue that repression decreases the total quantity of protest events while others argue that it motivates protest. To move beyond this impasse, various scholars have suggested exploring how repression influences the quality of social movements. This study assesses the impact repression had on the information of alliances between different social groups participating in South Korea's democracy movement. Results from negative binomial regression analyses show that repression facilitated the formation of alliances between movement actors at a time when the overall number of protest events decreased. This …
Chinese Visions Of World Order: Post-Hegemonic Or A New Hegemony?, William A. Callahan
Chinese Visions Of World Order: Post-Hegemonic Or A New Hegemony?, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Lately, there has been increasing interest among international relations (IR) scholars in Chinese thought, both as an alternative to Eurocentric IR, and because the PRC as an emerging power will soon have the institutional power to promote its view of the world. Rather than look for suitable Chinese parallels to "international," "security," or other mainstream concepts, this article will examine the concept of "Tianxia All-under-Heaven" to understand Chinese visions of world order. Tianxia is interesting both because it was key to the governance and self-understanding of over two millennia of Chinese empire, and also because discussion of Tianxia is becoming …
Compared To What? A Comment On "A Robust Transformation Procedure For Interpreting Political Text" By Martin And Vanberg, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver
Compared To What? A Comment On "A Robust Transformation Procedure For Interpreting Political Text" By Martin And Vanberg, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In “A Robust Transformation Procedure,” Martin and Vanberg (2007, hereafter MV) propose a new method for rescaling the raw virgin text scores produced by the “Wordscores” procedure of Laver, Benoit, and Garry (2003, hereafter LBG). Their alternative method addresses two deficiencies they argue exist with the transformation of virgin text scores proposed by LBG: First, that the LBG transformation is sensitive to the selection of virgin texts, and second, that it distorts the reference metric by failing to recover the original reference scores when reference texts are scored and transformed as if they were virgin texts. Their proposed alternative is …
The Campaign Value Of Incumbency: A New Solution To The Puzzle Of Less Effective Incumbent Spending, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Marsh
The Campaign Value Of Incumbency: A New Solution To The Puzzle Of Less Effective Incumbent Spending, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Marsh
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
A puzzle in research on campaign spending is that while expenditure is positively related to votes won, this effect is far more strongly, or even exclusively, enjoyed by challengers rather than by incumbents. We unearth a new explanation for the puzzle, focusing on the hidden, yet variable, campaign value of office perquisites which incumbents deploy in their campaigns to win votes. When these variable office benefits are unobserved, then the effect is to make observed incumbent spending less effective than spending by challengers. Using data from the 2002 Irish general election, where incumbency was assigned a variable campaign value and …
Global Governance And Energy, Ann Florini
Global Governance And Energy, Ann Florini
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Energy has risen to the top of policy agendas around the world. There is now widespread recognition that energy policy has become key to international security, economic development, and the environmental sustainability of modern civilization. Yet this importance is not reflected in the world’s institutional infrastructure for managing global problems. A handful of international organizations work in uncoordinated fashion on various pieces of the energy puzzle. No organizational infrastructure exists to support the global conversation that is now badly needed about how to move the world onto a sustainable path that provides appropriate, reliable, and affordable energy services.
Barking At The Big Dogs: South Africa's Foreign Policy Towards The Middle East, Eduard Jordaan
Barking At The Big Dogs: South Africa's Foreign Policy Towards The Middle East, Eduard Jordaan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article places South Africa's foreign policy towards the Middle East in the context of the country's general foreign policy. South Africa is classified as a middle power, given its penCHANt for international 'bridge-building' and multilateralism. With regard to the Middle East, South Africa has frequently offered itself as a mediator in the region's various conflicts and continues to do so. However, the argument proposed here is that there is an 'anti-imperialist' strain in South Africa's foreign policy that renders it unlikely to be regarded as an impartial broker in the various Middle East conflicts. South Africa's middle power proclivities, …
The Evolution Of Human Rights Thinking In North Korea, Robert Weatherley, Jiyoung Song
The Evolution Of Human Rights Thinking In North Korea, Robert Weatherley, Jiyoung Song
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The official discourse of human rights in North Korea has shown signs of evolution in recent times, reflecting a variety of philosophical foundations and a need to respond to mounting criticism from the West. While Confucianism and Marxism have been key in influencing North Korean rights thinking, some of the more recent official pronouncements on rights have a distinctly nationalistic or ‘juche-oriented’ complexion. This shift in emphasis reflects the growing importance of juche to North Korea's state ideology in light of what is perceived as an increasingly hostile international environment that has confronted North Korea since the end of the …
Making Transparency Work, Ann Florini
Making Transparency Work, Ann Florini
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
A commentary on Gupta and Mason, who provide a valuable service in highlighting the complex andcontested nature of transparency as a tool of governance. In an era in which information flows and information technology play such fundamental roles, andin which norms about who has the right to know what are so rapidly changing,transparency clearly deserves its place as, in Gupta’s words, “a key concept of ourtimes.”
Growing Civil Society In Singapore, Braema Mathi
Growing Civil Society In Singapore, Braema Mathi
Social Space
After some time in the wilderness, civl society is, once again, back in favour. Braema Mathi traces the incredible journey that it has taken in Singapore and asks what the future has in store.
Sanctions Against Belarus: Normative Unintended, Clara Portela
Sanctions Against Belarus: Normative Unintended, Clara Portela
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The goals pursued by the EU vis-à-vis Belarus through its sanctions policies are unequivocally normative. The EU refers to the ‘violations of international electoral standards’ in the 2006 presidential elections and the ‘crackdown on civil society and democratic opposition’ as the primary reasons for the imposition of sanctions. The EU sanctions strategy against Belarus has followed an incrementalist logic, unfolding in parallel to the evolution of the Belarusian state towards authoritarianism.
Anarcho-Multiculturalism: The Pure Theory Of Liberalism, Chandran Kukathas
Anarcho-Multiculturalism: The Pure Theory Of Liberalism, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Most modern states today are, at least to some degree, culturally diverse.Trade, tourism, international dialogue among scholars, scientists, and artists,and the movement of skilled labor—as well as migration—have ensured thatfew countries do not contain within them significant numbers of people fromalien cultures. The one cultural minority found almost everywhere is the international frequent flyer. Many societies today are multicultural because theyare open to a diversity of peoples who come and go and, sometimes, stay.
A Trans-Tasman Business Elite?, Nicholas Harrigan, Shaun Goldfinch
A Trans-Tasman Business Elite?, Nicholas Harrigan, Shaun Goldfinch
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article examines the close relationship between the Australian and New Zealand business communities to ask whether the relationship is best characterized as simply a bi-lateral trading relationship, or whether there is evidence of the formation of a transnational business community. This article also seeks to explore the nature of Australia—NewZealand integration, and specifically the degree to which the relationship is interdependent or asymmetrical. Data are drawn from quantitative sources — including a dataset developed from the IBISWorld's Largest 2000 Enterprises in Australia and New Zealand, Who's Who in Australia, and Who's Who in Business in Australia — and qualitative …
The Eu's "Sanctions Paradox", Portela, Clara
The Eu's "Sanctions Paradox", Portela, Clara
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The forthcoming Summit meeting between the European Union (EU) and Africa next December will be the first event of this kind in the past seven years. However, the row over the participation of Zimbabwe’s President, Robert Mugabe, is casting a shadow over the upcoming event: A number of African states have threatened to boycott the meeting if Zimbabwe's leader is not invited, while the British government has indicated that it will not attend the meeting if he does. At the root of this row is an “EU sanction”: a visa ban prohibiting the entry into EU territory to Zimbabwean high-rank …
Grist For The Sceptic's Mill: Rwanda And The African Peer Review Mechanism, Eduard Jordaan
Grist For The Sceptic's Mill: Rwanda And The African Peer Review Mechanism, Eduard Jordaan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The article delves into the impact of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) to Rwanda's achievement of greater democracy and respect for political freedom. It aims to show the improbability that the APRM can influence the country due to its insufficient ability and volition to pressure further democratization and respect for political rights on Rwandan government, the APRM's optimistic view of political governance, and the APR Heads of State Forum's ratification of a program of action discounting the issues of democracy and political freedom. The author stresses that the weaknesses of APRM may be attributed to the existing reduced authorization …
Aid Suspensions As Coercive Tools? The European Union’S Experience In The African-Caribbean-Pacific (Acp) Context, Clara Portela
Aid Suspensions As Coercive Tools? The European Union’S Experience In The African-Caribbean-Pacific (Acp) Context, Clara Portela
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Since the signing of the Cotonou Agreement in 2000, the European Union (EU) has suspended development aid towards a number of African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries in response to breaches of Human Rights and democratic principles by activating the so-called Human Rights clause (article 96). The present article analyses the use by the EU of aid suspensions as political tools and their efficacy in achieving the desired policy goals, in an attempt to identify and explain the determinants leading to the success of these measures. The investigation finds that the use of development aid suspensions is frequently effective. Classical …
U.S.-Hong Kong Relations: Prospects For A Unique Partnership, Bates Gill, James T. H. Tang
U.S.-Hong Kong Relations: Prospects For A Unique Partnership, Bates Gill, James T. H. Tang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Hong Kong has survived turbulent economic, social and political changes in the past ten years since the former crown colony’s reversion to Chinese sovereignty. Following setbacks in the wake of the Asian financial crisis and the avian flu outbreak in 1997, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and several massive political demonstrations in recent years, Hong Kong’s economy has had a robust and steady rebound. Hong Kong has maintained its position as a leading business and financial hub in the Asia-Pacific region and for the world. It has continued to play a pivotal role in China’s …