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Articles 541 - 570 of 667
Full-Text Articles in Political Science
Public Accounts Committees, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst
Public Accounts Committees, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Hungary: Protection Of Ethnic Minorities And Institutional Balance, Anna Gwiazda, Kenneth Benoit
Hungary: Protection Of Ethnic Minorities And Institutional Balance, Anna Gwiazda, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
United in support for the EU constitution, the Hungarians none the less remember the past dismemberment of their country, as a result of which a significant number of Hungarian minorities live in neighboring countries. Hence, it was not surprising that the Hungarian government’s position at the IGC 2003–4 focused on the protection of minority rights, although institutional balance was also important. The only “exclusive” Hungarian proposal of the “protection of ethnic and national minorities” was supported by both the socialists and the opposition Fidesz–Hungarian Civic Party. Hungary joined the European Union on 1 May 2004. EU membership had been a …
Rights Of Culture, Rights Of Conscience, Chandran Kukathas
Rights Of Culture, Rights Of Conscience, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this contribution I take up a particularly troubling issue in the theory of human rights. It is the issue of intervention to defend or uphold — or re-assert and re-establish — human rights. The issue is a troubling one because intervention in the affairs of others is always something we should be wary of, not least because history is full of unhappy episodes of intervention, from the Spanish in the Americas to the Chinese in Tibet. Indeed, so difficult and complex are the issues raised that one might be tempted in a discussion of human rights simply to separate …
A Spatial Analysis Of The Xiii Italian Legislature, Massimiliano Landi, Riccardo Pelizzo
A Spatial Analysis Of The Xiii Italian Legislature, Massimiliano Landi, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We present a spatial map of the Italian House of Deputies during the XIII Legislature obtained by applying the Poole and Rosenthal methodology to roll call data. We estimate coordinates for almost all the 650 Deputies that were on the House’s floor at the time, and we aggregate them according to parties. We find that voting patters generate basically a two dimensional political space. The first dimension represents loyalty to either the ruling coalition or the opposing one. The second dimension is represented by the European Union. These findings are consistent with the exceptional case of the party Northern League, …
How To Understand China: The Dangers And Opportunities Of Being A Rising Power, William A. Callahan
How To Understand China: The Dangers And Opportunities Of Being A Rising Power, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
china’s situation lends itself to hyperbole. the people’s republic of china (prc) has the largest population in the world, the fastest growing economy in the world, the largest army in the world, the largest middle class in the world, a permanent seat on the united nations security council, a manned space programme, a nuclear arsenal, and so on. but analysts, commentators and policymakers have yet to decide just how to understand china.
Measuring National Delegate Positions At The Convention On The Future Of Europe Using Computerized Word Scoring, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver, Christine Arnold, Paul Pennings, Madeline O. Hosli
Measuring National Delegate Positions At The Convention On The Future Of Europe Using Computerized Word Scoring, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver, Christine Arnold, Paul Pennings, Madeline O. Hosli
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The Convention on the Future of Europe that led to the eventual drafting of an EU Constitution involved numerous political actors from many countries. Their negotiations over the constitution generated a huge volume of texts containing substantive information about their preferences for EU institutional and political outcomes. In this paper, we attempt to measure these preferences at the national party level by analysing the Convention texts using the computerized ‘word-scoring’ method for text analysis (Laver et al., 2003). For each national party whose delegates’ texts were recorded at the Convention, we estimate their positions on four political dimensions. We then …
Social Capital And Corruption: Vote Buying And The Politics Of Reform In Thailand, William A. Callahan
Social Capital And Corruption: Vote Buying And The Politics Of Reform In Thailand, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
I offer a critical view of the social capital thesis, which frequently argues that more is better (and less is worse), by examining the ethics of social capital, using Pierre Bourdieu's understanding of networks as defined by their limits. I argue that social capital only assumes conceptual coherence when distinguished from its complementary opposite. I illustrate these theoretical points with a discussion of political reform in Thailand and the 2001 general election. The election exemplifies the benefits of the circulation of social capital: voter turnout and party membership were up, and civil society was active. Yet democratic achievements in Thailand …
Estimating Party Policy Positions: Japan In Comparative Context, Michael Laver, Kenneth Benoit
Estimating Party Policy Positions: Japan In Comparative Context, Michael Laver, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This paper first reviews a number of epistemological and methodological issues relating to the estimation of party policy positions, particularly in a comparative context, with special reference to the methodology of ‘expert surveys’. It is argued that expert surveys, as systematic summaries of the views of country specialists, have a particular role in assessing the content validity of other types of estimates of party policy positions. The paper moves on to analyze the positions of Japanese political parties in a comparative context, using results from a new 47-country expert survey. Attention is paid both to the substantive policy content of …
From Academia To Diplomacy And Back, Eng Fong Pang
From Academia To Diplomacy And Back, Eng Fong Pang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Prof Pang talked about his experiences as a diplomat in South Korea and Europe during the period 1994-2002.
Mapping The Irish Policy Space: Voter And Party Spaces In Preferential Elections, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver
Mapping The Irish Policy Space: Voter And Party Spaces In Preferential Elections, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Laver
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this note we map the Irish policy space, locating both voters and parties on the most salient policy dimensions in Ireland. Estimates of the voter locations are based on the Irish National Election Survey (INES), conducted in 2002. Estimates of the party positions are based on an expert survey of party positions conducted by the authors in late 2002. We show that respondent self-placements on a priori policy scales are highly biased and difficult to interpret, and we rely instead on building scale positions for respondents from their answers to relevant attitude questions in the INES. The results provide …
How Qualitative Research Really Counts, Kenneth Benoit
How Qualitative Research Really Counts, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The main point of this essay is straightforward: The distinction between quantitative and qualitative research, when applied to empirical political analysis, is exaggerated and largely artificial. In fact, most political scientists can happily perform valid and useful research without being concerned about where they stand on the quantitative-qualitative divide. Furthermore, qualitative characterizations are often easily converted into quantitative characterizations, and many qualitative characterizations are implicitly quantitative to begin with. Finally, qualitative characterizations of the empirical world are almost always more useful when converted into quantitative ones.
The Discourse Of Vote-Buying And Political Reform In Thailand, William A. Callahan
The Discourse Of Vote-Buying And Political Reform In Thailand, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Political reform movements have grown up as part of democratic transition in many societies. Liberal political reformers typically seek to change legal and institutional mechanisms in order to "clean up" the irrationality and corruption of the regime. This essay uses the Thai case to critically examine these issues by interrogating the central role that the discourse of vote buying plays not just in Thai politics, but in the project of political reform itself. Indeed, in the 1990s vote buying turned from being one of many campaign tactics into the guiding metaphor of the "political disease" not simply of elections, but …
Neither Proximity Nor Directionality: A Subjective Approach To Issue Voting, Riccardo Pelizzo
Neither Proximity Nor Directionality: A Subjective Approach To Issue Voting, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Spatial theories of voting have provided one of the leading frameworks for the analysis of electoral competition and electoral behavior. Spatial theories assume that : (1) voters and parties have policy preferences, (2) these preferences can be represented by points in the policy space and (3) voters’ electoral choice is affected by the disposition of their own preferences and of those of political parties. For almost four decades proximity theory has been the most popular spatial theory of voting. Proximity theory suggested that voters value parties on the basis of how proximate they are to their own personal position. This …
Introduction: China, Ltd, William A. Callahan
Introduction: China, Ltd, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The study of Chinese nationalism is very popular--both in China and the West. This article introduces a special section of seven articles (four of which are in this issue) on 'The Limits of Chinese Nationalism', arguing that our understanding of nationalism in China is problematic. This special section aims to explore the limits of many of the statements about Chinese nationalism that have now become 'common sense': the rise of Chinese nationalism, nationalism filling an ideological vacuum, elites manipulating nationalism to gain legitimacy, and so on. Using critical IR theory this Introduction explores the concept of limits to argue that …
Analysis And Insights From A Dynamical Model Of Nuclear Plant Safety Risk, Stephen Hess, Alfonso M. Albano, John Gaertner
Analysis And Insights From A Dynamical Model Of Nuclear Plant Safety Risk, Stephen Hess, Alfonso M. Albano, John Gaertner
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this paper, we expand upon previously reported results of a dynamical systems model for the impact of plant processes and programmatic performance on nuclear plant safety risk. We utilize both analytical techniques and numerical simulations typical of the analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems to obtain insights important for effective risk management. This includes use of bifurcation diagrams to show that period doubling bifurcations and regions of chaotic dynamics can occur. We also investigate the impact of risk mitigating functions (equipment reliability and loss prevention) on plant safety risk and demonstrate that these functions are capable of improving risk to …
Scrutinizing Public Expenditures - Assessing The Performance Of Public Accounts Committees, Rick Stapenhurst, Vinod Sahgal, William Woodley, Riccardo Pelizzo
Scrutinizing Public Expenditures - Assessing The Performance Of Public Accounts Committees, Rick Stapenhurst, Vinod Sahgal, William Woodley, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Trust (And Social Capital) In Cultural Theory, Marco Verweij
Trust (And Social Capital) In Cultural Theory, Marco Verweij
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
A Subjective Approach To The Study Of Oligopolistic Party Systems, Riccardo Pelizzo
A Subjective Approach To The Study Of Oligopolistic Party Systems, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The purpose of this paper is to present a new theory of the cartel party. My argument is straightforward. Assuming that parties are the political analog of firms, that party systems are the political analog of markets, that the shares of the electorate are the political analog of the market shares that firms control, Western European party systems share with oligopolistic markets some structural features. Yet, to know whether Western European party systems resemble oligopolistic markets, we need to know whether Western European party systems are non-competitive political markets exactly in the same way in which oligopolistic markets are not …
Pierre Bayle's Philosophical Commentary On The Words Of Jesus Christ: Compel Them To Come In, John Kilcullen, Chandran Kukathas
Pierre Bayle's Philosophical Commentary On The Words Of Jesus Christ: Compel Them To Come In, John Kilcullen, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this defence of religious toleration, Bayle discusses the words attributed to Jesus Christ in Luke 14:23, “And the Lord said unto the servant, Go out into the highways and hedges, and compel them to come in, that my house may be full.” Bayle contends that the word compel cannot mean “force.” From this perspective, he constructs his doctrine of toleration based on the singular importance of conscience. Bayle argues that if the orthodox have the right and duty to persecute, then every sect will persecute since every sect considers itself orthodox. The result will be mutual slaughter, something God …
The Political Economy Of Polarized Pluralism, Salvatore Babones, Riccardo Pelizzo
The Political Economy Of Polarized Pluralism, Salvatore Babones, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of Sartori’s party system typology at least because, as Peter Mair recently pointed out, “there has been very little new thinking on how to classify systems since the seminal work of Sartori” (Mair, forthcoming). The first important party system taxonomy was proposed by Duverger in his Political Parties (1951). Duverger in this classic study identified three types of party systems: the one party system, the two party system and the multi-party system. By the early 1960s Sartori had become quite unhappy with this typology (Sartori, 1982). Sartori thought that both the one-party and …
Remembering The Future: Utopia, Empire And Harmony In 21st Century International Theory, William A. Callahan
Remembering The Future: Utopia, Empire And Harmony In 21st Century International Theory, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Using a comparative approach to international relations theory, this article examines how ancient ideas are being recycled to describe world order in the 21st century. In particular, it provides a thick description of three models of utopia in global politics - Great Harmony and Harmony-with-difference from China, and Empire from Hardt and Negri. Using an unexplored set of Chinese-language texts, the article first excavates how Communist Party intellectuals in China have been writing about the ancient Confucian ideal of Great Harmony as a way of promoting the Peoples Republic of Chinas role as a Great Power in the 21st century. …
The Changing Political Economy Of Party Membership, Riccardo Pelizzo
The Changing Political Economy Of Party Membership, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
A recent survey conducted in a sample of 83 countries by the Inter-Parliamentary Union in collaboration with the World Bank Institute on the “Relations between the Legislature and the Executive in the Context of Parliamentary Oversight” allows cross-national comparison for the role of legislatures in the budgetary process. One of the survey’s most significant indications is that legislatures in presidential systems are generally more involved in the preparation of the budget than legislatures in either parliamentary or semi-presidential systems. The picture, however, is very different when we look at legislatures’ oversight of the budget. Parliaments are generally more involved in …
The Changing Political Economy Of Party Membership, Riccardo Pelizzo
The Changing Political Economy Of Party Membership, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Although few scholars would dispute from an empirical point of view the fact that parties change their electoral strategies, ideological stances and organizational structures over time, there is not much agreement on how these changes, above all party organizational change, have to be understood from a theoretical point of view. This is especially true with regard to the transformations that party organizations have undergone from the early 1970s on. In fact, although party organizational changes in the past three decades have generally been considered to be signs of the so called party crisis, the agreement on this analytical perspective is …
Models Of Electoral System Change, Kenneth Benoit
Models Of Electoral System Change, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Electoral systems are commonly treated as exogenous determinants of political party systems, yet our theoretical understanding remains limited as to how these institutions themselves are determined. Part of the problem lies with the subject matter itself: electoral system change is frequently idiosyncratic, often occurring during episodes of exceptional political change. Yet another aspect of the problem is that explanations of electoral system change frequently occur piecemeal in application to specific cases, without systematic or comparative development. Addressing both problems, I first survey the existing literature to develop a comprehensive typology of explanations of electoral system change and persistence. I then …
The Eu And The Npt: Testing The New European Nonproliferation Strategy, Clara Portela
The Eu And The Npt: Testing The New European Nonproliferation Strategy, Clara Portela
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Only a few years ago, the idea that the European Union (EU) could become a significant actor in the nuclear nonproliferation regime would have met with great scepticism. An organisation comprising nuclear weapon states (NWS) along with non-nuclear weapons states (NNWS) - some of who are disarmament-minded - would have been considered incapable of framing any common response to nuclear proliferation. And yet, today we find that the EU is establishing itself as an actor in the field of nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and that it has even developed a Strategy to guide its endeavours.This article will …
The Case For Clumsiness, Michael Thompson, Marco Verweij
The Case For Clumsiness, Michael Thompson, Marco Verweij
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Most climatologists agree that by burning fossil fuels and engaging in other forms of consumption and production we are increasing the amount of greenhouse gases that float around in the atmosphere. These gases, in trapping some of the sun’s heat, warm the earth and enable life. The trouble is, some predict, that if we continue to accumulate those gases, over the course of the new century the average temperature on earth will rise and local climates will change, with possibly catastrophic consequences. Will this indeed happen? If so, should we do something about it? And if yes, what and when? …
Institutional Change And Persistence: The Evolution Of Poland's Electoral System, 1989-2001, Kenneth Benoit, Jacqueline Hayden
Institutional Change And Persistence: The Evolution Of Poland's Electoral System, 1989-2001, Kenneth Benoit, Jacqueline Hayden
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Electoral systems are uniquely distributive political institutions that shape political outcomes, yet are themselves endogenously shaped outcomes of political choices. In Poland, party system development has involved not only parties adapting to electoral institutions in each election, but also parties modifying these institutions prior to every election. We model electoral system change as driven by partisan self-interest in maximizing seat share and test it in five episodes of electoral system change in Poland from 1989 to 2001, comparing parties’ support for electoral law alternatives to their expectations of seat shares from those alternatives. Data consists of opinion polls, roll-call votes, …
Behind Closed Doors: Governmental Transparency Gives Way To Secrecy, Ann Florini
Behind Closed Doors: Governmental Transparency Gives Way To Secrecy, Ann Florini
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
A few years ago, I sat at a table in a Washington think-tank with a group of mid-level Japanese officials. They were spending several weeks in the United States on a study tour, and I was meeting with them to give a talk on governance and access to information. Japan had recently passed, but not yet implemented, a sweeping freedom of information law, and the bureaucrats were puzzled about how they were to implement it. Or even whether they should implement it. After all, as one earnest young woman asked, if the government starts giving people information, they might want …
Contextualism Reconsidered: Some Skeptical Reflections, Chandran Kukathas
Contextualism Reconsidered: Some Skeptical Reflections, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
A number of theorists have touted the merits of the contextual approach to political theory, arguing that a close examination of real-world cases is more likely to yield both theoretical insight and practical solutions to pressing problems. This is particularly evident, it is argued, in the field of multiculturalism in political theory. The present paper offers some skeptical reflections on this view, arguing the merits of a view of political theory which sees the contextual approach as less distinctive than its proponents imagine, and less useful than many would suggest. It maintains that there are serious limits to what political …
Is Global Civil Society A Good Thing?, Ann Florini
Is Global Civil Society A Good Thing?, Ann Florini
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Washingtons — Tanks in the streets of Seattle in 1999. Molotov cocktails in Prague in 2000. Gunfire in Genoa in 2001. A hundred thousand people gathering every winter in a World Social Forum to talk about how to improve the world. Global agreements on everything from human rights protections to banning weapons systems. Fifteen million people on the streets in cities around the world on a single day in 2003 to protest the Iraq war. These headlines reflect the rise of a force now so potent in world affairs that the New York Times has referred to it as “the …