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Full-Text Articles in Other Social and Behavioral Sciences

Bunuh Diri Dan Untai Problematikanya: Sebuah Rekonstruksi Teoritik Atas Bunuh Diri, Nastiti Soegeng Lestari Jul 2024

Bunuh Diri Dan Untai Problematikanya: Sebuah Rekonstruksi Teoritik Atas Bunuh Diri, Nastiti Soegeng Lestari

Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi

In Indonesia, suicide research has largely overlooked structural factors at the meso and macro levels, whether as primary causes, contributing factors, or considerations for prevention strategies. The dominance of psychological and psychiatric approaches has marginalized sociological perspectives, limiting a more holistic understanding of suicide. Existing heuristic models primarily frame suicide as a consequence of mental health disorders or economic conditions, reinforcing a dichotomy: one perspective views suicide as a psychological and/or psychiatric phenomenon, while the other treats it as a sociological fact. However, suicide encompasses a far more complex reality that transcends this binary. This study offers a comprehensive theoretical …


How Housing Insecurity And Welfare Systems Retraumatize Women In Southern California, Yesika Menera Jul 2024

How Housing Insecurity And Welfare Systems Retraumatize Women In Southern California, Yesika Menera

McNair Summer Research Program

Studies show that individuals experiencing homelessness and housing insecurity also experience trauma and mental illnesses. Despite this evidence, many resources provided through state welfare services seldom allocate sufficient funds and personnel to help address mental health. This study investigates the relationship between housing insecurity and trauma for adult women who have tried to access assistance throughout Southern California. To do this, I conducted in-depth interviews and DSM-5 questionnaires with twenty-six women during the summer of 2023 and 2024 via Zoom. My findings show that adult women who have experienced homelessness and housing insecurity in Southern California were more susceptible to …


Social Media For Pr In University: Building Community And Engagement, Ajenk N. Citra, Intan Primadini, Pijar Suciati Jul 2024

Social Media For Pr In University: Building Community And Engagement, Ajenk N. Citra, Intan Primadini, Pijar Suciati

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

Public relations and stakeholder engagement at universities have been transformed by social media. According to several studies, colleges are using social media more and more to share information, advertise events, and project a positive image. Some claim, however, that colleges have not fully embraced the participatory features of social media and instead use it as a "spectator sport" for one-way communication. This study aims to analyze how social media helps build community and engagement for public relations purposes in the university. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method. Data are collected through interviews and then …


Enhancing Credibility And Fairness: A Qualitative Study Of Transparent Judging In The Festival Film Indonesia, Ngurah Rangga Wiwesa, Wan Hartini Wan Zainodin Dr, Dzaa Imma Abdul Latiff Jul 2024

Enhancing Credibility And Fairness: A Qualitative Study Of Transparent Judging In The Festival Film Indonesia, Ngurah Rangga Wiwesa, Wan Hartini Wan Zainodin Dr, Dzaa Imma Abdul Latiff

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

The implementation of a transparent judging process is vital for the credibility of the Festival Film Indonesia (FFI). Clear evaluation criteria, including aspects like theme, originality, technical execution, and cultural impact, should be publicly accessible to foster trust in the system. A diverse jury pool, comprising established filmmakers, rising talents, regional representatives, and experts in various film aspects, is essential to ensure a balanced perspective and reduce bias. Strengthening FFI's credibility also involves a robust nomination and selection process, with preliminary screenings by specialized committees to ensure high-quality contenders. Ensuring the judging process is free from undue influence through measures …


The Relationship Between Planning Process And Job Satisfaction Of Part-Time Personnel, Saskia Azalia, Ali Araafi Akbar Jul 2024

The Relationship Between Planning Process And Job Satisfaction Of Part-Time Personnel, Saskia Azalia, Ali Araafi Akbar

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

This research investigates the part-time Human Resource Planning process at the Indonesia International Motor Show (IIMS) 2022 event organized by PT Dyandra Promosindo, alongside the job satisfaction levels of the Human Resources during their tenure. Employing a qualitative approach, we utilized methods such as direct field observations, interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires (surveys) to assess Human Resource performance. The findings indicate that the part-time Human Resource Planning process at PT Dyandra Promosindo encompasses forecasting requirements, identifying the requisite number of Human Resources, determining Human Resource needs, training (briefing), and monitoring and controlling. The job satisfaction levels of the Human …


Digital Marketing Strategies For The Jakarta International Handicraft Trade Fair (Inacraft), Ranisya Yasfiani Syafira, Poeti Gladyzka Emiria Jul 2024

Digital Marketing Strategies For The Jakarta International Handicraft Trade Fair (Inacraft), Ranisya Yasfiani Syafira, Poeti Gladyzka Emiria

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

Nowadays, digital marketing is crucial for companies to advertise products or services via digital media or platforms, allowing them to reach a broader audience through the internet. Numerous companies implement digital marketing strategies; one such firm is PT Mediatama Binakreasi. This study examines digital marketing metrics such as expenditure, bidirectional communication, incentive programs, and website design. It also investigates the digital marketing practices employed for the INACRAFT 2023 event by the Marketing Communication division at PT Mediatama Binakreasi. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interaction with existing metrics, identify digital marketing forms, and analyze the content creation …


Exploring Urban Tourism Potential Through Placemaking: A Case Study Of Pluit Muara-Angke, Jakarta, Yvonne Maura Agatha, Lydia Freyani Hawadi Jul 2024

Exploring Urban Tourism Potential Through Placemaking: A Case Study Of Pluit Muara-Angke, Jakarta, Yvonne Maura Agatha, Lydia Freyani Hawadi

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

The potential of Jakarta as a tourist attraction, particularly in urban tourism, continues to expand in line with the city's unceasing developments. Consequently, the Jakarta Provincial Tourism and Creative Economy Agency (Disparekraf) has implemented a program to establish Jakarta as an appealing and competitive urban tourism destination within the region. To achieve this vision, the government issued a mandate under Regional Strategic Activities (KSD) No. 70 regarding the Development of Jakarta Tourism Areas/Destinations, focusing primarily on the activation of urban tourism across the five municipalities of Jakarta. For North Jakarta, the designated area is the Pluit-Muara Angke area. This paper …


Identifying Promotion Strategies For Warungboto Tourism Village, Amri Nur Yahya, Haris Aulia Rahman Jul 2024

Identifying Promotion Strategies For Warungboto Tourism Village, Amri Nur Yahya, Haris Aulia Rahman

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

Yogyakarta has about 17 tourist villages, each with its own unique potential as a tourist attraction. One of them is Warungboto Tourism Village, a village in the city of Yogyakarta that is currently used as a tourist destination, featuring four primary concepts: learning, art, culture, and history. However, as the village is relatively unknown due to a lack of promotion by its management. The local government and related tourism agencies should assist in promoting Warungboto Tourism Village as a tourist attraction. This promotion could help diversify tourist experiences and combat tourist fatigue, enhancing the appeal alongside other tourism sites. Additionally, …


Strategic Directions For Developing Smart Tourism: A Policy Framework By The Ministry Of Tourism And Creative Economy, Cintaku Hening Telaga Wibowo, Nusaiba Adzilla Jul 2024

Strategic Directions For Developing Smart Tourism: A Policy Framework By The Ministry Of Tourism And Creative Economy, Cintaku Hening Telaga Wibowo, Nusaiba Adzilla

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

As the epicenter of Indonesia's government and economy, Jakarta is expected to spearhead the growth of the tourism industry. To meet this expectation in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and the era of digitalization, Jakarta’s tourism sector must be bolstered by various ICT applications. These applications are crucial for enhancing both the city's tourism competitiveness and the visitor experience. The concept of a "Smart Tourism City" has gained traction as a means to achieve these objectives. This concept focuses on smart tourist governance in terms of attractiveness, accessibility, readiness for digitalization, sustainability, and fostering partnerships. This study aims …


Effects Of Perceived Supervisor And Peer Support On Training Transfer For Frontline Registered Nurses, Carly Penn Jul 2024

Effects Of Perceived Supervisor And Peer Support On Training Transfer For Frontline Registered Nurses, Carly Penn

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceived supervisor support as well as perceived peer support on training transfer behavior outcomes for frontline nursing staff in post-COVID 19 technology-mediated training environments.

This study was guided by the following primary research question: what effect does training delivery, perceived supervisor support, and perceived peer support have on training transfer behavior? The secondary question to further examination of these variables is: How do these factors interact to enhance or inhibit transfer in the context of nurse training?

This study sampled U.S. based registered nurses trained in COVID-19 related protocols. …


Cyclical Interest In Entrepreneurship And The Virginia Economy, Daniel Farhat Jul 2024

Cyclical Interest In Entrepreneurship And The Virginia Economy, Daniel Farhat

Journal of Business & Entrepreneurship

This study uses keyword search data from Google to construct an index representing broad interest in entrepreneurship in Virginia. Dynamic correlations are evaluated to identify how short-term movements in the index relate to employment and earnings, leading economic indicators, home prices and business applications. Results support opportunity-driven mindsets in the labor market but not in the real estate market. The index is shown to have some economic prediction power, and is capable of producing new insights compared to data from actual business activity. This study highlights the role entrepreneurial interest may play in policy and lays the groundwork for further …


Sri Hayagriva Stotra An In Depth Analysis, Vasudevan V Jul 2024

Sri Hayagriva Stotra An In Depth Analysis, Vasudevan V

Theses and Dissertations

ŚRĪ HAYAGRĪVA is a benevolent avatar of Śrī Mahāviṣnu. He is worshiped as the God of knowledge and wisdom. He is an eternal avatar of Śrī Mahāviṣnu and there have been many studies on him done in the past by eminent scholars all over the world. Swāmi Śrī Deśika is a Sri Vaiṣṇava Acharya who has written many philosophical as well as religious and poetical works in several languages including Sanskrit, Manipravālam, Tamil, and Prākṛt. Svāmi Vedānta Deśika received the grace of Śrī Hayagrīva and was blessed with knowledge and wisdom. He then composed ŚRĪ HAYAGRĪVA STOTRA with thirty-three stanzas …


The Hidden Impact Of Sociocultural Determinants In Adolescence, Lauren B. Robins, Nicholas Schmoyer, Atiya Smith, Krystal L. Clemons, Jill Kivikoski Jul 2024

The Hidden Impact Of Sociocultural Determinants In Adolescence, Lauren B. Robins, Nicholas Schmoyer, Atiya Smith, Krystal L. Clemons, Jill Kivikoski

Journal of Human Services Scholarship and Interprofessional Collaboration

This study, guided by the Social Determinants of Health framework and Social Ecological Model, examined how SDOH impact the presence of anxiety during adolescence. This study set out to understand what sociocultural determinants predict anxiety, using the 2018 National Survey of Children’s Health dataset. The analysis included a logistic regression to determine the predictability of SDOH on anxiety in adolescence. The results indicated that various SDOH are significant predictors of anxiety, while also indicating that the absence of adverse SDOH predicts the lack of anxiety. Further, unique findings related to race/ethnicity, age, and gender set the stage for additional research …


Bracketed Assessments In Behavioral Gerontology: Evaluating Preference With Present And Absent Stimuli, Flavia Eduarda Del Castillo Troche Jul 2024

Bracketed Assessments In Behavioral Gerontology: Evaluating Preference With Present And Absent Stimuli, Flavia Eduarda Del Castillo Troche

Theses and Dissertations

The present study evaluated the use of bracketed assessments to assess the activity preference of three individuals with dementia. The study proposed an alternative method to traditional stimulus preference assessments, to bridge the gap in behavior analytical literature within behavioral gerontology. Thus, bracketed assessments were conducted using two presentation methods, verbal plus visual presentation and verbal-only presentation. Results suggested that while participants showed consistency within low preferred activity selection in the bracketed assessment, variability was observed among participants’ preferences for high and moderate preferred activities. Both presentation methods yield similar selection results for one participant, however, the other two participants …


A Comprehensive Analysis Of How Pet Ownership Impacts The Experiences And Well-Being Of Homeless Individuals, Alexandra G. Watson, Nancy A. Dreschel Jun 2024

A Comprehensive Analysis Of How Pet Ownership Impacts The Experiences And Well-Being Of Homeless Individuals, Alexandra G. Watson, Nancy A. Dreschel

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

This paper conducts a thorough examination of the relationship between pet ownership and homelessness. In a context where homelessness in the United States is a growing concern, we delve into an aspect that has received little attention: how homeless individuals and their pets interact. Through an extensive review of existing research, this paper aims to uncover the demographic characteristics of homeless pet owners and understand the significant effects of this bond. Our findings reveal that homeless individuals with pets come from diverse backgrounds, including various ages, genders, and racial backgrounds. Their pets provide not only companionship but also emotional support, …


Neuroscience And Organizational Trust: Biological Mechanisms For Enhanced Learning, Rob E. Carpenter Jun 2024

Neuroscience And Organizational Trust: Biological Mechanisms For Enhanced Learning, Rob E. Carpenter

Human Resource Development Faculty Publications and Presentations

Individual representations of trust are deeply rooted in individual consciousness and serve as significant cognitive constraints, influenced by neural processes and psychiatric factors. This paper aims to highlight the often overlooked or under-operationalized role of human trust's biological agency within the context of organizational learning. From a psychiatric and neuroscience perspective, the paper proposes that through intentional management practices, the biological agency of trust, mediated by neural mechanisms, can act as a proxy for organizational learning. It suggests that adopting a more scientific approach to management, informed by an understanding of neural and psychiatric underpinnings, can enhance employee trust from …


Asset-Building Policy And Black Reparations: Effective Delivery And Wealth Accumulation, Trina R. Shanks, Jin Huang, William Elliott, Haotian Zheng, Margaret M. Clancy, Michael Sherraden Jun 2024

Asset-Building Policy And Black Reparations: Effective Delivery And Wealth Accumulation, Trina R. Shanks, Jin Huang, William Elliott, Haotian Zheng, Margaret M. Clancy, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

Discussions of reparations focus on who should pay reparations, who should receive them, and how much should be paid, but there is much less consideration of the delivery design. Drawing upon children’s account research, particularly evidence from the SEED for Oklahoma Kids experiment, and insights from the implementation of Child Development Account (CDA) policies, this brief summarizes options for delivering reparations, discusses the policy model for delivering CDAs, and elaborates that model’s implications for the structure of a reparations policy.

For a fuller treatment of these matters, see “A Policy Platform to Deliver Black Reparations: Building on Evidence from Child …


Relational Dynamics Following Divorce: Evaluation Of An Online Co-Parent Education Program, J. Kale Monk Jun 2024

Relational Dynamics Following Divorce: Evaluation Of An Online Co-Parent Education Program, J. Kale Monk

Journal of Extension

I sought to investigate the potential efficacy of an online divorce and co-parent education program. Across 9-years of evaluation data for the Focus on Kids online program, participants (N = 6,679) reported a high degree of program satisfaction. According to pre-post test reports, average knowledge of how to support children across the divorce transition increased. Participants also increased in their intention to avoid engaging in behaviors that are distressing for children. Overall, this study provides evidence for the efficacy of online divorce education and provides support for the advancement of online programming as a promising avenue for Extension more …


Cni Combined Variables Dataset, Kahlib Fischer Jun 2024

Cni Combined Variables Dataset, Kahlib Fischer

Faculty Publications and Presentations

Overview:

This data represents county-wide data for every state in the United States in an attempt to measure the presence and impact of social capital and local community health (as defined by covenantal noncentralization) on community challenges.

Predictor Variables (Covenantal Noncentralization):

  • 2 Parent Percentage
  • Religious Adherence
  • Social Associations
  • Charitable Deduction
  • Institutional Governance

Outcome Variables (Community Challenges):

  • Tragic Deaths
  • STD Rates
  • Unemployment
  • Child Poverty
  • Dropout Rate

The spreadsheet consists of the following tabs:

  • Raw Data: all data, predictor and outcome, for every county in the United States
  • CNI-Z: Z score conversions for all Predictor Variables as discussed above
  • Comm …


Women Police Chiefs: A Self-Perception Of Women Officers In Law Enforcement, Tianshi Hao, Jesse Llamas, Kayleigh Axtell, Anshu Lal, Michael Llamas, Mira Fadel, Amor Roma Jun 2024

Women Police Chiefs: A Self-Perception Of Women Officers In Law Enforcement, Tianshi Hao, Jesse Llamas, Kayleigh Axtell, Anshu Lal, Michael Llamas, Mira Fadel, Amor Roma

Education Division Scholarship

A large body of literature substantiates women’s difficulties integrating into all levels of law enforcement. To understand the experiences of women police officers in the force, and to understand how law enforcement leaders view the role of women in leadership positions, this study focused on the perception of six women police officers–specifically, women police chiefs towards women who already assumed leadership positions, overcame challenges entering law enforcement and advancing into leadership positions, and collected their input on organizational decisions, policy, and recruitment of women officers. This study employs a qualitative phenomenological methodology and interviews six women police chiefs in depth. …


Prosodic Marking Of Focus In Autistic And Neurotypical Adults, Nishtha N. Trivedi Jun 2024

Prosodic Marking Of Focus In Autistic And Neurotypical Adults, Nishtha N. Trivedi

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Purpose: This study investigates how adult autistic speakers compare with neurotypical speakers in the manipulation of prosody to mark narrow and contrastive focus in American English. In particular, it explores whether the two groups differ in terms of pitch accent status, pitch accent type, and overall nuclear contour patterns in focus marking.

Methods: We conducted an experiment eliciting speech from autistic and neurotypical adults in which we compared their use of pitch accent in answers to wh-questions and in corrective statements.

Results: We found neurotypical speakers to primarily use H* to mark narrow focus on subjects and L+H* to mark …


A Comparison Of The Islamophobic Experiences Of The Female Convert And Immigrant Muslims In America, Aliaa Dawoud Jun 2024

A Comparison Of The Islamophobic Experiences Of The Female Convert And Immigrant Muslims In America, Aliaa Dawoud

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This study compares the Islamophobic experiences of female converts and immigrants in America. It is based on interviews with a total of thirteen women, six Muslim born ones and seven converts. Both groups included hijabis and non-hijabis. Unlike most other studies, in which the converts are mostly or exclusively converts from Christianity, two of the interviewees were converts from Judaism while another one was a convert from a Christian/Buddhist/atheist background.

This study argues that Islamophobia is primarily manifested in the form of pervasive everyday racism that is levied at both female converts and immigrants alike, largely in the form of …


Voices Of Experience: Lay Perspectives On Severe Maternal Morbidity In Appalachia, Anna Hansen, Cassidy Carter, Nancy Schoenberg, Carrie B. Oser Jun 2024

Voices Of Experience: Lay Perspectives On Severe Maternal Morbidity In Appalachia, Anna Hansen, Cassidy Carter, Nancy Schoenberg, Carrie B. Oser

UK CARES Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


The Role Of Micrornas On Systemic And Central Nervous System- Inflammation In Aged Mice, Anik Banerjee Jun 2024

The Role Of Micrornas On Systemic And Central Nervous System- Inflammation In Aged Mice, Anik Banerjee

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

MicroRNAs play a crucial role in multiple biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and cell death. Aberrant regulation of microRNAs is seen in many diseases, such as sepsis, cardiovascular disease, neurological diseases such as stroke, and metabolic disorders. Because of their involvement in disease processes, microRNAs have been investigated as both potential biomarkers, and as therapeutic targets. Age-related inflammatory diseases including diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis are important risk factors for infection and sepsis. Intestinal barrier impairment occurs with aging and after brain injuries, including stroke. Both aging and stroke increase the risk of infection and sepsis and are …


Stand By, I'M Getting Ready., Mina Kim Jun 2024

Stand By, I'M Getting Ready., Mina Kim

Masters Theses

This thesis introduces a tangible user experience featuring wearable and portable items designed to allow anonymity while fostering social interaction. Covering one layer on one’s eyes and allowing for gradual removal, these items humorously transcend social norms, functioning as conduits for expressing inner emotions through an external action of signaling.

Inspired by the absence of physical-world boundaries akin to digital ‘Do Not Disturb’ modes, the research delves into crafting user experiences that safeguard personal boundaries in face-to-face interactions. It targets the apprehension felt in unfamiliar group settings and the impact of external stimuli on personal comfort. The research endeavors to …


A Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Examination Of The Impact Of Graduate Student Loan Balances On Overall Quality Of Life Among Clinical Psychologists With Psyd Degrees, Lekai James Jun 2024

A Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Examination Of The Impact Of Graduate Student Loan Balances On Overall Quality Of Life Among Clinical Psychologists With Psyd Degrees, Lekai James

Dissertations

Graduate student loan debt in psychology, particularly for those with Doctorate in Psychology (PsyD) degrees in clinical psychology, is highly problematic. Previous research has shown that student loan debt negatively impacts quality of life (QOL) by affecting subjective well-being (SWB) and life satisfaction (LS). This study used a convergent parallel mixed method approach, guided by bottom-up spillover theory and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, to explore the relationship between QOL and total graduate student loan balances, as well as the effects of income and monthly student loan payments on QOL among PsyD graduates. Participants (N = 16) completed a survey with …


A Review Of Socially Responsible Hrm Practices In The Lebanese Healthcare Sector, Maya Issam Houri, Abdul Rahman Beydoun May 2024

A Review Of Socially Responsible Hrm Practices In The Lebanese Healthcare Sector, Maya Issam Houri, Abdul Rahman Beydoun

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

This study reviews the existing literature on Socially Responsible Human Resource Management practices on both nurses' performance and their intention to stay which constitute important factors of nurses’ decisions to stay in the healthcare sector in Lebanon. It also focuses on the current knowledge about existing literature in socially responsible HRM. This literature review highlights on the current knowledge about the determinant factor and the importance of socially responsible HRM practices and key outcomes for nurses. It suggests that socially responsible HRM practices, covering initiatives such as training, performance evaluation, compensation, work-family balance and occupational health and safety practices, may …


Teacher Beliefs And Experiences Addressing Healthy Racial And Ethnic Identity Instructionally Through Social Emotional Learning, Juliana Gutierrez May 2024

Teacher Beliefs And Experiences Addressing Healthy Racial And Ethnic Identity Instructionally Through Social Emotional Learning, Juliana Gutierrez

Theses and Dissertations

Children and youth develop within an ecological context that includes family, peers, and broader social environments including school. Children’s understanding of their ethnic or racial group and the meaning they attribute to belonging in that group is also shaped by interactions in their school environment. Most research on school-based social-emotional learning (SEL) programs has focused on student behavioral and academic outcomes. However, as SEL spreads across U.S. K-12 schools, questions have emerged surrounding how children from diverse racial and cultural groups and unequal opportunity can benefit from universal SEL programs. Using a mixed-methods design, this study explores teachers’ understanding and …


Child Savings Accounts And Other Tax-Advantaged Accounts Benefiting American Children: Testimony Before The U.S. Senate Committee On Finance, William Elliott May 2024

Child Savings Accounts And Other Tax-Advantaged Accounts Benefiting American Children: Testimony Before The U.S. Senate Committee On Finance, William Elliott

Center for Social Development Research

This Perspective presents testimony given by Dr. William Elliott during “Child Savings Accounts and Other Tax-Advantaged Accounts Benefiting American Children,” a hearing before the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance, on May 21, 2024. Noting findings from children’s account research―including findings from the SEED for Oklahoma Kids experiment conducted by the Center for Social Development―Dr. Elliott discusses the 401Kids Savings Account Act and the American Opportunity Accounts Act, as well as proposals for Child Savings Accounts, Baby Bonds, Child Development Accounts.


Understanding Ethical Leadership In Intelligence: Themes In Accountability, Self-Development, And Communication Among Cia Leaders, Caroline Walsh May 2024

Understanding Ethical Leadership In Intelligence: Themes In Accountability, Self-Development, And Communication Among Cia Leaders, Caroline Walsh

Dissertations

This dissertation elucidates the concept of ethical leadership within the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Based on interviews with ten former senior-level officers from across different departments, the study analyzes how these leaders understand issues of accountability, self-development, and communication. The research also provides insights into their processes of sense-making and their methodologies for fostering ethical conduct amidst the complexities of intelligence operations.

Against the backdrop of the CIA's mission, structure, and norms, the study sheds light on the challenges and tensions inherent in the organization's operations. Through a thematic analysis of participant narratives, themes of moral cognition, personal values, and …