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On The Dutch Expletive And Related Syntactic Problems, Kornelis J. Boot

Theses and Dissertations

In his Über das niederländische Adverbialpronomen 'er' Bech argues that the subject expletive of Dutch is inserted when the NP subject has an indefinite article. Bech also claims that the subjective expletive is a local subject and not a logical subject.

This thesis proposes that the use of the subject expletive cannot be based upon a traditional structuralist concept. The author rejects some of Bech's claims and argues for a semantic distinction between definiteness and non-definiteness as a basis for expletive insertion. An attempt is also made to apply the same distinction in accounting for the use of het with …

Syntactic Combinations Of Verbs In Lakota Sioux (Teton Dakota), Michael Robert Scott

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis is to explain the differences among syntactic combinations of verbs in Lakota Sioux (Teton Dakota). The thesis at first examines the literature on combinations of verbs in Lakota. Thereafter criteria for distinguishing morphological combinations of verbs (compounds) and syntactic combinations of verbs are set forth. The criteria are: potential for replacement, regularity of meaning, and potential for variation in inflection. The emphasis of the thesis is on the classification of syntactic combinations of verbs which it proposes.

The classification contains six classes, two of which are subdivided. The classification is based on the interaction of …

The Design And Evaluation Of A Course In Conversational Indonesian, Marit Ann Kana

Theses and Dissertations

Of the language learning materials which already exist on Indonesian, the language of nearly one hundred million people in Malaysia and the Republic of Indonesia, none is particularly suited for fieldworkers--that is, whose whose interest in the language is more practical than academic, whose intent is to live and work in Indonesia for an extended period of time. Fieldworkers need to develop the communicational skills of listening and speaking over those of reading and writing. They also need to learn the speech level which is most appropriate for foreigners. In Indonesia this is a formal language style, one which shows …

Switch-Reference In Seri, Mary B. Moser

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction, "Several recent papers have presented data on switch-reference (subject-change markers) in certain of the Yuman languages. The first article dealing with the subject in general is Jacobsen's "Switch-Reference in Hokan-Coahuiltecan", in which he reports the feature as present in Washo and Kashaya (Southwestern Pomo) but absent in certain other Hokan languages. Winter states that "switch-reference signaled by -m must be reconstructed for Proto-Yuman." As for Proto-Hokan, he believes that we must admit to the possibility that an independent development of switch-reference occurred in various member languages. He considers the likelihood "utterly remote" that a Proto-Hokan switch-reference device …

English-Khmer Medical Dictionary, Sally E. Keller

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

This thesis is a study in lexicography in the form of a bilingual medical dictionary, containing approximately 1,500 entries. The methodology followed in this study was mainly first-hand field work in conjunction with native speakers of Khmer in the country of Cambodia for a period of over one year (including several months in Thailand), eliciting glosses and compiling definitions in the Cambodian (Khmer) language of English medical terms to be studied by Cambodian nursing students. The thesis also includes in introduction and conclusion presenting, defending, and evaluating facets of the project and the finished work, as an aid to other …

A Sketch Of Seri Verb Morphophonemics, Stephen A. Marlett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction, "The analysis presented in this paper is based primarily on a body of data comprising seven allomorphic prefixes and a representative number of verb stems listed in their third person singular forms. An earlier, unpublished structural analysis of the same data yielded four ad hoc verb root classes, three of which were divided into subclasses. Even then, certain of the verb root sets did not fit the classification.

"This analysis was done within the generative framework and was especially designed to account for the verb paradigms given in Tables A-E. Any data that may seem to be …

Lalana Chinantec Y-. Why?, Robert L. Mugele

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "This paper describes the most significant segmental morphophonemic processes in the verb stems of Lalana Chinantec (LC). This paper also deals with questions which might be raised concerning the original phonemic analysis (Rensch 1955:455-63)."

An Overview Of Stiêng Grammar, Vera Grace Miller

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

This overview of Stiêng, a Mon-Khmer language of Vietnam, was prepared from analysis of narrative text material and without the aid of a native speaker of Stiêng. It is, therefore limited in depth as far as the semantic properties of Stiêng are concerned.

The overview is presented in a restricted tagmemic model, describing mostly the occurrence and co-occurence of various tagmemes. Clause and sentence structure are briefly described, but major emphasis is on verb and noun phrases.

A section applying 'Case Grammar' as interpreted by Longacre and restricted to the Instrumental case gives some indication as to other features of …

Front Matter For Sil-Und Work Papers Vol. 20 (1976)

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

A Phonological Reconstruction Of Proto-East-Katuic, Dorothy M. Thomas

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

The principal problem in the historical reconstruction of Proto Mon-Khmer is the great diversity between the modern descendants. This paper proposes to simplify that problem by reconstructing the East-Katuic branch of the Mon-Khmer family.

Three languages are compared: Brou, Pacoh, and Katu. Because of gaps in the cognate lists, both Brou and Pacoh had to be used as witnesses for the sub-family of Brou-Pacoh.

[Lists of vowels and consonants that are reconstructed herein.]

The main outline of the phonemic system of Proto-East-Katuic is clear. The remaining problems, involving further work on the vowels, pre-syllables, and final stops, can no doubt …

Copy-Raising In Koine Greek, Stephen A. Marlett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

This thesis deals with a phenomenon of Koine Greek known in traditional grammars as prolepsis or attraction. Though occurrences of prolepsis have not been ignored in the past, modern linguistic theory in general and relational grammar in particular have much to contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon. This thesis proposes that one major type of proleptic construction results from the application of the rule COPY-RAISING in the derivation of a sentence. COPY-RAISING claims that any noun phrase that is a constituent of a complement clause may be duplicated or copied, the copy being then raised into the clause of …

Difference Coefficients For Determining Dialect Relatedness, Robert E. Larsen

Theses and Dissertations

This paper presents a method of determining the degree of relatedness of the dialects of a language based on "difference coefficients" which are determined by assigning number values to the degree of feature difference between lexical items on survey word lists. Then a tentative phonological reconstruction of the Proto language from which the dialects are descended was done using 100 utterances on a standard survey word list in each of the ten dialects. The reconstruction is very tentative because of the limited amount of data available in each dialect.

A family tree was prepared using the innovations that various dialects …

A Natural Phonology And Morphophonemics Of Chimalapa Zoque, Lyle M. Knudson Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis describes, by means of a modified natural phonological model, the phonological component of the Chimalapa Zoque language spoken in southern Mexico. An analysis of the processes occurring in the production of Zoque speech has resulted in the conclusion that a system of interrelated hierarchically-ordered rules and processes exist which generate the speech output of a native Zoque speaker. Four distinct sets of phonological rules are described herein. Morphophonemic rules are those applied earlier to an abstract underlying form due to their grammatical conditioning and more radical changes. Following those rules are the careful speech allophonic processes which are …

A New Look At New Nodes: Scope Of Predication And Surface Structure Parsing In Natural Language, Lon Diehl

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

This paper is an attempt to point out, however sketchily, a striking distribution of order regularities in the non-argument material of strings in natural language surface structure. A tentative attempt is made to provide for this apparently diverse range of related phenomena a unitary characterization.

Lexical Recycling In Chewa Discourse: Aspects Of Linguistic Form And Function In The Surface Realization Of A Narrative Organizational Model, Ernst R. Wendland

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "The limitations of a purely linguistic description of an oral performance [...] do not deny the fact that careful linguistic studies can perform a valuable service in the exposition of both the form and meaning of the total communicative complex. It is the purpose of this paper, then, to substantiate that claim by applying a number of the insights and techniques of discourse analysis procedures [...] to a selected group of Chewa narratives. Each of these stories features an organizational model which is quite common among the Bantu-speaking peoples of Central and South Africa. Essentially, this model …

Evidence For Raising In Koine Greek, Stephen A. Marlett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "Research in generative grammar has uncovered two types of rules. Some have been found to operate in numerous totally unrelated languages and so they have been called universal rules. Others are limited to individual languages or language families and supply the more superficial aspects of word and sentence form of that particular language. These are called language-specific rules.

"In Section 2 of this paper I will illustrate how this theory can be helpful in explaining English sentences. Having done that, I will then argue the same for Koine Greek."

Space Case: Some Principles And Their Implications Concerning Linear Order In Natural Language, Lon Diehl

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "I hope that [...] the reader will be able to follow and will find profit in this attempt to penetrate through some deep regularities of ordering in linguistic representations (deep and shallow trees and strings) to the cognitive principles which seem to underlie them."

Nasalization In Sharanahua, Eugene E. Loos

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "The nasalization of vowels in Sharanahua can be explained on the basis of consonants present in the underlying form of the morphemes, but the underlying consonants are not always nasal consonants. The explanation proposed here for oral consonants producing nasal vowels exploits the notion of sequential constraint rules ordered among or after other phonological rules."

Three Different Predicate Relationships That Underlie Some Surface Structure Possessives In English, Eugene E. Loos

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Front Matter For Sil-Und Work Papers Vol. 19 (1975)

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Subordinating And Coordinating Particles In Lakhota, Wolfgang Corduan

Theses and Dissertations

In her Dakota Texts Ella Deloria appears to be using cha and chanke interchangeably. The goal of this paper is to show that the difference lies in the realm of subordination. For this purpose other languages have been examined to detect how subordination is marked in them. Both German and English are shown to mark subordinate clauses overtly, but Lakhota markers are not so apparent. Subordination is formally defined in a Generative Semantic framework and pertinent works on Lakhota grammar are reviewed. The solution implied by Boas and Deloria that cha is a subordinator is accepted and proven to be …

Text Vs. Dictionary Letter Frequencies For Primers, Kenneth D. Smith

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction, "The following enquiry [...] gives greater insight into Sedang phonemics, may have application to other languages, and may clarify a theoretical point in regard to frequency counts."

A Proposed Structural Model, David D. Thomas

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Mikasuki Verb Prefixes, David West

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Serial Verbs In Surinam Creoles, George L. Huttar

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "Williams (1971) has pointed out some specific resemblances between Krio and the Kwa languages of West Africa with regard to [the above] constructions. The obvious conclusion that one is tempted to draw is an answer to a question about origins, namely, Krio must have aquired this set of syntactic features from the influence of Kwa languages. Whether that is the correct evaluation of the resemblance between Krio and Kwa, however, must be determined by the answers to some other questions, such as the following:

• How widespread are identical or similar constructions in other [pidgins and creoles]?
• How …

A Computer Analysis Of Vietnam Language Relationships, Kenneth D. Smith

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Number In The Mikasuki Verb Stem, David West

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

A Note On English Plural Formation, Richard Rhodes

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Magindanao Penultimate Vowels, Jerry Eck

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction, "Earlier phonemic analysis of Magindanao (Eck, Ms) has shown that four vowels [...] can be contrasted in stressed and unstressed ante-penultimate and ultimate syllables. This paper discusses the vowel contrasts in stressed and unstressed penultimate syllables."

Batteries At Other Ranks, David D. Thomas

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "The structure and use of transformational batteries and paradigms at the clause rank (clause level) has been discussed for ten years (see bibliography in Thomas 1973). It has been becoming steadily more apparent that the theory is relevant also to other ranks besides the clause. This paper is a preliminary presentation of transformational batteries and paradigms at other ranks."