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Articles 331 - 360 of 696
Full-Text Articles in Linguistics
Does Measuring L2 Utterance Fluency Equal Measuring Overall L2 Proficiency? Evidence From Five Languages, Wendy Baker-Smemoe, Dan Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Rob A. Martinsen
Does Measuring L2 Utterance Fluency Equal Measuring Overall L2 Proficiency? Evidence From Five Languages, Wendy Baker-Smemoe, Dan Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Rob A. Martinsen
Faculty Publications
The current study examined the relationship between overall second language (L2) proficiency and utterance fluency measures for several L2s in order to determine whether utterance measures can be used to predict L2 proficiency. The study measured the speech rate, number of hesitations, number and length of pauses, number and length of runs, and number of false starts using excerpts from 126 ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPIs) spoken by 86 participants. Forty of the participants provided pre‐ and post‐OPI speech samples, which also allowed examination of changes over time. All 86 participants were native English speakers who spoke L2 French, German, …
Variables Affecting L2 Gains During Study Abroad, Wendy Baker-Smemoe, Dan Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Rob A. Martinsen
Variables Affecting L2 Gains During Study Abroad, Wendy Baker-Smemoe, Dan Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Rob A. Martinsen
Faculty Publications
Second language (L2) gains during study abroad have been related to several variables including length of stay (Llanes, 2011), language use (Martinsen, Baker, Dewey, Bown, & Johnson, 2010), and social network development (Isabelli‐ García, 2006), among others. However, most studies have investigated only a few predictors in single study abroad programs. While these findings are helpful, larger scale studies are needed to better understand the variables that contribute to L2 gains across several different cultures and learner groups. The current study examines predictors of L2 gain of more than 100 native English speakers who participated in study abroad in Mexico, …
Finding Genealogy Facts With Linguistic Analysis, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Peter Lindes, David W. Embley
Finding Genealogy Facts With Linguistic Analysis, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Peter Lindes, David W. Embley
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Student Achievement And French Sentence Repetition Test Scores, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Benjamin J. Millard
Student Achievement And French Sentence Repetition Test Scores, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Benjamin J. Millard
Faculty Publications
Sentence repetition (SR) tests are one way of probing a language learner’s oral proficiency. Test-takers listen to a set of carefully engineered sentences of varying complexity one-by-one, and then try to repeat them back as exactly as possible. In this paper we explore how well an SR test that we have developed for French corresponds with the test-taker’s achievement levels, represented by proficiency interview scores and by college class enrollment. We describe how we developed our SR test items using various language resources, and present pertinent facts about the test administration. The responses were scored by humans and also by …
Combining Elicited Imitation And Fluency Features For Oral Proficiency Measurement, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Carl Chritensen
Combining Elicited Imitation And Fluency Features For Oral Proficiency Measurement, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Carl Chritensen
Faculty Publications
The automatic grading of oral language tests has been the subject of much research in recent years. Several obstacles lie in the way of achieving this goal. Recent work suggests a testing technique called elicited imitation (EI) that can serve to accurately approximate global oral proficiency. This testing methodology, however, does not incorporate some fundamental aspects of language, such as fluency. Other work has suggested another testing technique, simulated speech (SS), as a supplement or an alternative to EI that can provide automated fluency metrics. In this work, we investigate a combination of fluency features extracted from SS tests and …
The Variable Effect Of Form And Lemma Frequencies On Phonetic Variation: Evidence From /S/ Realization In Two Varieties Of Colombian Spanish, Earl K. Brown, Micheal S. Gradoville, Richard J. File-Muriel
The Variable Effect Of Form And Lemma Frequencies On Phonetic Variation: Evidence From /S/ Realization In Two Varieties Of Colombian Spanish, Earl K. Brown, Micheal S. Gradoville, Richard J. File-Muriel
Faculty Publications
Research has shown that frequency conditions the variable realization of sounds. However, the literature has not addressed whether the frequency of the individual word forms, or form frequency, has a larger conditioning effect than the combined frequencies of the members of the paradigm to which the forms belong, or lemma frequency. Monofactorial correlation tests and monofactorial and multifactorial linear regression analyses are performed on 2,734 tokens of Spanish /s/ in sociolinguistic interviews conducted in Cali and Barranquilla, Colombia. Two findings are highlighted: (1) frequency is only significant in the variety of Spanish that has low overall rates of /s/ reduction, …
Exploring The Explanatory Power Of Semitic And Egyptian In Uto-Aztecan, Dirk Elzinga, David Eddington
Exploring The Explanatory Power Of Semitic And Egyptian In Uto-Aztecan, Dirk Elzinga, David Eddington
Faculty Publications
The factors that influence English speakers to classify a consonant as ambisyllabic are explored in 581 bisyllabic words. The /b/ in habit, for example, was considered ambisyllabic when a participant chose hab as the first part of the word and bit as the second. Geminate spelling was found to interact with social variables; older participants and more educated speakers provided more ambisyllabic responses. The influence of word-level phonotactics on syllabification was also evident. A consonant such as the medial /d/ in standard is attested as the second consonant in the coda of many English words (e.g. lard), as well …
Evaluating Lemmatization Models For Machine-Assisted Corpus-Dictionary Linkage, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Kevin Black, Eric K. Ringger, Paul Felt, Kevin Seppi, Kristian Heal
Evaluating Lemmatization Models For Machine-Assisted Corpus-Dictionary Linkage, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Kevin Black, Eric K. Ringger, Paul Felt, Kevin Seppi, Kristian Heal
Faculty Publications
The task of corpus-dictionary linkage (CDL) is to annotate each word in a corpus with a link to an appropriate dictionary entry that documents the sense and usage of the word. Corpus-dictionary linked resources include concordances, dictionaries with word usage examples, and corpora annotated with lemmas or word senses. Such CDL resources are essential for many tasks including assisting language learners, linguistic research, philology, and translation. Lemmatization is a common approximation to automating corpus-dictionary linkage, where lemmas stand in for the headwords of an actual dictionary. In our machine-assisted CDL system design, data-driven lemmatization models provide machine assistance to human …
Earthy Concreteness And Anti-Hypotheticalism In Amazonian Quichua Discourse, Janis B. Nuckolls, Tod D, Swanson
Earthy Concreteness And Anti-Hypotheticalism In Amazonian Quichua Discourse, Janis B. Nuckolls, Tod D, Swanson
Faculty Publications
This paper attempts to weave together a number of strands of research conducted by the authors among Amazonian Quichua-speaking people in the Napo and Pastaza provinces of eastern Ecuador. We are attempting to elucidate something that we have both observed, which we are calling an earthy concreteness in the orientation of Runa, which privileges the contextualization of utterances, thoughts, and ideas to such an extent that statements about typical behaviors and generalizations are perceived to be both morally and aesthetically objectionable. This orientation is therefore highly problematic for hypothetical questioning, which is a major tool for social scientific research. In …
Language Use In Six Study Abroad Programs: An Exploratory Analysis Of Possible Predictors, Dan Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Wendy Baker, Rob A. Martinsen, Carrie Gold, Dennis Eggett
Language Use In Six Study Abroad Programs: An Exploratory Analysis Of Possible Predictors, Dan Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Wendy Baker, Rob A. Martinsen, Carrie Gold, Dennis Eggett
Faculty Publications
A common predictor of language gains during study abroad (SA) is amount of language use. Yet little attention has been given to determining what factors influence the extent of language use while abroad. Studies in this area have mainly been case studies of learners in single locations. In this larger study, we seek to determine variables connected with language use by examining 118 learners studying abroad in Madrid, M´erida (Mexico), Paris, Moscow, Nanjing, or Cairo. These learners reported their second language (L2) use over a 1-week period during their stay. Significant predictors of reported L2 use include SA program, age, …
Hykss: Hybrid Keyword And Semantic Search, Andrew J. Zitzelberger, David W. Embley, Stephen W. Liddle, Del T. Scott
Hykss: Hybrid Keyword And Semantic Search, Andrew J. Zitzelberger, David W. Embley, Stephen W. Liddle, Del T. Scott
Faculty Publications
Keyword search suffers from a number of issues: ambiguity, synonymy, and an inability to handle semantic constraints. Semantic search helps resolve these issues but is limited by the quality of annotations which are likely to be incomplete or imprecise. Hybrid search, a search technique that combines the merits of both keyword and semantic search, appears to be a promising solution. In this paper we describe and evaluate HyKSS, a hybrid search system driven by extraction ontologies for both annotation creation and query interpretation. For displaying results, HyKSS uses a dynamic ranking algorithm. We show that over data sets of short …
Assessing The Validity Of Can‐Do Statements In Retrospective (Then‐Now) Self‐Assessment, N. Anthony Brown, Dan Dewey, Troy L. Cox
Assessing The Validity Of Can‐Do Statements In Retrospective (Then‐Now) Self‐Assessment, N. Anthony Brown, Dan Dewey, Troy L. Cox
Faculty Publications
In this study, the authors evaluated the strengths and limitations of a self assessment based on ACTFL Can‐Do statements (ACTFL, 2013) as a tool for measuring linguistic gains over an internship abroad in Russia. They assessed its reliability, determined how its items mapped with the ACTFL scale, and measured the degree to which students’ self‐evaluations matched oral proficiency interview (OPI) test results (i.e., predictive validity). Data revealed a high level of reliability. Furthermore, self assessment items ascended in the order of difficulty expected (i.e., Superior items were the most difficult, followed by Advanced), but differences between the means for items …
On The Interaction Of Implicative Structure And Type Frequency In Inflectional Systems, Jeffery R. Parker, Andrea D. Sims
On The Interaction Of Implicative Structure And Type Frequency In Inflectional Systems, Jeffery R. Parker, Andrea D. Sims
Faculty Publications
How do sources of information minimize the uncertainty associated with predicting unknown inflected forms?
Tutor Assisted Vocabulary Support: Easing The Vocabulary Load For Burundian Refugees Studying For The U.S. Citizenship Test, Eleanor Anne Clark
Tutor Assisted Vocabulary Support: Easing The Vocabulary Load For Burundian Refugees Studying For The U.S. Citizenship Test, Eleanor Anne Clark
Theses and Dissertations
The focus of this thesis was to develop vocabulary materials to supplement those already in use for emergent literate Burundian refugees preparing for the U.S. Citizenship Test. These learners study in conjunction with the International Rescue Committee in Salt Lake City, Utah, and with volunteer tutors who help them study. The flashcards and supporting activities were designed to better enable tutors to teach learners highly-dense vocabulary items, as well as to provide vocabulary scaffolding support for both learners and tutors and to increase depth of vocabulary knowledge with the target vocabulary. The U.S. Citizenship Test Vocabulary Flashcards and Vocabulary Support …
A Teacher's Guide To Academic Reading: Focusing On The Academic Reading Demands Of Esl Learners, Rebecca Jean Stone
A Teacher's Guide To Academic Reading: Focusing On The Academic Reading Demands Of Esl Learners, Rebecca Jean Stone
Theses and Dissertations
With over 765,000 English-as-a-second-language (ESL) students studying in the United States, a greater understanding of the academic requirements and demands these students face while studying in the US is needed. Some of the biggest challenges they face include the amount of reading required and the various tasks employed with academic reading. University reading tasks require more than an understanding of the text. These tasks place a strong emphasis on text comprehension, summary, synthesis, and critical analysis. This is problematic as students, especially ESL learners, lack experience with academic tasks, and many additionally struggle with low metacognitive awareness, limited or low …
Cataloging Semantic Variation In The Swiss German Dialect, Rebecca J. Adams, Dr. Cynthia L. Hallen
Cataloging Semantic Variation In The Swiss German Dialect, Rebecca J. Adams, Dr. Cynthia L. Hallen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Swiss German is the term for the group of Germanic dialects found in Switzerland. They form a sister language to High, or standard, German. They vary significantly from standard German in phonology, syntax, and in semantics . My research project on Swiss German was divided into three parts. First, using information from several books on the history and development of Swiss German, I investigated some of the important points of the dialect itself: its roots; some of the postulated changes that it has undergone; its development from Old High German; and its present status in modern Swiss diglossia. The literature …
Audio Sampling Of The Aymara Language, Aaron M. Waldrip, Dr. Cynthia Hallen
Audio Sampling Of The Aymara Language, Aaron M. Waldrip, Dr. Cynthia Hallen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Upon arriving in the city I couldn’t help but notice the barrenness of my surroundings. Sitting at approximately 12,500 feet above sea level, the city of El Alto in La Paz, Bolivia leaves a distinct impression upon your eyes, nose, and particularly your lungs. Your eyes see nothing but multifaceted shades of brown, your nose perceives smells that will never leave your memory, and your lungs scream so loudly for oxygen that you dare not walk too quickly, let alone run. However, a couple of draughts of mate de coca later, and your body seems to right itself.
An Approach To Automatic Spoken Language Identification Using Analogical Modeling, Nicholas A. Stetich, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale
An Approach To Automatic Spoken Language Identification Using Analogical Modeling, Nicholas A. Stetich, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Although it is often repeated, perhaps to the point of becoming cliché, we live in an age of information. Information is readily available, and in a variety of formats, especially electronic formats. Our ability to digitize data, or make it available for computer access, has increased dramatically over the last several decades, due to the exponential growth of computers’ processing power and storage capabilities. However, much of this data is unorganized, and exists in many formats (text, audio, video), and in many different languages. Expert linguists can often identify what language is being spoken in a particular piece of audio …
The Possibility Of Computer Modeling Language Change, Jonathan Mccollum, Dr. David Bowie
The Possibility Of Computer Modeling Language Change, Jonathan Mccollum, Dr. David Bowie
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Language is an ever changing method of communication. Linguists, in their systematic studies of languages, attempt to explain the changes that modify and sometimes eliminate languages altogether. Much research has been employed to discover the methods that keep language continually evolving.
Teaching Through Comparison, A Study Manual Focusing On French, German, And Italian Language Acquisition, Coogan S. Rencz, Dr. Mentor-Cynthia Hallen
Teaching Through Comparison, A Study Manual Focusing On French, German, And Italian Language Acquisition, Coogan S. Rencz, Dr. Mentor-Cynthia Hallen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Informing ourselves through comparison is a natural process. We seldom make decisions without comparing a few options. We evaluate the quality of everything from artistic techniques, to computers, to pets based on comparisons. Through the humbling process of trial and error we learn from our mistakes. We learn to evaluate the causes and effects of our conduct, habits, and our desires and choose the best action for every situation.
Building A Knowledge Base In Fijian, Adam Rich, Dr. Michael Bush
Building A Knowledge Base In Fijian, Adam Rich, Dr. Michael Bush
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The title, Building a knowledge base in Fijian, suggests a very lofty research project for one lone undergraduate student. Several scholars have studied Fijian since the arrival of Christianity to the islands in the mid-nineteenth century. Just seven years ago, the Missionary Training Center in Provo, Utah began teaching missionaries in the Fijian language. The program at the MTC is the longest continuous program for the teaching of Fijian outside of Fiji. This project was not meant to be the sole ‘building’ of Fijian language knowledge, but to research and assess current methods of Fijian teaching and propose changes for …
Word Sense Disambiguation Through Analogical Modeling, Deryl Keith Hatch, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale
Word Sense Disambiguation Through Analogical Modeling, Deryl Keith Hatch, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In the early twentieth century, throngs of male Greek immigrants came to Utah. They left their homeland seeking to save their families from impending poverty and to escape draft by the Greek and Turkish armies.1 The jobs they took in Utah mines, smelters, and rail yards were lowpaying and dangerous, but these were the least of the troubles waiting for Greeks in Utah. They found Mormons and other Utah residents to be inhospitable and strange, and they quickly learned to isolate themselves in all-Greek communities.
Preserving The Authentic Voice: A Guide To Editing Oral History, Erin Steck Curtis, Don Norton
Preserving The Authentic Voice: A Guide To Editing Oral History, Erin Steck Curtis, Don Norton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Oral history is popular among many academic circles as a medium of communicating a more personal, intimate view of the past than is commonly found in the dry commentary of a standard history text. The emotion included in a eye-witness account becomes its own commentary as feelings and facts are intertwined in the telling of a personal story, history from an ordinary person’s point of view. It is important to understand history not only as a series of events, but as actual experiences that shape people’s lives. Speaker and interviewer (or reader) form a unique emotional bond in the telling …
Integration Of A Morphological Parser Into The Soar Artificial Intelligence Architecture, Jonathan Dehdari, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale
Integration Of A Morphological Parser Into The Soar Artificial Intelligence Architecture, Jonathan Dehdari, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Soar is a general cognitive architecture for developing systems that exhibit intelligent behavior. Researchers all over the world, both from the fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive science, are using Soar for a variety of tasks. Psychologists, AI game developers, linguists, and others interested in cognitive modeling use and develop this open architecture. LG-Soar is a project within the general Soar framework that deals with the processing and modeling of natural languages, using the Link Grammar syntactic parser. LG-Soar has been excellent in its ability to accurately and robustly parse English sentences, but the ability to handle morphology, or the …
Identifying The Specific Needs Of English Language Learners, Jessica Gibson, Lynn Henrichsen
Identifying The Specific Needs Of English Language Learners, Jessica Gibson, Lynn Henrichsen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The Problem: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is a growing, worldwide church. Thus, the members speak a variety of languages and not just English. Consequently, problems in communication arise such as, contact with church administrators, LDS publications, and unity among church members within a ward. There are differences in these barriers, however, when non-native English speaking members live in the United States compared with when they live in their native country. Immigration, cultural differences, and employment are some possible secular problems that exist for members living inside the United States. Spiritual difficulties happen when they cannot learn …
English Learning Center Essay Evaluation Technology, Camille Van Katwyk Yorgason, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale, Dr. Diane Strong-Krause
English Learning Center Essay Evaluation Technology, Camille Van Katwyk Yorgason, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale, Dr. Diane Strong-Krause
Journal of Undergraduate Research
English is an important skill in today’s world – in the job market as well as in our worldwide Church. BYU has a unique opportunity to assist many international students, including returned missionaries involved in the Perpetual Education Fund, to learn English through its English Language Center (ELC). This center is limited in the number of students it can reach because of the cost and time involved for teachers to perform tasks such as the grading of essays of lower proficiency students. My project was to work on the development of a computer program that evaluates the essays of non-native …
Similarity And Contiguity Of Form And Meaning: A Paradigm Of Grammatical Gender Change In Romance Languages, Eve A. Ross, Dr. Cynthia L. Hallen
Similarity And Contiguity Of Form And Meaning: A Paradigm Of Grammatical Gender Change In Romance Languages, Eve A. Ross, Dr. Cynthia L. Hallen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Gender in language is currently a hot topic in linguistics and related fields. One somewhat neglected branch of this subject is grammatical gender. Grammatical gender refers to the gender of a word that does not correspond to the gender of the real world object the word represents. Grammatical gender does not exist in English, but it does exist in all of the Romance languages. For example, the French word for “month” is masculine, even though months themselves are not masculine.
The Lithuanian Language And Conference Translation, Rebecca M. Rosenlund, Dr. Cynthia Hallen
The Lithuanian Language And Conference Translation, Rebecca M. Rosenlund, Dr. Cynthia Hallen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Every six months, millions of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints gather to hear the voice of a living prophet and other leaders and teachers. They look forward to the counsel and insight that they will receive for themselves and their families as they face the challenges of daily life. They rejoice in the opportunity to gain a greater understanding of the Lord’s will and of his plan for his children living at this time. The proceedings of the semi-annual conferences are sent via satellite to thousands of stake centers and homes so that members throughout …
Borrowing The Essentials: A Diachronic Study Of The Semantic Primes Of Modern English, Karen Esther Swan
Borrowing The Essentials: A Diachronic Study Of The Semantic Primes Of Modern English, Karen Esther Swan
Theses and Dissertations
In order for communication to take place, there must be a set of core concepts that are universal to all speakers. Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) has proposed an inventory of these concepts, called semantic primes, and uses them as universal concepts in the explication and exploration of cultural values. The English semantic primes, while the majority are Anglo-Saxon, contain words that have been borrowed from Latin, Old Norse, and French. Borrowing lexical items into core vocabulary has many implications. First, the primes are not entirely stable or immune to foreign influence, even the Anglo-Saxon primes have been susceptible to the …
Technology And Pedagogy: The Future Of Less Commonly Taught Languages, Meredith Kersley Coy, Dr. Michael Bush
Technology And Pedagogy: The Future Of Less Commonly Taught Languages, Meredith Kersley Coy, Dr. Michael Bush
Journal of Undergraduate Research
One of the goals of the BYU Center for Language Studies is to improve the basic Swahili course in order to support the African studies minor. An initial concern in teaching such less commonly taught languages is the lack of qualified teachers. In many cases technology is the solution to this problem. Creating on-line lesson materials that are pedagogically sound facilitates instruction in two ways. First, teachers do not have to be as strictly qualified because much of the burden is shifted to lesson plans that are already completed and available on-line. Second, students receive authentic language exposure and instruction …