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Full-Text Articles in Leadership Studies
A Conceptual Model For Community-Building Through Servant-Leadership At Different Organizational Levels, Kasey N. Morris, Kevin J. Hurt
A Conceptual Model For Community-Building Through Servant-Leadership At Different Organizational Levels, Kasey N. Morris, Kevin J. Hurt
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Community lays the foundation for a strong, flourishing society. It interconnects individuals, organizations, and societies by encouraging shared vision and mutual respect among all parties involved. The term community has two primary uses: (1) geographic and (2) relational, where geographic describes community as a physical location while relational refers to a community in terms of its psychological closeness to and quality of relationships with others (Gusfield, 1975). McMillan and Chavis (1986) build on the relational concept, stating that a “sense of community is a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to …
Servant-Leadership At Servicemaster: A Commitment To Love, Development, And Diversity, Helen H. Chung
Servant-Leadership At Servicemaster: A Commitment To Love, Development, And Diversity, Helen H. Chung
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
In society and business, there is increased energy and focus on caring and inclusive forms of leadership. An emphasis on control and exchange has shifted to more personalized forms, including but not limited to transformational, authentic, ethical, and spiritual leadership. Servant-leadership in particular is gaining traction as a practice that potentially facilitates multiple benefits for organizations and individuals. While servant-leadership ideals and practices have resonated with religious, non-profit, and educational institutions, they have also emerged in the for-profit business sector. In management scholarship, curiosity about the model in the 1990s has evolved into an earnest examination of the framework (Eva …
First Lady Of The United States And The World: A Case Study Of Eleanor Roosevelt's Servant-Leadership, Jeffrey H. Coats
First Lady Of The United States And The World: A Case Study Of Eleanor Roosevelt's Servant-Leadership, Jeffrey H. Coats
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Eleanor Roosevelt was one of the most dynamic social advocates of the 20th century. Her formative youth was spent in an era of austere social conventions in which women were considered to be slightly above property and whose conventional role was to be a mother and take care of the household. Roosevelt defied the stereotypes of her day. Despite her financially privileged upbringing, she saw many injustices of society and chose to serve others to help ease their suffering. She was the longest serving First Lady of the United States during some of the United States’ darkest times: The Great …
Servant-Leadership, Diversity, And Forgiveness, Douglas J. Fuller
Servant-Leadership, Diversity, And Forgiveness, Douglas J. Fuller
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
The concept of a servant-leader can be challenging because, on its face, it sounds paradoxical. How can one lead by being a servant? The very idea of this concept in organizational life seems incongruent, due in large part to the long history of top-down, coercive power-based management practices. As the father of servant-leadership, Robert Greenleaf, writes in 1998, “Coercive power exists because certain people are granted (or assume) sanctions to impose their will on others. These sanctions may be overt, as when one may be penalized or punished if one does not comply; or the sanctions may be covert and …
Cultivating Volunteer Leaders In The Fertile Climate Of Servant-Leadership, Michael T. Von Behren
Cultivating Volunteer Leaders In The Fertile Climate Of Servant-Leadership, Michael T. Von Behren
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
A blossoming field of interest in public life, corporate endeavor, and academic inquiry is the cultivation of leadership. Peter Northouse (2019) began his seminal review of scholarly leadership study saying, “People continue to ask themselves and others what makes good leaders” (p. 1). As I take in his work on the landscape of leadership theory a popular folk tune plays in my mind: “Inch by inch, row by row, gonna make this garden grow. All it takes is a rake and a hoe and a piece of fertile ground” (Mallett, 1997). The variety of theoretical models identified by Northouse present …
A Journey In Servant-Leadership, Larry C. Spears
A Journey In Servant-Leadership, Larry C. Spears
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Welcome to our 2021 edition of The International Journal of Servant-Leadership. I would like to offer my special thanks to all of our contributing authors in this journal. Each edition of IJSL contains a wonderful array of articles and papers, poetry and research, film reviews and reflections from around the world that demonstrate many remarkable journeys in servant-leadership.
A Door Ajar, Peering Into The Nature Of A Person: Three Insights For Servant-Leadership, Michael T. Von Behren
A Door Ajar, Peering Into The Nature Of A Person: Three Insights For Servant-Leadership, Michael T. Von Behren
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Nested among the many inspiring traits of Abraham Lincoln was his ability to perceive accurately the nature of a person. Donald T. Phillips (1992) therefore raises the challenge, “If modern leaders don’t intuitively understand human nature as well as Lincoln did, they should at least make an attempt to learn more on the subject” (p. 35). This article is an attempt to foster that end, in my own life as a leader, as well as within the lives of those who take the time to read these words. A leader’s lasting impact for good or for ill rests upon this. …
Motivational Interviewing: A Tool For Servant-Leadership, Jemima Neddy Organ
Motivational Interviewing: A Tool For Servant-Leadership, Jemima Neddy Organ
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
In this essay I hope to interest the servant-leadership (SL) community in the well-developed communication style known as motivational interviewing (MI) (Miller, 1983; Miller & Rollnick, 2013), which bears similarities to a SL style of guiding and leading namely: listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to growth, and building community. Furthermore, there is extensive scientific literature bearing on the nature and efficacy of MI in facilitating human growth and change, which could describe SL in practical terms that can be taught, measured, and studied.
Servant-Leadership And The Montessori Philosophy: A Principal’S View, Christine M. A. Lapierre, Bonnie Caldwell
Servant-Leadership And The Montessori Philosophy: A Principal’S View, Christine M. A. Lapierre, Bonnie Caldwell
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Servant-leadership is a philosophy of leadership that has stirred the hearts of many leaders across the world over the last few decades. They can be found in organizations such as businesses, education and non-profits. Taking into consideration Robert Greenleaf’s (1991) assertion, they believe that “the servant-leader is servant first…It begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first” (p. 7). According to Greenleaf, a true natural servant-leader responds by listening first and has developed the ability to do so. The followers then see this person as a servant.
My Fortuitous Encounters: A Law & People Who Listened, Bobbette Brown-Vandenberg
My Fortuitous Encounters: A Law & People Who Listened, Bobbette Brown-Vandenberg
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
My career in educational and athletic settings has spanned over four decades. I believe my vocational calling was serendipitously sparked and subsequently nurtured through many fortuitous encounters over a lifetime. Coined by Mr. D. J. De Pree in the 1920’s, fortuitous encounters are “evidence of the hand of God” (Davis & Spears, 2013, p. xiii) in our lives. Davis and Spears (2013) further described these encounters as “moments where a person, place, or thing causes our lives to change in a more positive direction” (p. 1). In this essay, I will describe persons, a place, and legislation (a thing) that …
The Social Construction Of Leadership Through Parenting, Blaze Burnham
The Social Construction Of Leadership Through Parenting, Blaze Burnham
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Leadership is a thought-provoking word that encompasses practically everything in the realm of life, love, and the pursuit of delight. Before beginning a doctorate in leadership studies at Gonzaga University, I regarded leadership as a skill that specific people in management roles practiced. I felt as if one had to be an executive in a sizeable professional establishment to understand the practice of governance and how one could undertake the nuances of practicing the leadership vocation. One can discover leadership in personal, family, professional, organizational, communal, social, and global life.
Servant-Leadership For Social And Environmental Justice, Jeff Vanek
Servant-Leadership For Social And Environmental Justice, Jeff Vanek
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Whether we are talking social or environmental justice, we are talking about people issues. Humanity and nature are inseparably intertwined, and servant-leadership is the perfect leadership style needed to address the challenges our planet faces. The term servant-leader, as used today, was coined by Robert Greenleaf in his 1970 essay The Servant as Leader
Political Skill: A Servant-Leadership Complementary, Peter Mulinge
Political Skill: A Servant-Leadership Complementary, Peter Mulinge
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
The constructs of political skill and servant-leadership may be thought of as paths to influence. Nevertheless, out of curiosity, one might enthusiastically ask whether political skill and servantleadership are two faces of the same coin serving a similar purpose. While one may argue that political skill is an astute skill that leaders employ to influence people to gain political mileage, in some sense, this is a potent argument because leaders do not nominate, elect or put themselves into positions of leadership.
Covid-19 Reflections: A North Carolina Story, Lea E. Williams
Covid-19 Reflections: A North Carolina Story, Lea E. Williams
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
What a year 2020 was! The coronavirus pandemic upended everything. In addition to the pandemic, widespread street demonstrations protested systemic racism and pervasive police violence against Blacks. To document this history-making year, the State Archives of North Carolina and the North Carolina Museum of History partnered to launch a rapid response collection called Your Story is North Carolina’s Story. The story project cast a wide net to gather first-person accounts through journal writings, photographs, objets d'art, oral reminiscences, yard signs, and other artifacts that reflect the zeitgeist of the times.
Head, Hands, And Heart: The Essential Tripod Of Servant-Leadership Education, Michael Carey, Kathleen Patterson, Larry C. Spears
Head, Hands, And Heart: The Essential Tripod Of Servant-Leadership Education, Michael Carey, Kathleen Patterson, Larry C. Spears
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Hello, I am Dr. Michael Carey and I am the Chairperson of the Department of Organizational Leadership at Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington. The Organizational Leadership program leads to a Master of Arts degree, and I am also the coordinator of what we in the program call the Servant-Leadership Concentration, which allows graduate students to focus on the academic study of servant-leadership in nearly half of the coursework required for their masters.
The Beauty Of Embracing The Shadow, Shann Ray Ferch, Jiying Song
The Beauty Of Embracing The Shadow, Shann Ray Ferch, Jiying Song
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
The International Journal of Servant-Leadership exists as an echo of prophetic descant. A treble harmony playing in the ear quietly above the melody which progresses in beauty below. How does one reconcile the polarities that divide us in our daily lives, our families, organizations, and nations? The articles in this volume speak to reconciliation, and the healing power associated with greater wisdom, justice, and love. They involve a necessary embrace of duality, a return to oneness in which harmony and melody are more readily heard and embodied. The great American poet and thought leader, James Baldwin, illumined our oneness precisely …
We Are All God’S Poems [1], Isaiah Hernandez
We Are All God’S Poems [1], Isaiah Hernandez
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Influence: Inspired by those who have and continue to fight the good fight, and strive for a future of peace, love, and equality for all. Isaiah Hernandez is 22 years old and was born and raised in Spokane. He attended Lewis and Clark high school and was a valedictorian. Currently, he is a senior at Whitworth University graduating this coming spring with a degree in Health Science and a minor in Psychology.
I Have A Story To Tell: Will You Listen?, Amy L. Belisle
I Have A Story To Tell: Will You Listen?, Amy L. Belisle
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Amy L Belisle is currently enrolled in the Doctor of Leadership Studies program at Gonzaga University and is a 2014 graduate of Gonzaga University’s Master of Organizational Leadership program. Prior to earning her Master from Gonzaga University, she completed a Bachelor of Arts in Biology at Franklin College, in Franklin, Indiana and a Bachelor of Science in Leadership Studies at Providence College, in Providence Rhode Island. She has been living and working in Rhode Island, for Amgen, Inc., for the last 18 years. Her current role is in the Product Quality organization as a Senior Manager. In addition to her …
We Are All God’S Poems [2], José Hernandez
We Are All God’S Poems [2], José Hernandez
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Influence: After living for many years in this nation of immigrants plagued by a dark cloud of racism and inequality but inspired by those who in my understanding have continued the work of Jesucristo to free the people, I’ve been moved by the courage and love of many people who refuse to stay silent in the midst of serious attacks to freedom and true democracy, the very foundation of many nations. José Hernandez was born and raised in Caracas Venezuela and has lived in the United States since 1987. He received a Master of Science and a PhD in Leadership …
Reflections On The Origins Of Robert K. Greenleaf’S Five Books, Larry C. Spears
Reflections On The Origins Of Robert K. Greenleaf’S Five Books, Larry C. Spears
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
In July, my wife Beth gave birth to our second son, Matthew, who joined his big brother, James. Born on July 14, I soon learned that Matthew actually shared a birthday with Bob Greenleaf, who had been born in Terre Haute, Indiana on July 14, 1904. In September, I had my one-and-only face-to-face meeting with Robert Greenleaf—the subject of another story that I have shared in several places, most notably in Fortuitous Encounters: Wisdom Stories for Learning and Growth (Paul Davis and Larry C. Spears, Editors: Paulist Press, 2013). Ten days later, Robert Greenleaf passed away at the age of …
Interruptive Symbology: Servant-Leadership From Micro-Observation To Macro-Movement, Anne M. “Marnie” Rorholm
Interruptive Symbology: Servant-Leadership From Micro-Observation To Macro-Movement, Anne M. “Marnie” Rorholm
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
In the summer of 2020, against a backdrop of a global pandemic, a U.S. presidential election and the zenith of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, a hermeneutic phenomenological research study was conducted to establish the legitimacy and help define the theory of interruptive symbology. Despite the civil unrest in America, this was a serendipitous time for this type of research, as the mainstream and social media was rife with disruptive images.
Spirituality Revisited: Heeding Greenleaf’S Call For The Spirituality Of Leadership, Cheryl Broetje
Spirituality Revisited: Heeding Greenleaf’S Call For The Spirituality Of Leadership, Cheryl Broetje
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Many people are called to a vision for a more loving, more just society, but they are unprepared to hear it. As such, most calls go unclaimed. In Proverbs 29:18 we read “Where there is no vision, the people perish.” It is a deeply spiritual work to listen deeply enough to hear a vision, let alone trust it, while awaiting God’s timing for the vision to be born into the world. A birth of call in our lives takes a community of support, just as the birth of any baby. In our role as family, friends and neighbors, we help …
The Silver Screen As Mirror: Investigating Servant-Leadership In American Film, Joe Walsh
The Silver Screen As Mirror: Investigating Servant-Leadership In American Film, Joe Walsh
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Movies have entranced me from a young age and have been a faithful companion throughout my life. The mystery and allure of the silver screen has been explained in a myriad of ways to justify why the visual medium from the Hollywood blockbuster to the Sundance auteur film have a developed and committed following. Film theorists cite reasons like escapism, empathetic catharsis through emotional practicing, and shared storytelling to describe the motivations of film-going audiences (Barsam & Monahan, 2017; Pramaggiore & Wallis, 2018; Truby, 2008). Physically, the process of viewing film is the result of encountering images projected onto a …
My Journey Into The Servant-Leadership Movement, Joseph Rocky Wallace
My Journey Into The Servant-Leadership Movement, Joseph Rocky Wallace
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
I was raised in a home that modeled servant-leadership through and through, as my parents were active Christians, and Dad was a United Methodist pastor. But as I grew, navigating the various stages of high school, college, early career, graduate school, marriage, children…the term servant-leadership was not commonly used in my life circle. I was an educator, later a school administrator, had coached baseball and basketball in the school system to begin my career, always active in the church, attended leadership conference after leadership conference as part of my work…But servant-leading in how one lives life and serves in organizations …
A Journey In Servant-Leadership, Larry C. Spears
A Journey In Servant-Leadership, Larry C. Spears
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Welcome to our 2020 edition of The International Journal of Servant-Leadership. I would like to offer my special thanks to all of our contributing authors in this journal. Each edition of IJSL contains a wonderful array of articles and papers, poetry and research, film reviews and reflections from around the world that demonstrate many remarkable journeys in servant-leadership.
Prophetic Story-Weaving And Truthtelling: On The Road To Servant-Leadership In Smoke Signals, Erin K. Davis
Prophetic Story-Weaving And Truthtelling: On The Road To Servant-Leadership In Smoke Signals, Erin K. Davis
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
North Dakota At my grandfather’s 95th birthday party, I visit his table. Spread out in front of him are photographs from his childhood. Each shot taken from far away, as if faces weren’t important on the North Dakota plains, ancient family members dotting the flat landscape like tiny shrubs.
Burnout On The Front Lines: Physicians And Nurses As Servant-Leaders During Covid-19, Rebekah Rogers
Burnout On The Front Lines: Physicians And Nurses As Servant-Leaders During Covid-19, Rebekah Rogers
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Individuals rely on physicians and nurses during some of the most critical moments in their lives. The United States fell victim to a widespread health pandemic in early 2020 caused by the spread of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that paralyzed the country and devastated the global economy. The international health crisis thrust first responders to the front lines of an evolving war unlike anything society has seen in a century. As of September 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported more than 6.5 million confirmed cases and 194,155 deaths in the United States (CDC, 2020). The cities …
The Birth Of The Modern1, Lynne Knight
The Birth Of The Modern1, Lynne Knight
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
When Rodin first felt the looseness of the white Dominican robe Balzac wore to write in, his hands went still in the clay. He stood for a long while, learning the cloth’s heavy fall, letting it find its way to Balzac’s hands, which would hold the robe closed from within, simplifying the figure until nothing human would be noticed but the head in its defiance of a bronze repose.
Teaching And Learning Servantleadership In The Outdoors, Jerome Gabriel, Sydney Sklar, Jessica Monu
Teaching And Learning Servantleadership In The Outdoors, Jerome Gabriel, Sydney Sklar, Jessica Monu
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
In the field of outdoor education a great deal of emphasis has been placed on evaluating instructional processes as they are used to develop leadership competencies (Berman & Berman, 2009; Buell, 1981; Gabriel, 2015; Green, 1981; Holladay & Sklar, 2012; Martin, Cashel, Wagstaff, & Breunig, 2006; Priest, 1984, 1986; Raiola & Sugerman, 1999). A limited body of outdoor leadership research has evaluated particular leadership frameworks, such as situational leadership theory (Hersey & Blanchard, 1981; Gabriel, 2015), to determine if leadership practices align with a particular leadership model in question. To advance professional knowledge of outdoor leadership theory and practice, the …
How To Communicate Servant-Leadership: An Exploration Of Relational Communication And Employee Outcomes, David Sloan, Alan Mikkelson, Timothy Wilkinson
How To Communicate Servant-Leadership: An Exploration Of Relational Communication And Employee Outcomes, David Sloan, Alan Mikkelson, Timothy Wilkinson
International Journal of Servant-Leadership
Can supervisors intentionally communicate messages that signal traits of servant-leadership and that influence organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions? Organizational supervisors are in a unique position to influence the employee experience (Myers, Seibold, & Park, 2011). A substantial body of research has documented the ability of a supervisor to influence employee attitudes such as organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions (e.g., Bliss & Fallon, 2003; Brown & Yoshioka, 2003; Epitropaki & Martin, 2005; Fleishman, 1998; Jaskyte, 2003; McColl-Kennedy & Anderson, 2005; Walumbwa & Lawler, 2003). Within organizational behavior research, servant-leadership has emerged as one of the prominent leadership …