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Full-Text Articles in Labor Economics

Earnings Losses Of Displaced Workers, Louis S. Jacobson, Robert J. Lalonde, Daniel G. Sullivan Feb 1992

Earnings Losses Of Displaced Workers, Louis S. Jacobson, Robert J. Lalonde, Daniel G. Sullivan

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The 1990-1991 recession has intensified concerns about the consequences of workers' job losses. To estimate the magnitude and temporal pattern of displaced workers' earnings losses, we exploit an unusual administrative data set that includes both employees' quarterly earnings histories and information about their firms. We find that when high-tenure workers separate from distressed firms their long-term losses average 25 percent per year. Further, their losses mount even prior to separation, are not limited to workers in a few industrial sectors, and are substantial even for those who find new jobs in similar firms. This evidence suggests that displaced workers' earnings …


Wage And Employment Adjustment In Local Labor Markets, Randall W. Eberts, Joe Allan Stone Jan 1992

Wage And Employment Adjustment In Local Labor Markets, Randall W. Eberts, Joe Allan Stone

Upjohn Press

Eberts and Stone have created dynamic models of labor supply and demand behavior for metropolitan labor markets. They use these models to simulate wage, employment, and personal income responses to local economic change, including changes brought about by governmental policy.


Wage Flexibility And Unemployment Dynamics In Regional Labor Markets, Thomas Hyclak, Geraint Johnes Jan 1992

Wage Flexibility And Unemployment Dynamics In Regional Labor Markets, Thomas Hyclak, Geraint Johnes

Upjohn Press

Hyclak and Johnes explore the extent to which wage rigidity differs across regional labor markets in the U.S. and how it affects the unemployment response to shifts in regional aggregate demand. They also look at the determinants of differences in wage rigidity across regional labor markets.


Congressional Testimony On The Effectiveness Of Trade Adjustment Assistance And Suggestions For Improving The Program, Louis S. Jacobson Aug 1991

Congressional Testimony On The Effectiveness Of Trade Adjustment Assistance And Suggestions For Improving The Program, Louis S. Jacobson

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In this testimony, I will sketch key findings from research that I conducted with others, bearing on the justification and effectiveness of trade adjustment assistance. Most economists agree that protecting workers from the negative consequences of the North American Free Trade Agreement is appropriate, since we believe that a measure is unambiguously good only when some benefit, but no one is hurt. Thus, my central policy conclusion is that the combination of UI and TAA does a good job in protecting the majority of trade impacted workers. But available funds would be better spent by helping dislocated workers find jobs, …


The Effects Of Metropolitan Job Growth On The Size Distribution Of Family Income, Timothy J. Bartik Mar 1991

The Effects Of Metropolitan Job Growth On The Size Distribution Of Family Income, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper examines how a metropolitan area's job growth affects its income distribution. The research uses annual Current Population Survey data on the income distribution in different metropolitan areas from 1979 through 1988. Faster metropolitan job growth increases real family income in the lowest income quintile by a significantly greater percentage than for the average family. Metropolitan job growth also increases the value of property owned by upper income quintiles, but property value effects are not large enough to offset the progressive effects of growth on labor income. Simulations indicate that economic development programs to increase metropolitan job growth will …


The Employment And Earnings Impacts Of The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, Kevin Hollenbeck, Richard J. Willke Feb 1991

The Employment And Earnings Impacts Of The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, Kevin Hollenbeck, Richard J. Willke

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit (TJTC) is intended to stimulate the employment of individuals who are members of certain groups of the labor force by providing a wage subsidy (in the form of a tax credit) to employers of recently-hired eligible workers. This intervention into the labor market has direct and indirect earnings and employment consequences for both eligible and ineligible individuals. The paper evaluates the impacts of TJTC by using a treatment and comparison group methodology. Corrections for nonrandom selection are undertaken. The primary sources of data are state quarterly wage record data from the Unemployment Insurance system and …


The Tax Treatment Of Fringe Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury, Wei-Jang Huang Jan 1991

The Tax Treatment Of Fringe Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury, Wei-Jang Huang

Upjohn Press

Woodbury and Huang use econometric models to investigate how changes in the tax treatment of fringe benefits can be expected to influence the level of benefits and compensation provided by employers, federal revenues, and income inequality.


Essays On The Economics Of Discrimination, Emily P. Hoffman Editor Jan 1991

Essays On The Economics Of Discrimination, Emily P. Hoffman Editor

Upjohn Press

This book explores the effects of discrimination on the economic outcomes of various societal groups.


Labor Unions And The Economic Performance Of Firms, Barry T. Hirsch Jan 1991

Labor Unions And The Economic Performance Of Firms, Barry T. Hirsch

Upjohn Press

Hirsch develops a model of union rent-seeking in which the unions capture a share of quasi-rents that make up the normal ROI in long-lived capital and R&D. He finds that in response, firms adjust their investments in vulnerable tangible and intangible capital. Hirsch also attempts to explain the connection between the contraction of the size of unions which occurred in the 1970s and firms' lower profitability, diminished market value, and lower investment levels.


Efficient Bargains In The Context Of Recent Labor Market Experience And Policy, Robert A. Hart, Thomas Moutos Sep 1990

Efficient Bargains In The Context Of Recent Labor Market Experience And Policy, Robert A. Hart, Thomas Moutos

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In Europe in recent times, bargaining between a leading nationally-based industrial union and a representative group of employers over the issues of employment, wages and working time has proved to be influential in a much wider industrial context. Adopting a generalized Nash bargaining approach, this paper considers the possible effects on such "key" bargains of several prominent labor market events and policies experienced since the middle 1970s. These include the impacts of OPEC supply shocks, changes in union power, greater emphasis on payroll taxes as well as growing government economic orthodoxy as expressed through the goal of a balanced budget.


Dislocated Worker Human Capital Depreciation And Recovery, Kevin Hollenbeck May 1990

Dislocated Worker Human Capital Depreciation And Recovery, Kevin Hollenbeck

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Previous studies have estimated the "human capital depreciation" of women re-entering the work force after voluntary, lengthy interruptions. Those studies have found reduced real wages and furthermore the decrease is positively related to the length of the interruption. Upon re-entry, however, real wages grow rapidly as human capital is restored. This paper develops a model of the wage histories of dislocated workers. Similar to labor force re-entrants, those dislocated workers who become re-employed would experience wages below their final wage prior to dislocation and the decrease should be associated with the length of dislocation. However, the model suggests that since …


Passing The Torch: The Influence Of Economic Incentives On Work And Retirement, Joseph F. Quinn, Richard V. Burkhauser, Daniel A. Myers Jan 1990

Passing The Torch: The Influence Of Economic Incentives On Work And Retirement, Joseph F. Quinn, Richard V. Burkhauser, Daniel A. Myers

Upjohn Press

This book summarizes research on individual retirement decisions and aggregate retirement trends. It also serves as an excellent reference source on the economics of retirement.


The Economics Of Comparable Worth, Mark R. Killingsworth Jan 1990

The Economics Of Comparable Worth, Mark R. Killingsworth

Upjohn Press

Killingsworth provides a clear statement of the definitional and conceptual issues surrounding comparable worth as well as an examination of its actual and potential effects. He also shows how comparable worth might work in alternative labor market settings and provides evidence of the effects of the comparable worth measures implemented in San Jose, Calif., the State of Minnesota, and Australia.


Labor-Management Cooperation: New Partnerships Or Going In Circles?, William N. Cooke Jan 1990

Labor-Management Cooperation: New Partnerships Or Going In Circles?, William N. Cooke

Upjohn Press

Cooke answers important questions about labor-management cooperative efforts and addresses the problems undermining these efforts. His analyses are based on a variety of secondary data sources plus primary data from three nationwide surveys of plant managers, union leaders, and industry executives. Also included are several prescriptions for the success of labor-management cooperative efforts.


Recent Developments In The Theory Of Involuntary Unemployment, Carl Davidson Jan 1990

Recent Developments In The Theory Of Involuntary Unemployment, Carl Davidson

Upjohn Press

This monograph provides a relatively nontechnical summary of the prominent theories of unemployment that have emerged since 1960: search, disequilibrium, implicit contracts, efficiency wage, and insider/outsider models. Davidson focuses on the overall purpose of each line of research, reviewing selected articles on each of the theories. He then offers clear descriptions that make the topics readily accessible to both students and nonspecialists.


Two-Tier Compensation Structures: Their Impact On Unions, Employers, And Employees, James Martin, Thomas D. Heetderks Jan 1990

Two-Tier Compensation Structures: Their Impact On Unions, Employers, And Employees, James Martin, Thomas D. Heetderks

Upjohn Press

Martin conducted a study at a large company where its various wage tier systems allowed assessment of the long-term impact of tiers. Part of this study included the development of a survey designed to explore eight research questions related to tiers and to test five hypotheses of low-tier v. high-tier employees.


Current Economic Issues In Employee Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury Sep 1989

Current Economic Issues In Employee Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury

Book Chapters

No abstract provided.


Assisting Displaced Workers: Do The States Have A Better Idea?, Duane E. Leigh Jan 1989

Assisting Displaced Workers: Do The States Have A Better Idea?, Duane E. Leigh

Upjohn Press

This work provides a comprehensive assessment of state initiatives designed to deal with worker displacement. Leigh considers quantitative and qualitative studies of state programs, evaluations of state- and federally-funded demonstration projects and pilot programs, and studies of the design and operation of foreign government programs.


From One Job To The Next: Worker Adjustment In A Changing Labor Market, Adam Seitchik, Jeffrey Zornitsky Jan 1989

From One Job To The Next: Worker Adjustment In A Changing Labor Market, Adam Seitchik, Jeffrey Zornitsky

Upjohn Press

The authors discuss how the structure of job opportunities has changed over the last two decades; specifically the transfer of jobs from manufacturing to service industries. They then link these changes to issues of worker displacement policy and worker mobility.


Strikers And Subsidies: The Influence Of Government Transfer Programs On Strike Activity, Robert M. Hutchens, David B. Lipsky, Robert N. Stern Jan 1989

Strikers And Subsidies: The Influence Of Government Transfer Programs On Strike Activity, Robert M. Hutchens, David B. Lipsky, Robert N. Stern

Upjohn Press

The authors assess laws governing striker eligibility for government transfers, finding evidence linking UI payments to strike activity.


The Wage Carrot And The Pension Stick: Retirement Benefits And Labor Force Participation, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, David A. Wise Jan 1989

The Wage Carrot And The Pension Stick: Retirement Benefits And Labor Force Participation, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, David A. Wise

Upjohn Press

Kotlikoff and Wise document the continued backloading of pension benefits and the extent of retirement incentives by examining pension accrual in over 1,500 companies with defined benefit plans. They also perform a detailed analysis on the retirement plan of a "Fortune 500" company.


Organized Labor At The Crossroads, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor Jan 1989

Organized Labor At The Crossroads, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor

Upjohn Press

This group of essays offers a detailed look at the problems, choices and future of industrial relations.


Unemployment, Vacancies And Local Labor Markets, Harry J. Holzer Jan 1989

Unemployment, Vacancies And Local Labor Markets, Harry J. Holzer

Upjohn Press

Unemployment rates in the U.S. vary considerably over time and across local areas. Economists have long been concerned with explaining these variations and have attempted to distinguish various components of unemployment to explain these variations in rates. Holzer uses firm-level data on job vacancies, sales growth, and wages within and across a group of 28 local labor markets to examine these issues.


A Second Chance: Training For Jobs, Sar A. Levitan, Frank Gallo Jan 1988

A Second Chance: Training For Jobs, Sar A. Levitan, Frank Gallo

Upjohn Press

Levitan and Gallo make use of their considerable experience and prior research to provide a critical assessment of the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA). The authors evaluate state governments' role in guiding and monitoring the program, and suggest that the success rates are actually lower than the reported official figures. Anyone interested in the JTPA or other job training program will benefit from the assessments provided by the authors in this book.


Advance Notice Provisions In Plant Closing Legislation, Ronald G. Ehrenberg, George Jakubson Jan 1988

Advance Notice Provisions In Plant Closing Legislation, Ronald G. Ehrenberg, George Jakubson

Upjohn Press

After summarizing the theoretical arguments for and against plant closing legislation, the authors present results of empirical analyses, based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics Survey of Displaced Workers and other data sources, that show that having advance notice appears to reduce the probability that a displaced worker will suffer any spell of unemployment.


Plant Closings And Worker Displacement: The Regional Issues, Marie Howland Jan 1988

Plant Closings And Worker Displacement: The Regional Issues, Marie Howland

Upjohn Press

Howland examines the relationship between regional employment shifts and plant closures and describes the implications of that relationship for displaced worker study. Her findings support an argument against industrial policy as a means of slowing the pace of worker dislocation as well as against concession in wages, utility bills, and taxes as strategies for retaining local jobs. Howland also presents several policy options for both national policy makers and local economic development officials, and argues for increased federal support for local takeovers of closing branch plants and subsidiaries and for financial and adjustment assistance for displaced workers.


Job-Saving Strategies: Worker Buyouts And Qwl, Arthur Hochner, Cherlyn S. Granrose, Judith Goode, Eileen R. Appelbaum, Elaine Simon Jan 1988

Job-Saving Strategies: Worker Buyouts And Qwl, Arthur Hochner, Cherlyn S. Granrose, Judith Goode, Eileen R. Appelbaum, Elaine Simon

Upjohn Press

This book probes the effectiveness of two job-saving strategies, worker buyouts and QWL (quality of worklife) programs, used to try to reverse the shutdown of a chain of supermarkets in Philadelphia.


Worker Dislocation: Case Studies Of Causes And Cures, Robert F. Cook Editor Jan 1987

Worker Dislocation: Case Studies Of Causes And Cures, Robert F. Cook Editor

Upjohn Press

This book describes various projects to assist dislocated workers under Title III of the JTPA, and offers lessons on what has and hasn't worked.


Saving Plants And Jobs: Union-Management Negotiations In The Context Of Threatened Plant Closing, Paul F. Gerhart Jan 1987

Saving Plants And Jobs: Union-Management Negotiations In The Context Of Threatened Plant Closing, Paul F. Gerhart

Upjohn Press

Gerhart uses a case study approach to examine why plants become economically inviable as well as how to prevent this from happening prematurely.


Human Resource Policy Issues: Panel On Technology And Employment, Committee On Science, Engineering, And Public Policy, H. Allan Hunt Sep 1986

Human Resource Policy Issues: Panel On Technology And Employment, Committee On Science, Engineering, And Public Policy, H. Allan Hunt

Testimonies

No abstract provided.