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Articles 181 - 210 of 558
Full-Text Articles in Labor Economics
The Racial And Spatial Impacts Of The Paycheck Protection Program, T. William Lester, Matthew D. Wilson
The Racial And Spatial Impacts Of The Paycheck Protection Program, T. William Lester, Matthew D. Wilson
External Papers and Reports
No abstract provided.
Credit Availability For Minority Business Owners In An Evolving Credit Environment: Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Mark E. Schweitzer, Brett Barkley
Credit Availability For Minority Business Owners In An Evolving Credit Environment: Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Mark E. Schweitzer, Brett Barkley
External Papers and Reports
No abstract provided.
Banking Deserts And The Paycheck Protection Program, Kristopher Deming, Stephan Weiler
Banking Deserts And The Paycheck Protection Program, Kristopher Deming, Stephan Weiler
External Papers and Reports
No abstract provided.
Bank Types, Inclusivity, And Payroll Protection Program Lending During Covid-19, Mark K. Cassell, Michael Schwan, Marc Schneiberg
Bank Types, Inclusivity, And Payroll Protection Program Lending During Covid-19, Mark K. Cassell, Michael Schwan, Marc Schneiberg
External Papers and Reports
No abstract provided.
Income Generation Through Entrepreneurship: Seed Initiative, Iliana G. Perez
Income Generation Through Entrepreneurship: Seed Initiative, Iliana G. Perez
External Papers and Reports
No abstract provided.
The Economic And Business Case For Ensuring High-Quality Childcare And Preschool, Timothy J. Bartik
The Economic And Business Case For Ensuring High-Quality Childcare And Preschool, Timothy J. Bartik
Presentations
No abstract provided.
Monopsony In Manufacturing, Chen Yeh, Claudia Macaluso, Brad J. Hershbein
Monopsony In Manufacturing, Chen Yeh, Claudia Macaluso, Brad J. Hershbein
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
Monopsony In The U.S. Labor Market, Chen Yeh, Claudia Macaluso, Brad J. Hershbein
Monopsony In The U.S. Labor Market, Chen Yeh, Claudia Macaluso, Brad J. Hershbein
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper quantifies the extent to which the U.S. manufacturing labor market is characterized by employer market power and how such market power has changed over time. We find that the vast majority of U.S. manufacturing plants operate in a monopsonistic environment and, at least since the early 2000s, the labor market in U.S. manufacturing has become more monopsonistic. To reach this conclusion, we exploit rich administrative data for U.S. manufacturers and estimate plant-level markdowns—the ratio between a plant’s marginal revenue product of labor and its wage. In a competitive labor market, markdowns would be equal to unity. Instead, we …
Why Aren’T People Leaving Janesville? Industry Persistence, Trade Shocks, And Mobility, Sebastian Ottinger, Michael Poyker
Why Aren’T People Leaving Janesville? Industry Persistence, Trade Shocks, And Mobility, Sebastian Ottinger, Michael Poyker
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Particular industries have dominated many locations in the United States for more than a century. We show that individuals residing in such locations were systematically less likely to move away from there during the past few decades. By identifying locations with sizable employment shares in the same manufacturing industries in 1870 and 1980, we documented less out-migration in the decades following 1980 than earlier. In response to the largest shock affecting manufacturing employment since then, these locations adjusted differently: the “China shock” led to higher unemployment in their communities, but fewer people moved away. Drawing on rich data of social …
Isolated States Of America: State Borders, Mobility, And Labor Markets, Riley Wilson
Isolated States Of America: State Borders, Mobility, And Labor Markets, Riley Wilson
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Wage Posting Or Wage Bargaining?: A Test Using Dual Jobholders, Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury
Wage Posting Or Wage Bargaining?: A Test Using Dual Jobholders, Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Wage Posting Or Wage Bargaining?: A Test Using Dual Jobholders, Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury
Wage Posting Or Wage Bargaining?: A Test Using Dual Jobholders, Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
Wage Posting Or Wage Bargaining? A Test Using Dual Jobholders, Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury
Wage Posting Or Wage Bargaining? A Test Using Dual Jobholders, Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper examines the behavior of dual jobholders to test a simple model of wage bargaining and wage posting. We estimate the sensitivity of wages and separation rates to wage shocks in a worker’s secondary job to assess the degree of bargaining versus wage posting in the labor market. We interpret the evidence within a model where workers facing hours constraints in their primary job may take a second, flexible-hours job for additional income. When a secondary job offers a sufficiently high wage, a worker either bargains with the primary employer for a wage increase or separates. The model provides …
What Do We Know About Alternative Work Arrangements In The United States? A Synthesis Of Research Evidence From Household Surveys, And Administrative Data, Katharine G. Abraham, Susan N. Houseman
What Do We Know About Alternative Work Arrangements In The United States? A Synthesis Of Research Evidence From Household Surveys, And Administrative Data, Katharine G. Abraham, Susan N. Houseman
Reports
The Contingent Worker Supplement (CWS) to the Current Population Survey (CPS), fielded six times between 1995 and 2017, was designed to measure jobs that were temporary in nature as well as work arrangements thought to be associated with less commitment between workers and employers. The latter includes independent contractor and platform work, temporary help and other intermediated contract work arrangements, and on-call work, which captures a certain type of unpredictable work schedule. While the CWS provides consistent measures of the work arrangements covered in the survey over a 22-year time span, it has shortcomings. Data from other household surveys, employer …
Contingent And Alternative Employment: Lessons From The Contingent Worker Supplement, 1995–2017, Katharine G. Abraham, Susan N. Houseman
Contingent And Alternative Employment: Lessons From The Contingent Worker Supplement, 1995–2017, Katharine G. Abraham, Susan N. Houseman
Reports
The Contingent Worker Supplement (CWS) to the Current Population Survey—administered six times between 1995 and 2017—is uniquely valuable in providing detailed information on a consistent set of work arrangements in a large, nationally representative survey. Drawing on data from all six CWS waves, we provide an in-depth picture of the nature of contingent and alternative work and whether and how employment arrangements are changing in the United States. We exploit questions in the CWS to distinguish between three types of self-employment, including two types of independent contractors. We also link data on individuals in the CWS to their data in …
Isolated States Of America: State Borders, Mobility, And Labor Markets, Riley Wilson
Isolated States Of America: State Borders, Mobility, And Labor Markets, Riley Wilson
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
Isolated States Of America: The Impact Of State Borders On Mobility And Regional Labor Market Adjustments, Riley Wilson
Isolated States Of America: The Impact Of State Borders On Mobility And Regional Labor Market Adjustments, Riley Wilson
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
I document a new empirical pattern of internal mobility in the United States. Namely, county-to-county migration and commuting drop off discretely at state borders. People are three times as likely to move to a county 15 miles away, but in the same state, than to move to an equally distant county in a different state. These gaps remain even among neighboring counties or counties in the same commuting zone. This pattern is not explained by differences in county characteristics, is not driven by any particular demographic group, and is not explained by pecuniary costs such as differences in state occupational …
General Equilibrium Effects Of Insurance Expansions: Evidence From Long-Term Care Labor Markets, Martin Hackmann, Jӧrg Heining, Roman Klimke, Maria Polyakova, Holger Seibert
General Equilibrium Effects Of Insurance Expansions: Evidence From Long-Term Care Labor Markets, Martin Hackmann, Jӧrg Heining, Roman Klimke, Maria Polyakova, Holger Seibert
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Arrow (1963) hypothesized that demand-side moral hazard induced by health insurance leads to supply-side expansions in healthcare markets. Capturing these effects empirically has been challenging, as non-marginal insurance expansions are rare and detailed data on healthcare labor and capital is sparse. We combine administrative labor market data with the geographic variation in the rollout of a universal insurance program—the introduction of long-term care (LTC) insurance in Germany in 1995—to document a substantial expansion of the inpatient LTC labor market in response to insurance expansion. A 10 percentage point expansion in the share of insured elderly leads to 0.05 (7%) more …
Labor Market Consequences Of Antitax Avoidance Policies, Katarzyna Bilicka
Labor Market Consequences Of Antitax Avoidance Policies, Katarzyna Bilicka
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
In this paper, I analyze the local labor market consequences of multinational firms reallocating employees across their affiliates in response to antitax avoidance policies. I leverage the introduction of a worldwide debt cap in 2010 in the United Kingdom as a quasi-natural experiment that limited one of the forms of profit shifting—debt shifting—for a group of multinational corporations (MNCs). Multinationals affected by the reform reallocated their employees from the United Kingdom to foreign locations. This affected London-based service sector firms the most. I show that this led to a reduction in the number of jobs available in regions exposed to …
When Labor Enforcement And Immigration Enforcement Collide: Deterring Worker Complaints Worsens Workplace Safety, Amanda M. Grittner, Matthew S. Johnson
When Labor Enforcement And Immigration Enforcement Collide: Deterring Worker Complaints Worsens Workplace Safety, Amanda M. Grittner, Matthew S. Johnson
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Regulatory agencies overseeing the labor market often rely on worker complaints to direct their enforcement. However, if workers face differential barriers to complain, this system could result in ineffective targeting and create disparities in working conditions. To investigate these implications, we examine how the onset of Secure Communities—a localized immigration enforcement program—affected occupational safety and health. Counties’ participation in Secure Communities substantially reduced complaints to government safety regulators, but increased injuries, at workplaces with Hispanic workers. We show that these effects are most consistent with employers reducing safety inputs in response to workers’ decreased willingness to complain.
The Impact Of The Pandemic On U.S. Labor Markets: Past, Present And Future Concerns, Michael Horrigan
The Impact Of The Pandemic On U.S. Labor Markets: Past, Present And Future Concerns, Michael Horrigan
Presentations
No abstract provided.
The Dynamics Of Referral Hiring And Racial Inequality: Evidence From Brazil, Conrad Miller, Ian Schmutte
The Dynamics Of Referral Hiring And Racial Inequality: Evidence From Brazil, Conrad Miller, Ian Schmutte
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
We study how referral hiring contributes to racial inequality in firm-level labor demand over the firm’s life cycle using data from Brazil. We consider a search model where referral networks are segregated, firms are more informed about the match quality of referred candidates, and some referrals are made by nonreferred employees. Consistent with the model, we find that firms are more likely to hire candidates and less likely to dismiss employees of the same race as the founder, but these differences diminish as firms’ cumulative hires increase. Referral hiring helps to explain racial differences in dismissals, seniority, and employer size.
Place-Based Jobs Policies: We Need To Boost Employment Rates In Distressed Places, But: One Size Does Not Fit All, Timothy J. Bartik
Place-Based Jobs Policies: We Need To Boost Employment Rates In Distressed Places, But: One Size Does Not Fit All, Timothy J. Bartik
Presentations
No abstract provided.
A Model Of Occupational Licensing And Statistical Discrimination, Peter Q. Blair, Bobby W. Chung
A Model Of Occupational Licensing And Statistical Discrimination, Peter Q. Blair, Bobby W. Chung
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
We develop a model of statistical discrimination in occupational licensing. In the model, there is endogenous occupation selection and wage determination that depends on how costly it is to obtain the license and the productivity of the human capital that is bundled with the license. Under these assumptions, we find a unique equilibrium with sharp comparative statics for the licensing premiums. The key theoretical result in this paper is that the licensing premium is higher for workers who are members of demographic groups that face a higher cost of licensing. The intuition for this result is that the higher cost …
Informed Choices: Gender Gaps In Career Advice, Yana Gallen, Melanie Wasserman
Informed Choices: Gender Gaps In Career Advice, Yana Gallen, Melanie Wasserman
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Trade And Structural Change: Focusing On The Specifics, Andrew Greenland, John W. Lopresti
Trade And Structural Change: Focusing On The Specifics, Andrew Greenland, John W. Lopresti
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Using a newly digitized database encompassing the universe of tariff lines across five US trade policy regimes between 1900 and 1940, we show that price dynamics combine with industry reliance on specific tariffs to generate large swings in average tariff levels. Intra-policy variation in tariffs is strongly predictive of import growth throughout our sample. Using linked Census data, we quantify the effects of imports on structural change in this era. We find that import growth decreases labor force participation and inhibits the transition into the expanding manufacturing and service sectors, especially among the young.
Informed Choices: Gender Gaps In Career Advice, Yana Gallen, Melanie Wasserman
Informed Choices: Gender Gaps In Career Advice, Yana Gallen, Melanie Wasserman
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
An Assessment Of The Economic Conditions In The City Of Battle Creek, Kathleen Bolter, Jim Robey, Gerrit Anderson
An Assessment Of The Economic Conditions In The City Of Battle Creek, Kathleen Bolter, Jim Robey, Gerrit Anderson
Reports
The City of Battle Creek offers current and future residents many benefits including a lower cost of living, growing health care and manufacturing sectors, and relatively high wages for the region. At the same time, the City of Battle Creek, like many small-sized midwestern cities, faces many challenges. Its workforce is shrinking and aging. Residents lack the educational attainment needed to compete in the twenty-first-century economy. And, economic, social, racial, and ethnic divisions exist within the city. Together, these issues could risk the ability of the City of Battle Creek to reach a new level of competitiveness and attract new …
Youth Disconnection During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Mark Borgschulte, Yuci Chen
Youth Disconnection During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Mark Borgschulte, Yuci Chen
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
Youth Disconnection During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Mark Borgschulte, Yuci Chen
Youth Disconnection During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Mark Borgschulte, Yuci Chen
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper studies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth disconnection—i.e., the share of young people who were neither in school nor at work. Youth disconnection offers important advantages, relative to unemployment or participation rates, as a measure of the labor market for the most marginal and disadvantaged youth. Before the pandemic, approximately one out of eight young people between the ages of 18 and 24 were disconnected. The disconnection rate increased dramatically in April 2020 because of the pandemic; however, it has decreased quickly since that time. The increase in the disconnection rate at the beginning of the …