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Full-Text Articles in Labor Economics

Gender Gaps In Employment And Earnings After Job Loss, Ria Ivandić, Anne Sophie Lassen Nov 2023

Gender Gaps In Employment And Earnings After Job Loss, Ria Ivandić, Anne Sophie Lassen

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Jobseekers’ Beliefs About Comparative Advantage And (Mis)Directed Search, Andrea Kiss, Robert Garlick, Kate Orkin, Lukas Hensel Oct 2023

Jobseekers’ Beliefs About Comparative Advantage And (Mis)Directed Search, Andrea Kiss, Robert Garlick, Kate Orkin, Lukas Hensel

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Worker sorting into tasks and occupations has long been recognized as an important feature of labor markets. But this sorting may be inefficient if jobseekers have inaccurate beliefs about their skills and therefore apply to jobs that do not match their skills. To test this idea, we measure young South African jobseekers’ communication and numeracy skills and their beliefs about their skill levels. Many jobseekers believe they are better at the skill in which they score lower, relative to other jobseekers. These beliefs predict the skill requirements of jobs where they apply. In two field experiments, giving jobseekers their skill …


Gender Gaps In Employment And Earnings After Job Loss, Ria Ivandić, Anne Sophie Lassen Aug 2023

Gender Gaps In Employment And Earnings After Job Loss, Ria Ivandić, Anne Sophie Lassen

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


Gender Gaps From Labor Market Shocks, Ria Ivandić, Anne Sophie Lassen Aug 2023

Gender Gaps From Labor Market Shocks, Ria Ivandić, Anne Sophie Lassen

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Job loss leads to persistent adverse labor market outcomes, but assessments of gender differences in labor market recovery are lacking. We utilize plant closures in Denmark to estimate gender gaps in labor market outcomes and document that women face an increased risk of unemployment and lose a larger share of their earnings in the two years following job displacement. When accounting for observable differences in human Capital across men and women, half of the gender gap in unemployment remains. In a standard decomposition framework, we document that child care imposes an important barrier to women’s labor market recovery regardless of …


Transforming Unemployment Insurance For The Twenty-First Century: A Comprehensive Guide To Reform, Stephen A. Wandner Aug 2023

Transforming Unemployment Insurance For The Twenty-First Century: A Comprehensive Guide To Reform, Stephen A. Wandner

Upjohn Press

This book proposes options and recommendations for comprehensive reform of the unemployment insurance program that was initiated as a social insurance program by the Social Security Act of 1935. It documents the development of the program and its decline since the 1970s. Reform proposals and recommendations are synthesized from reforms suggested by policy analysts and researchers over many decades.


How The Manufacturing Extension Partnership Can Anchor U.S. Workforce Development, Matthew D. Wilson, Nichola Lowe, Greg Schrock, Rumana Rabbani, Allison Forbes Aug 2023

How The Manufacturing Extension Partnership Can Anchor U.S. Workforce Development, Matthew D. Wilson, Nichola Lowe, Greg Schrock, Rumana Rabbani, Allison Forbes

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Why Are Unemployment Insurance Claims So Low?, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline, Thomas A. Stengle, Stephen A. Wandner Aug 2023

Why Are Unemployment Insurance Claims So Low?, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline, Thomas A. Stengle, Stephen A. Wandner

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Can A Payroll Tax Cut For Women Narrow The Gender Gap?, Enrico Rubolino Jul 2023

Can A Payroll Tax Cut For Women Narrow The Gender Gap?, Enrico Rubolino

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


Taxing The Gender Gap: Labor Market Effects Of A Payroll Tax Cut For Women In Italy, Enrico Rubolino Jul 2023

Taxing The Gender Gap: Labor Market Effects Of A Payroll Tax Cut For Women In Italy, Enrico Rubolino

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper studies the labor market effects of a large payroll tax cut for female hires in Italy. Starting in January 2013, the payroll tax rate paid by the employer for female hires was reduced by 50 percent for a period of 12 months for temporary jobs and 18 months for permanent jobs. Eligibility for the tax cut depends on the time elapsed in nonemployment status and varies discontinuously by the worker’s municipality of residence, age, and occupation. Combining social security data on the universe of Italian private-sector workers with several empirical approaches, I find that the tax cut increases …


Testimony To U.S. House Education & Workforce Committee’S Workforce Protections Subcommittee, Aaron Sojourner Jul 2023

Testimony To U.S. House Education & Workforce Committee’S Workforce Protections Subcommittee, Aaron Sojourner

Testimonies

No abstract provided.


Discussant Comments On Hyman Et Al. Paper On California Competes Tax Credit (Cctc), Timothy J. Bartik Jul 2023

Discussant Comments On Hyman Et Al. Paper On California Competes Tax Credit (Cctc), Timothy J. Bartik

Presentations

No abstract provided.


How The Manufacturing Extension Partnership Can Anchor U.S. Workforce Development, Matthew D. Wilson, Nichola Lowe, Greg Schrock, Rumana Rabbani, Allison Forbes Jul 2023

How The Manufacturing Extension Partnership Can Anchor U.S. Workforce Development, Matthew D. Wilson, Nichola Lowe, Greg Schrock, Rumana Rabbani, Allison Forbes

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


Getting The Workforce Into Good Jobs Requires Place-Based Policies, Timothy J. Bartik Jun 2023

Getting The Workforce Into Good Jobs Requires Place-Based Policies, Timothy J. Bartik

Presentations

No abstract provided.


Benefits And Costs Of An Incentive Project Or Program For State Residents: A Model For Flexible Use In Any State, Timothy J. Bartik May 2023

Benefits And Costs Of An Incentive Project Or Program For State Residents: A Model For Flexible Use In Any State, Timothy J. Bartik

Presentations

No abstract provided.


An Introduction To The Bartik Benefit-Cost Model Of Business Incentives, Timothy J. Bartik May 2023

An Introduction To The Bartik Benefit-Cost Model Of Business Incentives, Timothy J. Bartik

Reports

This short report provides an introduction to a new model of the benefits and costs of business incentives to promote state economic development. This model provides potential users—anyone interested in evaluating an incentive project or incentive program in their state—with a model that can be used for practical evaluation purposes, such as deciding whether or not a project should be undertaken, whether or not to expand or terminate a current incentive program, or how an incentive program could be improved by reforms to have higher net benefits. What is most distinctive about the model is that it focuses on how …


Bartik Benefit-Cost Model Of Business Incentives: A User’S Guide, Timothy J. Bartik May 2023

Bartik Benefit-Cost Model Of Business Incentives: A User’S Guide, Timothy J. Bartik

Reports

This “user’s guide” explains a model for evaluating state or local business incentives. These incentives include tax breaks provided by state and local governments to business, to encourage local job growth. The model is intended to be used by state legislative audit bureaus, state and local economic development agencies, university centers for business research, economic development consulting firms, or any group that wants to evaluate an overall economic development program, or individual economic development projects. Users provide information on the incentives provided, and the incented jobs, and the model then produces estimates of the effects of the program on jobs, …


Why Are Unemployment Insurance Claims So Low?, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline, Thomas A. Stengle, Stephen A. Wandner Apr 2023

Why Are Unemployment Insurance Claims So Low?, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline, Thomas A. Stengle, Stephen A. Wandner

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


Why Are Unemployment Insurance Claims So Low?, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline, Thomas A. Stengle, Stephen A. Wandner Apr 2023

Why Are Unemployment Insurance Claims So Low?, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline, Thomas A. Stengle, Stephen A. Wandner

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In this paper, we examine the reasons why unemployment insurance (UI) claims have declined so dramatically over the past three decades. The fall in the UI claims rate is concerning because it suggests a reduced countercyclical effectiveness of the UI program. Additionally, weekly initial UI claims are regarded as an important leading indicator of aggregate economic activity, so their meaning has changed. We use a Oaxaca (1973) decomposition approach to identify the main factors for the decline in claims. The procedure suggests what the level of claims would have been later in the period, had values of variables or parameters …


What Happens To Residents Evicted Under California’S Ellis Act?, Brian J. Asquith Apr 2023

What Happens To Residents Evicted Under California’S Ellis Act?, Brian J. Asquith

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


How Many Independent Contractors Are There And Who Works In These Jobs?, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth C. Truesdale Apr 2023

How Many Independent Contractors Are There And Who Works In These Jobs?, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth C. Truesdale

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Southwest Michigan Wage And Benefits Survey: Van Buren, Kalamazoo, Calhoun, Berrien, Cass, St. Joseph, And Branch Counties, Dakota Mccracken, Val Gipper, Michael Horrigan Apr 2023

Southwest Michigan Wage And Benefits Survey: Van Buren, Kalamazoo, Calhoun, Berrien, Cass, St. Joseph, And Branch Counties, Dakota Mccracken, Val Gipper, Michael Horrigan

Reports

No abstract provided.


College Majors And Skills: Evidence From The Universe Of Online Job Ads, Steven W. Hemelt, Brad J. Hershbein, Shawn Martin, Kevin M. Stange Apr 2023

College Majors And Skills: Evidence From The Universe Of Online Job Ads, Steven W. Hemelt, Brad J. Hershbein, Shawn Martin, Kevin M. Stange

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We use the near universe of U.S. online job ads to document four new facts about the skills employers demand from college majors. First, some skills––social and organizational––are demanded from all majors whereas others––financial and customer service––are demanded from only particular majors. Second, some majors have skill demand profiles that mirror overall demand for college graduates, such as Business and General Engineering, while other majors, such as Nursing and Education, have relatively rare skill profiles. Third, cross-major differences in skill profiles explain considerable wage variation. Fourth, although major-specific skill demand varies across place, this variation plays little role in explaining …


The Decline Of Routine Tasks, Education Investments, And Intergenerational Mobility, Patrick Bennett, Kai Liu, Kjell Salvanes Mar 2023

The Decline Of Routine Tasks, Education Investments, And Intergenerational Mobility, Patrick Bennett, Kai Liu, Kjell Salvanes

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

How does a large structural change to the labor market affect education investments made at young ages? Exploiting differential exposure to the national decline in routine-task intensity across local labor markets, we show that the secular decline in routine tasks causes major shifts in education investments of high school students, where they invest less in vocational-trades education and increasingly invest in college education. Our results highlight that labor demand changes impact inequality in the next generation. Low-ability and low-SES students are most responsive to task-biased demand changes and, as a result, intergenerational mobility in college education increases.


How Many Independent Contractors Are There And Who Works In These Jobs?, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth C. Truesdale Mar 2023

How Many Independent Contractors Are There And Who Works In These Jobs?, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth C. Truesdale

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


The Child And Dependent Care Credit: Unlike Trix, Not Just For Kids, Gabrielle Pepin, Yulya Truskinovsky Mar 2023

The Child And Dependent Care Credit: Unlike Trix, Not Just For Kids, Gabrielle Pepin, Yulya Truskinovsky

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


Not Just For Kids: Child And Dependent Care Credit Benefits For Adult Care, Gabrielle Pepin, Yulya Truskinovsky Mar 2023

Not Just For Kids: Child And Dependent Care Credit Benefits For Adult Care, Gabrielle Pepin, Yulya Truskinovsky

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

As the U.S. population ages, family caregivers face substantial out-of-pocket costs and financial risks while providing the majority of long-term care. The Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC), a tax credit based on income and care spending, subsidizes caregiving expenses but has low participation among adult caregivers. This paper evaluates the CDCC’s current structure, documenting its limited impact on reducing caregiving costs and examining reforms to increase its utility for adult caregivers. Simulations of proposed changes—higher benefits, refundability, and relaxed eligibility requirements—demonstrate potential to expand access and enhance support for family caregivers within the existing policy framework.


The Independent Contractor Workforce: New Evidence On Its Size And Composition And Ways To Improve Its Measurement In Household Surveys, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth Truesdale Feb 2023

The Independent Contractor Workforce: New Evidence On Its Size And Composition And Ways To Improve Its Measurement In Household Surveys, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth Truesdale

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Good data on the size and composition of the independent contractor workforce are elusive, with household survey and administrative tax data often disagreeing on levels and trends. We carried out a series of focus groups to learn how self-employed independent contractors speak about their work. Based on these findings, we designed and fielded a large-scale telephone survey to elicit more accurate and complete information on independent contractors, including those who may be coded incorrectly as employees in conventional household survey data and those who are independent contractors in a secondary work activity. We find that, upon probing, roughly one in …


State Tax Strategies To Reduce Care Costs, Gabrielle Pepin Feb 2023

State Tax Strategies To Reduce Care Costs, Gabrielle Pepin

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


How Do Broad Non-Disclosure Agreements Affect Labor Markets?, Jason Sockin, Aaron Sojourner, Evan Starr Feb 2023

How Do Broad Non-Disclosure Agreements Affect Labor Markets?, Jason Sockin, Aaron Sojourner, Evan Starr

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Estimating The Effects Of The Ada Amendments Act On The Hiring And Termination Of Individuals With Disabilities, Using New Disability Categorizations, Patrick Button, Philip Armour, Simon Hollands Jan 2023

Estimating The Effects Of The Ada Amendments Act On The Hiring And Termination Of Individuals With Disabilities, Using New Disability Categorizations, Patrick Button, Philip Armour, Simon Hollands

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Disability discrimination laws are often used to potentially increase employment for individuals with disabilities. However, legal theory and empirical economics research do not provide conclusive answers as to how expansions in disability discrimination laws affect economic outcomes, namely hiring rates, for individuals with disabilities. We estimate the effect of the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) on employment transitions: hirings and terminations for individuals with disabilities relative to those without disabilities. To calculate employment transitions, we use data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We also use the SIPP to develop additional measures and categorizations of disability based on …