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Articles 1111 - 1140 of 1212
Full-Text Articles in Labor Economics
The Employment And Earnings Impacts Of The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, Kevin Hollenbeck, Richard J. Willke
The Employment And Earnings Impacts Of The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, Kevin Hollenbeck, Richard J. Willke
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit (TJTC) is intended to stimulate the employment of individuals who are members of certain groups of the labor force by providing a wage subsidy (in the form of a tax credit) to employers of recently-hired eligible workers. This intervention into the labor market has direct and indirect earnings and employment consequences for both eligible and ineligible individuals. The paper evaluates the impacts of TJTC by using a treatment and comparison group methodology. Corrections for nonrandom selection are undertaken. The primary sources of data are state quarterly wage record data from the Unemployment Insurance system and …
Who Benefits From State And Local Economic Development Policies?, Timothy J. Bartik
Who Benefits From State And Local Economic Development Policies?, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Press
Bartik reviews evidence on whether state and local policies affect job growth. He then presents empirical data supporting the intentions of such programs, showing that job growth may lead to a number of positive long-term effects including: lower unemployment, higher labor force participation, higher real estate values, and better occupational opportunities. He also shows that the earnings gains to disadvantaged groups outweigh the resulting increased real estate values for property owners, and concludes by saying that regional competition for jobs may actually be a benefit for the nation as a whole.
The Tax Treatment Of Fringe Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury, Wei-Jang Huang
The Tax Treatment Of Fringe Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury, Wei-Jang Huang
Upjohn Press
Woodbury and Huang use econometric models to investigate how changes in the tax treatment of fringe benefits can be expected to influence the level of benefits and compensation provided by employers, federal revenues, and income inequality.
Essays On The Economics Of Discrimination, Emily P. Hoffman Editor
Essays On The Economics Of Discrimination, Emily P. Hoffman Editor
Upjohn Press
This book explores the effects of discrimination on the economic outcomes of various societal groups.
Labor Unions And The Economic Performance Of Firms, Barry T. Hirsch
Labor Unions And The Economic Performance Of Firms, Barry T. Hirsch
Upjohn Press
Hirsch develops a model of union rent-seeking in which the unions capture a share of quasi-rents that make up the normal ROI in long-lived capital and R&D. He finds that in response, firms adjust their investments in vulnerable tangible and intangible capital. Hirsch also attempts to explain the connection between the contraction of the size of unions which occurred in the 1970s and firms' lower profitability, diminished market value, and lower investment levels.
Efficient Bargains In The Context Of Recent Labor Market Experience And Policy, Robert A. Hart, Thomas Moutos
Efficient Bargains In The Context Of Recent Labor Market Experience And Policy, Robert A. Hart, Thomas Moutos
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
In Europe in recent times, bargaining between a leading nationally-based industrial union and a representative group of employers over the issues of employment, wages and working time has proved to be influential in a much wider industrial context. Adopting a generalized Nash bargaining approach, this paper considers the possible effects on such "key" bargains of several prominent labor market events and policies experienced since the middle 1970s. These include the impacts of OPEC supply shocks, changes in union power, greater emphasis on payroll taxes as well as growing government economic orthodoxy as expressed through the goal of a balanced budget.
Interstate Differences In Employer Tax Costs And Worker Benefits Of Unemployment Insurance: A Micro-Simulation Approach, Timothy L. Hunt, Christopher J. O'Leary, Wei-Jang Huang
Interstate Differences In Employer Tax Costs And Worker Benefits Of Unemployment Insurance: A Micro-Simulation Approach, Timothy L. Hunt, Christopher J. O'Leary, Wei-Jang Huang
Reports
This study compares employer unemployment insurance (UI) tax costs and worker UI benefits across the 28 largest industrial states for 1988. The comparison is done using a detailed computerized micro-simulation model which computes the worker UI benefits and employer UI taxes for each state. Assumed characteristics of employers and employees are held constant across the states so that differences in UI costs and benefits among the states can be attributed entirely to differences in UI statutes. The principal findings of this study are: (1) the UI system can be modeled fruitfully at the firm level, (2) there are significant UI …
Evaluation Criteria And Planning Guidelines For Employment Fund Programs In The Republic Of Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research
Evaluation Criteria And Planning Guidelines For Employment Fund Programs In The Republic Of Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research
Reports
No abstract provided.
The Displacement Effect Of Reemployment Bonus Programs, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury
The Displacement Effect Of Reemployment Bonus Programs, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper explores whether reemployment bonuses--cash payments made to insured unemployed workers who find reemployment quickly--have the unintended consequence of displacing workers who are not covered by the bonus program. We develop two partial equilibrium matching models of the labor market, patterned after the work of Diamond (1982), Mortensen (1982), and Pissarides (1984). In the first model, wages are assumed exogenous, in the second endogenous. In both, we find that the direct substitution of covered for uncovered workers (which constitutes displacement) is countered by two offsetting effects : a gross job creation effect, which results from the increased search effort …
Dislocated Worker Human Capital Depreciation And Recovery, Kevin Hollenbeck
Dislocated Worker Human Capital Depreciation And Recovery, Kevin Hollenbeck
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Previous studies have estimated the "human capital depreciation" of women re-entering the work force after voluntary, lengthy interruptions. Those studies have found reduced real wages and furthermore the decrease is positively related to the length of the interruption. Upon re-entry, however, real wages grow rapidly as human capital is restored. This paper develops a model of the wage histories of dislocated workers. Similar to labor force re-entrants, those dislocated workers who become re-employed would experience wages below their final wage prior to dislocation and the decrease should be associated with the length of dislocation. However, the model suggests that since …
Passing The Torch: The Influence Of Economic Incentives On Work And Retirement, Joseph F. Quinn, Richard V. Burkhauser, Daniel A. Myers
Passing The Torch: The Influence Of Economic Incentives On Work And Retirement, Joseph F. Quinn, Richard V. Burkhauser, Daniel A. Myers
Upjohn Press
This book summarizes research on individual retirement decisions and aggregate retirement trends. It also serves as an excellent reference source on the economics of retirement.
The Economics Of Comparable Worth, Mark R. Killingsworth
The Economics Of Comparable Worth, Mark R. Killingsworth
Upjohn Press
Killingsworth provides a clear statement of the definitional and conceptual issues surrounding comparable worth as well as an examination of its actual and potential effects. He also shows how comparable worth might work in alternative labor market settings and provides evidence of the effects of the comparable worth measures implemented in San Jose, Calif., the State of Minnesota, and Australia.
Back To Work: Testing Reemployment Services For Displaced Workers, Howard S. Bloom
Back To Work: Testing Reemployment Services For Displaced Workers, Howard S. Bloom
Upjohn Press
Bloom presents findings from the Texas Worker Adjustment Demonstration, a 2,192-person randomized experimental evaluation of reemployment programs for displaced workers conducted at three sites in Texas. This project demonstrated that a relatively inexpensive mix of job-search assistance and limited occupational skills training can be a cost-effective means of assisting displaced workers.
Labor-Management Cooperation: New Partnerships Or Going In Circles?, William N. Cooke
Labor-Management Cooperation: New Partnerships Or Going In Circles?, William N. Cooke
Upjohn Press
Cooke answers important questions about labor-management cooperative efforts and addresses the problems undermining these efforts. His analyses are based on a variety of secondary data sources plus primary data from three nationwide surveys of plant managers, union leaders, and industry executives. Also included are several prescriptions for the success of labor-management cooperative efforts.
Recent Developments In The Theory Of Involuntary Unemployment, Carl Davidson
Recent Developments In The Theory Of Involuntary Unemployment, Carl Davidson
Upjohn Press
This monograph provides a relatively nontechnical summary of the prominent theories of unemployment that have emerged since 1960: search, disequilibrium, implicit contracts, efficiency wage, and insider/outsider models. Davidson focuses on the overall purpose of each line of research, reviewing selected articles on each of the theories. He then offers clear descriptions that make the topics readily accessible to both students and nonspecialists.
The Earned Income Tax Credit: Antipoverty Effectiveness And Labor Market Effects, Saul D. Hoffman, Laurence S. Seidman
The Earned Income Tax Credit: Antipoverty Effectiveness And Labor Market Effects, Saul D. Hoffman, Laurence S. Seidman
Upjohn Press
The authors begin with a detailed assessment then perform empirical analyses to predict the outcomes of changes to the structure of the program.
Two-Tier Compensation Structures: Their Impact On Unions, Employers, And Employees, James Martin, Thomas D. Heetderks
Two-Tier Compensation Structures: Their Impact On Unions, Employers, And Employees, James Martin, Thomas D. Heetderks
Upjohn Press
Martin conducted a study at a large company where its various wage tier systems allowed assessment of the long-term impact of tiers. Part of this study included the development of a survey designed to explore eight research questions related to tiers and to test five hypotheses of low-tier v. high-tier employees.
Evaluating Social Programs At The State And Local Level: The Jtpa Evaluation Design Project, Ann B. Blalock Editor
Evaluating Social Programs At The State And Local Level: The Jtpa Evaluation Design Project, Ann B. Blalock Editor
Upjohn Press
This book draws upon the JTPA Evaluation Design Project initiated, developed and directed by the Washington State Employment Security Department. The five essays offer practical, instructive guidance about planning and executing program evaluations.
An Econometric Analysis Of Unemployment Insurance Benefits Adequacy, Christopher J. O'Leary
An Econometric Analysis Of Unemployment Insurance Benefits Adequacy, Christopher J. O'Leary
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Traditionally studies of unemployment insurance benefit adequacy have relied on an expenditure survey. This is expensive, yields small samples, and presumes that the analyst knows which categories of expenditure are necessary. This paper uses an existing large data set, and an agnostic approach. Labor supply are equations are estimated on PSID data using an estimator which accounts for rationing in the labor market. The results are used to compute labor market constraint compensation for comparison to payments under UI systems of representative states. The results suggest that payments which meet the accepted standard of adequacy would usually slightly overcompensate individuals.
Does Training Work For Displaced Workers?: A Survey Of Existing Evidence, Duane E. Leigh
Does Training Work For Displaced Workers?: A Survey Of Existing Evidence, Duane E. Leigh
Upjohn Press
Leigh examines nine demonstration projects and operating programs to determine how well public retraining programs for displaced workers fulfill their roles.
The Japanese Labor Market In A Comparative Perspective With The United States: A Transaction-Cost Interpretation, Masanori Hashimoto
The Japanese Labor Market In A Comparative Perspective With The United States: A Transaction-Cost Interpretation, Masanori Hashimoto
Upjohn Press
This study offers a comparative analysis of a number of Japanese labor market features in relation to the U.S. The author examines employer-employee attachment, workforce adjustment, and industrial relations including "unique" Japanese institutions such as joint consultation and consensus-based decision making. Hashimoto argues that cultural-traditional influences, which shape the transaction-cost environment, interacted with technological progress in shaping the various uniquely-Japanese labor market features.
Unemployment Insurance Trust Fund Adequacy In The 1990'S, Wayne Vroman
Unemployment Insurance Trust Fund Adequacy In The 1990'S, Wayne Vroman
Upjohn Press
Vroman introduces a model-based approach to the study of UI financing. He creates simulations for several large states in order to examine a series of funding issues, and analyzes the performance of those state's systems. In addition, he presents the regional aspects of UI funding. Vroman concludes with a brief presentation of UI solvency prospects and a description of a possible federal role in enhancing UI fund solvency.
Current Economic Issues In Employee Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury
Current Economic Issues In Employee Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury
Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Intrastate Differences In Workers' Compensation Costs: October 1986 Closed Case Study, H. Allan Hunt, Leslie E. Lance
Intrastate Differences In Workers' Compensation Costs: October 1986 Closed Case Study, H. Allan Hunt, Leslie E. Lance
Reports
It is the goal of this study to present an empirical description of the Michigan workers' compensation system as of 1986 which will enable the comparison of the operation of the current system with the 1978 system in order to measure the impact of the policy changes implemented in the early 1980s.
Experience Rating Of Unemployment Insurance In Michigan And Other States: A Microeconomic Comparison For 1988, Timothy L. Hunt, Christopher J. O'Leary
Experience Rating Of Unemployment Insurance In Michigan And Other States: A Microeconomic Comparison For 1988, Timothy L. Hunt, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
No abstract provided.
Vag Trust Fund Adequacy, Christopher J. O'Leary
Assisting Displaced Workers: Do The States Have A Better Idea?, Duane E. Leigh
Assisting Displaced Workers: Do The States Have A Better Idea?, Duane E. Leigh
Upjohn Press
This work provides a comprehensive assessment of state initiatives designed to deal with worker displacement. Leigh considers quantitative and qualitative studies of state programs, evaluations of state- and federally-funded demonstration projects and pilot programs, and studies of the design and operation of foreign government programs.
From One Job To The Next: Worker Adjustment In A Changing Labor Market, Adam Seitchik, Jeffrey Zornitsky
From One Job To The Next: Worker Adjustment In A Changing Labor Market, Adam Seitchik, Jeffrey Zornitsky
Upjohn Press
The authors discuss how the structure of job opportunities has changed over the last two decades; specifically the transfer of jobs from manufacturing to service industries. They then link these changes to issues of worker displacement policy and worker mobility.
Strikers And Subsidies: The Influence Of Government Transfer Programs On Strike Activity, Robert M. Hutchens, David B. Lipsky, Robert N. Stern
Strikers And Subsidies: The Influence Of Government Transfer Programs On Strike Activity, Robert M. Hutchens, David B. Lipsky, Robert N. Stern
Upjohn Press
The authors assess laws governing striker eligibility for government transfers, finding evidence linking UI payments to strike activity.
The Wage Carrot And The Pension Stick: Retirement Benefits And Labor Force Participation, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, David A. Wise
The Wage Carrot And The Pension Stick: Retirement Benefits And Labor Force Participation, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, David A. Wise
Upjohn Press
Kotlikoff and Wise document the continued backloading of pension benefits and the extent of retirement incentives by examining pension accrual in over 1,500 companies with defined benefit plans. They also perform a detailed analysis on the retirement plan of a "Fortune 500" company.