Labor Economics Commons^™

Single Mothers And Other Low Earners: Policy Routes To Adequate Wages, Hilda Kahne, Zachary Mabel

Center for Social Policy Publications

This paper addresses the employment environment within which poor single mothers and other low-wage earners work, and identifies policies to foster economic advancement. Low-wage status, often resulting from minimal education and skills, is reinforced by irregular work schedules and more frequent unemployment periods. Despite recent rises in national productivity, low-wage advancement opportunities remain limited and inequality in family income distribution is growing. New policies are needed to extend low-earner career potential.

The paper highlights particularly effective experience of three approaches that enhance earnings of single mothers and other low-wage earners – workforce intermediaries that promote specific job advancement programs, community …

Three Essays On The Black White Wage Gap, Nola Ogunro

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

During the 1960s and early 1970s, the black – white wage gap narrowed significantly, but has remained constant since the late 1980s. The black – white wage gap in the recent period may reflect differences in human capital. A key component of human capital is labor market experience. The first chapter of this dissertation examines how differences in the returns and patterns of experience accumulation affect the black – white wage gap. Accounting for differences in the nature of experience accumulation does not explain the very large gap in wages between blacks and whites. Instead, the wage gap seems to …

Fits & Starts: The Difficult Path For Working Single Parents, Rebecca Loya, Ruth J. Liberman, Randy Albelda, Elisabeth Babcock

Center for Social Policy Publications

With dramatic shifts in the economy in recent years, it has become increasingly difficult for families to move into or stay in the middle class without access to higher education and skills training. Government-sponsored work supports help by providing direct assistance to working families to meet basic needs, such as child care, food, and housing. Yet, many supports do not reach low-wage working families in Massachusetts because of low eligibility thresholds, inadequate funding, limited availability, limited awareness, and numerous barriers to accessing such supports. Even for low-wage workers who do receive key work supports, such as subsidized child care and …

Factors Affecting Income Among Men And Women Psychologists, John Christian

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Income differences between men and women psychologists in independent practice have long been noted. Some have suggested that the differences result from the traditional gender roles in household responsibilities and/or gender differences in career decisions have resulted in men and women pursuing different career paths and making different practice decisions that lead to differing incomes. Others explanations regarding income differences suggest that men work more, charge more, and adapt more efficient practice models that reduce overhead. However, no studies have investigated these hypotheses in relation to the practice patterns of independent practitioners. The current study investigated several hypotheses about factors …

Unemployment And Labor Force Participation Rates Among Racial/Ethnic Groups And Latino Nationalities In The New York Metro Area And The Five Boroughs, Laura Limonic

Center for Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies

Introduction:

This report details the unemployment rates among Latino origin groups and racial/ethnic groups in the New York Metro area. The data are broken down by boroughs and by the eight largest Latino origin groups in New York: Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, Mexicans, Cubans, Colombians, Guatemalans, Peruvians and Ecuadorians.

Methods:

The data for this report were derived from the 2005 American Community Survey published by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data examined in this report are unemployment rates and rates of labor force non-participation rates. The U.S. Census classifies those not in the labor force as anyone who is not working nor …

Population Aging And The Rising Cost Of Public Pensions, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Rapid population aging is raising concerns about the sustainability of public pension systems in high-income countries. The first part of this study identifies the four factors that determine trends in public pension expenditures: population aging, pension benefit levels, the mean age at retirement, and the labor force participation rate. The second part presents projections to 2050 of the impact of demographic trends on public pension expenditures in the absence of changes in pension benefits, labor force participation, and age at retirement. These projections demonstrate that current trends are unsustainable, because without reforms population aging will produce an unprecedented and harmful …

Moyens De Subsistance Des Adolescentes. Questions Primordiales Et Outils Essentiels : Rapport D'Un Atelier, Carey Meyers

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This report, co-published by the Population Council and the International Center for Research on Women, describes a workshop convened in Cairo in 1999 to learn more about the nature of both younger and older adolescents' work experience, differentiate the particular needs and potentials of adolescent girls, and identify programs and policies that might have promise for supporting them.

Globalization, Unemployment, And Excess Capacity : A Model And A Conjecture, Lok Sang Ho

Centre for Public Policy Studies : CPPS Working Paper Series

Using a theoretical model with an industrial world trading with a developing world and assuming no impediment to capital flows, it is shown that an abundant supply of unskilled labor will render real wages for the unskilled close to the subsistence level and will result in excess capacity. The rate of return for traditional manufacturing investment at the margin will decline so funds will seek to invest in financial assets and real property, boosting their prices. Under reasonable assumptions about the income elasticity and the price elasticity of demand for manufacturing products in rich and poor countries, it is shown …

Migrasi Buruh Antarabangsa Di Semenanjung Malaysia: Corak, Polisi Dan Implikasi Ekonomi, Mohd Firdaus Hussin

Student Works (2000-2009)

Transformasi ekonomi dari sektor pertanian kepada sektor perlombongan pada pertengahan abad ke-19 menjadi faktor pendorong kemasukan imigran terutamanya dari Cina dan India. Kegiatan ekonomi yang dijalankan tertumpu di kawasan penempatan imigran ini telah menyebabkan wujudnya bandar-bandar besar seperti Taiping, Kuala Lumpur, Johor Baham dan Seremban yang menjadi pusat komersial dan pusat pentadbiran. Perkembangan ekonomi negara yang berlaku di bandar-bandar utama ini membawa kepada proses urbanisasi. Selepas mencapai kemerdekaan, pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat dipacu oleh sektor perindustrian, perkilangan dan pembuatan serta pengenalan Dasar Ekonomi Barn (1971 - 1990), telah menyebabkan Malaysia mengalami kekurangan tenaga buruh. Kekurangan tenaga buruh berlaku di sektor …

Transnational Labor Mobilizing In Two Mexican Maquiladoras: The Struggle For Democratic Globalization, Victoria Carty

Sociology Faculty Articles and Research

The struggle to improve workers' rights in Mexican maquiladoras and export processing zones elsewhere in the world is central to the politics of global economic integration. State-centered development is increasingly compromised by supranational institutions and trade agreements. Meanwhile, multinational corporations are relocating at an unprecedented rate to overseas locations. Export processing zones are notorious for poor working conditions and result in a "race to the bottom." The maquila sector in Mexico is a prime example of this phenomenon. This article uses two case studies to examine ways in which grassroots organizing has successfully resisted low wages and poor working conditions …

Exploring Children’S Rights In The World Of Work, Jean N. Scandlyn

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Children of Other Worlds: Exploitation in the Global Market by Jeremy Seabrook. London: Pluto, 2001. 166pp.

"Where Did You Go To Law School?" Gatekeeping For The Professoriate And Its Implications For Legal Education, Richard E. Redding

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Social Security's Earnings Test Penalty And The Employment Rates Of Elderly Men Aged 65 To 69, Stephen Rubb

WCBT Faculty Publications

Social Security provides retirement income to eligible elderly individuals who reach age 62 and apply for benefits. Beyond this age, some recipients continue to work on a full- or part-time basis. The Social Security Administration reduces the annual level of benefits for those recipients who have earnings above a specified amount known as the earnings test threshold. Effective in 1990, the earnings test penalty for a person aged 65 to 69 was reduced from 50 cents to 33 cents for every dollar earned in excess of the annually adjusted threshold. The labor supply response to the 1990 reduction in the …

Retirement And High Level Human Capital, Irving Gershenberg

Gerontology Institute Publications

Given that demographic trends in economically advanced industrial countries such as our own continue to shift toward increasingly older, formally retired populations, we need to find ways to keep more of this older retired population productive. Economists and others differ in their estimation regarding the ability and/or willingness on part of the retired to retain, let alone utilize the know-how, the human capital accumulated prior to retirement. This is as true for those who have spent their work life engaged in producing and communicating new ideas and synthesizing and diffusing what is known, those who have accumulated what I term …

Role And Status Of Elderly In The Family : A Case Study In Kampung Sg. Kayu Ara, Yeong An Gan

Student Works (2000-2009)

The purpose of this study is to understand the role and status of the respondents in the family as well as in the society and community. The study looks at among others, their health status; economic participation and contribution; and participation in social and other community activities. The result of this study shows that many older persons remain able and capable. Due to lack of activities at the local level, many older persons are compelled to retire to their own home. They are also ignorance about their own sickness especially when they have limited financial resources. Simple health checks and …

Employee Perception On The Implementation Of The Performance Appraisal System At The University Of Malaya, Sazali Kamaruddin

Student Works (2000-2009)

The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify issues pertaining to the implementation of the current performance appraisal system, the New Remuneration System (NRS) with specific reference to the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This research also tries to examine the effectiveness of the NRS as one of the management tools for the determination of salary increment, promotion, bonuses and other employee benefits. Specifically the study aims to identify employee perception of the current performance appraisal system; whether it is a just and accurate system for the employees of the University of Malaya or otherwise. The result …

The Application Of Attitude Functions To The Study Of Job Attitudes, Alistair Macdonald

Graduate Theses

The current research applied the study of attitude functions to the domain of job attitudes. This study hypothesized that the psychological needs behind attitudes towards the organization would moderate the relationships between job attitudes. Forty-eight surveys were used from a sample of 81 faculty members. No significant moderating effects were found. However, a regression analysis found direct relationships between attitude functions and job attitudes. The social-adjustive (SA) function demonstrated a positive significant relationship with affective commitment and normative commitment. The self-esteem-maintenance function (S-E-M) demonstrated a negative significant relationship with affective commitment, normative commitment, and job satisfaction, and a significant positive …

Older Workers: An Essential Resource For Massachusetts, Peter B. Doeringer, Andrew Sum, David Terkla, Commonwealth Of Massachusetts, Blue Ribbon Commission On Older Workers

Gerontology Institute Publications

The Massachusetts Jobs Council, the Governor’s principal advisory board on workforce development, established the Blue Ribbon Commission on Older Workers in 1997 to analyze the labor market for older workers in the Commonwealth and to recommend policies to improve the economic status of the older labor force. The Commission held numerous hearings, town meetings, and focus groups to solicit the views of older workers, employers, labor organizations, and training professionals, and it reviewed the findings of extensive research on older workers in Massachusetts.

Gender And Generation In Household Labor Supply In Jordan, Mary Kawar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper examines gender and age differences in the labor supply of households in Jordan, and the impact of young women’s employment on gender and generation relations. The objective of the study is to address the issues of gender and generation as factors influencing accessibility to labor markets, and to provide a broader understanding of female employment by exploring age-related factors. Empirically, the study looks at the disproportionate workforce participation of young urban single women in Amman, Jordan, and argues that this generation of working women is evidence of a new stage in the lives of Jordanian women: single employed …

Gender And Generation In Household Labor Supply In Jordan [Arabic], Mary Kawar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper examines gender and age differences in the labor supply of households in Jordan, and the impact of young women’s employment on gender and generation relations. The objective of the study is to address the issues of gender and generation as factors influencing accessibility to labor markets, and to provide a broader understanding of female employment by exploring age-related factors. Empirically, the study looks at the disproportionate workforce participation of young urban single women in Amman, Jordan, and argues that this generation of working women is evidence of a new stage in the lives of Jordanian women: single employed …

Contested Workplace: The Case Of The Strike Of The United Food And Commercial Workers Union Versus Meijer, Barbara Thomas Coventry, Marietta Morrissey

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper examines the struggle between labor and management at four, newly-opened supermarket/discount stores, culminating in a strike. It considers workplace control as an issue in the strike and its resolution. Edwards' typology of workplace control is reviewed, along with other indirect forms of control explored in recent literature. Workers complained most stridently about direct control mechanisms. Workers' objections to technical and bureaucratic control played only a minor part in workers' decision to strike and the work stoppage's outcome. Indirect controls, including customer and gender-specific control mechanisms, were seldom questioned or acknowledged by workers. On the other hand, both the …

The Politics Of Three Case Studies Industrialization, Eve S. Weinbaum

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article analyzes the grassroots efforts of the working and unemployed poor of three Appalachian communities to improve their towns ' devastated economy in an era of rapid economic change and globalization. While all three were beset by plant closings, their forms of political mobilization, both before and after the shutdown, differed. Each group of workers mounted a communitywide campaign designed to convince the company to stay, to induce local government action, to receive pay and benefits due, and to influence state legislation and economic development policy. Mobilization in the wake of a plant closing is rather extraordinary, especially in …

State, Capital And Workers Protests In Egypt, Tamer Abdel-Kader

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Empowering The Next Generation: Girls Of The Maqattam Garbage Settlement, Marie Assaad, Judith Bruce

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of SEEDS explores the challenge of extending earning opportunities and access to valued social roles to young women in the garbage settlement of Maqattam, Egypt. This edition furthermore underscores the degree to which livelihood programs must confront the social circumstances—such as health, marriage, and cultural and family traditions—that play a major role in shaping girls' current and future economic prospects.

Improving Education And Training For Economic Development, Joan Mcrae Stoia

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article explores the connections between workforce quality and economic prosperity, as well as the role of the Massachusetts education and training system, in developing and preserving that quality and supporting the state's key industries. It includes a review of the most recent employment trend and projection data available from the Massachusetts Department of Employment and Training, information about several business-based workplace education models, and a discussion of the specific education and training needs of workers across the age/skill continuum. For the purpose of this discussion, the education and training system are broadly defined to include existing public, private, and …

More On Modes Of Production: A Synthesis Of Some Debates Contextualized For The Philippines, Kathleen Nadeau

Anthropology Faculty Publications

A look into modes of production is one of many possible entry points for the study of society and economy. It was not well developed by Marx who only alluded to it here and there in his works. He introduced the idea in Capital. (1977, Vols. 1, 1974 II, and III), A Contribution to a Critique of Political Economy (1970), and in Pre- Capitalist Economic Formations (1964). While one can read this concept in his other texts, for example in German Ideology (1970), it is from the previously mentioned ones that others, most notably Althusser and Balibar in their Reading …

Male And Female Effort Levels: An Experimental Comparison, Joanne E. Guennewig

Masters Theses

This paper is an experimental economic study that serves two main functions. The first of these is to provide a replication of the findings of Schotter and Weigelt: that when an equal opportunity or affirmative action program is imposed, the effort levels of all employees tend to increase and not just the effort of the parties discriminated against. Secondly, this study looks into the differences between the effort levels shown by men and women in similar situations.

The hypothesis of this paper is that while the effort of all individuals is lowered in the presence of discrimination, the effort levels …

Does Sex Discrimination Exist In Faculty Salaries At Western Kentucky University? An Empirical Examination Of The Wage Gap, Reed Vesey

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This thesis examines wage differentials between male and female faculty salaries at Western Kentucky University. A human capital model of salary determination is examined by using regression analysis on relevant personal and job characteristics of faculty members. A large portion of the wage gap between men and women is explained through differences in the personal and job characteristics. A portion of the wage gap remains unexplained, however, the probability of discrimination playing a substantial role in salary is very small.

Connecticut Local Labor Market Areas 1980, Thomas E. Steahr, Kenneth P. Hadden

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Employment And Income In The Informal Sector Of The Maghreb And Mashreq Countries, Jacques Charmes

Faculty Book Chapters

[abstract not provided]