Labor Economics Commons^™

The Changing Dynamics Of The Employment Gap And Its Macroeconomic Implications, William Brian Gowen

Honors Projects in Economics

There has been much discussion about the sluggish economic recovery out of the recent recession. However, the lag in employment growth is not unique to the most recent recovery. Jobless recoveries have plagued the U.S. economy over the last three business cycles. The reasons for this change have remained largely inconclusive, with several factors highlighted in the current literature. This paper uses Vector Autoregression (VAR) to analyze the employment gap in the United States over the past six decades. Unlike previous studies, it accounts for the most recent recession while also addressing alternative explanations - trade and globalization, government employment, …

Jobs Don’T Grow On Trees, Nicholas Johnson

Undergraduate Research Symposium 2013

Most contemporary macroeconomic models account for unemployment by making the simplifying assumptions that 1) there is an equilibrium level of unemployment and that 2) when the economy is not at that level it will tend towards equilibrium. Implicit in these models is also the assumption that the actual behavior of unemployment does not affect the equilibrium level. This paper joins a growing number of economists pointing out that such assumptions are false: the equilibrium does depend on past behavior, a trait called hysteresis. This paper considers the hysteresis hypothesis by using an iterated version of OLS to construct a series …

Internal Communication In Ireland Before And During The Economic Recession From The Perspective Of Communication Practice, Technology, And Ethics, Laoise O'Murchú

Doctoral

Internal communication in Ireland from the ‘celtic tiger’ era through to the economic
recession from the perspective of: communication practice, technology and ethics.
This thesis examines the practice of internal communication in Irish public and
private sector organisations during 2007/8 and 2010. This period spans the end of
Ireland’s ‘celtic tiger’ economy and the development of a major recession. All the
case study organisations have been affected by the credit crunch and are experiencing
economic, financial and ethical challenges.
The practices of internal communication in Ireland has evaded in depth academic
examination in communications literature. Therefore, the contribution to knowledge …

La Génération Perdue: Youth Unemployment In France And The Policies Behind It, Katharine L. O'Kane

Senior Honors Projects

In the 1970s, the world began moving towards free market policies. Open borders, lower taxes, and market-based economies became more prominent as centrally planned governments declined in both number and significance. In order to participate in European trade and to enhance its global position, France also moved towards decentralization. French socialists became less concerned with centralized government, yet continued to preserve their strong national desire to protect French citizens. France experienced substantial growth in its employment costs during the 1980s. By the early 1990s, France introduced labor contracts that better defined the duration of employment. These contracts pressured French companies …

Sectoral Changes And The Increase In Women's Labor Force Participation, Rahşan Akbulut

Business Faculty Articles and Research

Throughout the second half of the 20th century, women in the United States decided to move increasingly into the labor market. This paper investigates the growth of the service sector as an explanation for the increase in women's employment. It develops an economic model that can account for the increase in women's employment and the growth of the service sector at the same time. A growth model with two sectors and a home production technology is constructed in order to quantitatively assess the contribution of sectoral productivity differences to the change in women's employment decision. The sectoral productivities are taken …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 2010, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

2010 annual report reviews the operations of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and appraises the macroeconomic policies in 2010. the report is structured into two parts. Part 1 reviews the corporate operations of the bank, while the part 2 evaluates the performance of the economy against the challenges in both the thrust of monetary policy and other financial measures was to improve liquidity and enhance the efficiency and stability of the financial system without compromising the primary goal of monetary and price stability.

The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 2, Spring 2008

Gettysburg Economic Review

No abstract provided.

A Current Microeconometric Assessment Of The Racial Wage Gap In The United States, David H. Krisch

Gettysburg Economic Review

Minority groups in the United States promoted affirmative action legislation in the 1960s during the civil rights movement to help ease the inequalities suffered in their economic history. Many labor economists have sought since this time to study the effects of race, gender, and the effect of income – how it has changed and if the gap has closed. Existing literature uses many different econometric models to show how the effects of race, gender, age, occupation, educational attainment, and geographic location on an individual comparative basis. This paper will examine the effects of all of these variables jointly using an …

Ral, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (2008, November 18). RAL (Eco 104) [Unpublished handwritten manuscript].

• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Labor process transformation (RAL) [Unpublished handwritten manuscript].

• Shaikh, A. (1998, March 12). Inflation and unemployment (Lang 6061) [Unpublished handwritten manuscript].

• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Causes of unemployment [Unpublished handwritten manuscript].

• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). RAL: Eco 105 [Unpublished handwritten manuscript].

Distance To Frontier And The Big Swings Of The Unemployment Rate: What Room Is Left For Monetary Policy?, Hian Teck Hoon, Kong Weng Ho

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper builds upon Hoon and Phelps (1992, 1997) to ask how much of the evolution of the unemployment rate over several decades in country can be explained by real factors in an equilibrium model of the natural rate where country's productivity growth depends upon its distance from the world's technological leader. One motivating contemporary example includes the evolution of unemployment rates in Europe as it recovered from the second world war and caught up technologically to the US. Another example that may be less familiar to many people is Singapore (the second fastest growing economy from 1960 to 2000 …

The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 1, Spring 2006

Gettysburg Economic Review

No abstract provided.

Inflation Nairu, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Galbraith, J. K. (2004, July/August). Fed ache: A review of A term at the Fed: An insider’s view: The people and policies of the world’s most powerful institution, by L. H. Meyer. The Washington Monthly, 36(7–8), 56–59.

• Espinosa-Vega, M. A., & Russell, S. (1997). History and theory of the NAIRU: A critical review. Economic Review (Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta), 82(2), 4–25.

The Impact Of The 1997 Economic Crisis On The Labour Market In Malaysia, Janitha Nadarajah

Student Works (2000-2009)

Malaysia's rapid economic growth since 1988 was sustained through 1995, between the year's real gross domestic product (GDP) growth was generally above 8% per annum. Malaysia's impressive decade - long growth came to an abrupt halt during the Asian economic crisis, which occurred in July 1997. The crisis had caused massive capital movements and all of Southeast Asia countries had been severely affected. This research paper analyzes the impact of the economic crisis on the labour market in Malaysia. The analysis focuses on employment growth, retrenchment and job opportunities. The full impact of the crisis was clear in 1998 when …

Inflation Conflict Models, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Screpanti, E. (1997, October). Wages, inflation and employment: A dynamic model (Quaderni del Dipartimento di Economia Politica No. 217). Siena, Italy: Dipartimento di Economia Politica, Università degli Studi di Siena.

• Stirati, A. (2001). Inflation, unemployment and hysteresis: An alternative view. Review of Political Economy, 13(4), 427–451.

• Scitovsky, T. (1983). The demand-side economics of inflation (with comments by A. J. Brown & J. Flemming). In D. Worswick & J. Trevithick (Eds.), Keynes and the modern world: Proceedings of the Keynes centenary conference (pp. 223–254). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

• Robinson, A., Braithwaite, R., …

The Phillips Curve In The 1990s, Hayden Smith

University Avenue Undergraduate Journal of Economics

This paper will explore whether or not the Phillips curve relationship exists for the 1990s. I will attempt to estimate a Phillips curve for the past decade using data for the United States. In section two, I will explain the theory behind the Phillips curve and how the theory has evolved. In section three, I will present a literature review discussing previous research and results. Section four will present my empirical model and data. In section 5, I will present my results and discuss econometric problems such as serial correlation that may lead to biased estimates. In section six I …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1997, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

In 1997, Nigeria experienced its third consecutive year of macroeconomic stability, resulting in modest improvement in domestic output growth and a persistently low inflation rate. The balance of payments position showed a modest surplus, and significant success was achieved in reducing domestic liquidity growth. Domestic output expanded further due to increased agricultural output and crude petroleum production, while the inflation rate declined further. Domestic output, measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), increased by 3.8% in 1997, as against the average growth rate of 2.3% in the preceding three years. The fight against inflation was highly successful, reaching a single …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, December 1997, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from documents like balance sheets and financial statements, which are designed for legal and administrative purposes rather than economic analysis. The Financial Statistics Office compiles the analytical CBN balance sheet without major reclassifications or rearrangements. However, due to problems with imprecise definitions, improper classification, inadequate sectorization, inaccuracies, irregular valuation procedures, and errors in data compilation, major revisions were made. The Computer Services Department generates summary and detailed analytical balance sheets based on the end-month BANKOS 302 of the CBN, Lagos branch. The consolidation of accounts of monetary authorities and deposit money banks produces monetary survey accounts. …

Introducing Students To The Competing Schools Of Thought In Intermediate Macroeconomics, Harlan M. Smith Ii

Economics Faculty Research

The article discusses how the intermediate macroeconomics instructor can introduce students to ways of old and new Keynesians and classical theorists addressed the question on why output and employment fluctuate. Keynesian macroeconomics characterizes a school of thought developed around two central prepositions. New Keynesians develop alternative ways of explaining short-run movements in output and employment in the early 1970's. All individuals maximize utility, firm maximizes profits. Recently, new classicals developed an alternative approach in explaining short-run fluctuation in employment and output by redefining the concept of the short run.

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin June 1997, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from financial statements and balance sheets, which are designed to meet legal and administrative requirements rather than economic analysis needs. The Finance and Accounts Department prepares the CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department to compile the CBN analytical accounts. However, major revisions were made due to imprecise definitions, improper classification, inadequate sectorization, inaccuracies, irregular valuation procedures, and errors in data compilation on foreign assets. The Computer Services Department uses high-level computing to generate both summary and detailed analytical balance sheets based on the end-month BANKOS 302 of the CBN, Lagos branch. The consolidation …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, December 1996, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from documents like balance sheets and financial statements to meet legal and administrative requirements, rather than economic analysis. The Finance and Accounts Department prepares the CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department, while the Financial Statistics Office compiles the analytical CBN balance sheet. Monetary authorities and deposit money banks consolidate accounts to produce monetary survey accounts. Monthly interest rate returns compute weighted average lending and deposit interest rates, and deposit rates are computed for various maturities. Clearing house statistics show the number and value of cheques cleared within the commercial banking system, reflecting the …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, June 1996, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from documents like balance sheets and financial statements, which are primarily designed for legal and administrative purposes. The Finance and Accounts Department uses Bloomberg sources to prepare CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department to compile analytical accounts. The Financial Statistics Office compiles the analytical CBN balance sheet without reclassifications or rearrangements of available accounting data. The consolidation of accounts of monetary authorities and deposit money banks produces monetary survey accounts. Monthly interest rate returns are used to compute weighted average lending and deposit interest rates. Deposit rates are computed for various maturities. Clearing …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, December 1995, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from balance sheets and financial statements, which are primarily designed for legal and administrative purposes rather than economic analysis. The Finance and Accounts Department prepares the CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department, using the monthly return of Assets and Liabilities and the summary trial balance as benchmarks. The Financial Statistics Office compiles the analytical CBN balance sheet without major reclassifications or rearrangements. The consolidation of accounts of monetary authorities and deposit money banks produces monetary survey accounts. Deposit money banks are highly prone to volatility and fragility, making them subject to regulations and …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, June 1995, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from balance sheets and financial statistics, which are designed for various logistical and administrative requirements rather than economic analysis. Final data compilation involves aggregating the financial system's accounts to discern macroeconomic tendencies. The Finance and Accounts Department prepares the CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department, using the monthly return of Assets and Liabilities (BANKOS 324) as a benchmark and the summary trial balance (BANKOS 302) as a source for detailed information. The Financial Statistics Office consolidates the accounts of monetary authorities and deposit money banks, producing monetary survey accounts. Deposit money banks are …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1994, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

In 1994, Nigeria faced economic challenges such as declining GDP growth, inflation, and a weakened external sector due to expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, political unrest, and labor issues. Despite this, the global economy saw stronger recovery in industrialized countries and developing regions like Asia and Latin America. The Nigerian economy struggled with slow growth, manufacturing decline, rising inflation, large budget deficit, and weakened external sector performance. Efforts to stabilize the exchange rate were hindered by differences between official and unofficial market rates. Internationally, there were improvements in the world economy with higher growth rates in developed and developing countries. …

Social Wage Us Paper, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A., PhD., & Tonak, E. A. (1987). The welfare state and the myth of the social wage. In The imperiled economy, Book I: Macroeconomics from a left perspective. Publisher details not identified.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1989, September 11). Revisions for OECD studies [Handwritten notes]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1989, September 13). Revisions to Shaikh/Tonak paper [Handwritten notes]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1989, September 11). Country studies [Handwritten notes]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). Labor benefit, tax rates, unemployment rate, and real wages [Printed graphs]. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1989, December 22). Social …

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Capacity Utilization, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Capacity utilization, FRB commerce, vend, workweek, notes, data on K-stock / utilization [Folder cover label]. Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Unpublished manuscript.

• Productivity and technical change. Griliches, Z. (1986, Spring). NBER Reporter. National Bureau of Economic Research.

• NIPA profits “bulge,” 1961–1965 [Handwritten notes by Anwar Shaikh, PhD]. Shaikh, A. (1982, August 15). Unpublished manuscript.

• Pre-tax profit rate, non-financial corporations [Handwritten graph and table by Anwar Shaikh, PhD]. Shaikh, A. (1982, August 14). Unpublished manuscript.

• The role of conditions of utilization in Marx’s theory of the rate of profit [Handwritten notes by Anwar …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1983, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

In 1983, Nigeria's economy experienced severe stagflation, with GDP falling by 4.4%, more than the 3.4% decline recorded in 1982. Domestic inflation was 23.2%, more than three times the 7.7% recorded in 1982. The external sector also suffered from the general malaise, with the recorded value of external trade falling from N21.3 billion in 1982 to N17.3 billion in 1983. Agricultural production fell sharply due to severe droughts, bush fires, and diseases/pest infestations in livestock and crops. The volume of primary commercial energy consumed increased, with the index going up by 4.4% in 1983. Inflationary pressures intensified due to the …

An Address By Alhaji Abdulkadir Ahmed, Governor, Central Bank Of Nigeria, At The 12th Annual General Meeting Of Manufacturers Association Of Nigeria On Wednesday, 9th March, 1983, Abdulkadir Ahmed

Economic and Financial Review

This is an address by Alhaji Abdulkadir Ahmed, Governor, Central Bank of Nigeria, at the 12th Annual General Meeting of Manufacturers Association of Nigeria, on the theme " The Problem of Over-dependence of the Nigerian Economy on Imports".

An Assessment Of The Validity Of The Unemployment Variable As A Determinant Of Changes In Money Wages In Wage-Estimation Models, James L. Jennings

Economics Theses & Dissertations

No abstract.

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1966, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

CBN Annual Report and Statement of Accounts for 1966 discussed the economic performance of Nigeria with emphasis on inflation rate, GDP growth, exchange rate stability, banking sector performance, monetary policy, financial stability, fiscal policy, and regulatory updates. The state of the Nigerian economy in 1966 was dictated mainly by the social and political uncertainties that engulfed the country beginning in 1965. The country experienced mounting political problems in 1965, which, by the fourth quarter of that year, had become an important factor in the future investment plans of the business community. A growing burden of external debt and the slow-down …