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Economics and Finance in Indonesia

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Beyond Numbers: Governance, Capital Structure, And The Contribution Of Village Cooperatives To Regional Economic Output In Indonesia, Mohamad Dian Revindo, M. Fajar Ramadhan, Nia Kurnia Sholihah, Indri Br Situmorang, Hilda Fachrizah Jun 2026

Beyond Numbers: Governance, Capital Structure, And The Contribution Of Village Cooperatives To Regional Economic Output In Indonesia, Mohamad Dian Revindo, M. Fajar Ramadhan, Nia Kurnia Sholihah, Indri Br Situmorang, Hilda Fachrizah

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Although cooperatives are widely regarded as an important part of Indonesia’s economy and have a  large membership base, the contribution of cooperatives to regional economic output in Indonesia has never been systematically examined. This study provides the first multi-year, fixed-effects panel evidence of cooperative–GRDP linkages for all 34 Indonesian provinces (2017–2023) in a Cobb-Douglas production function framework with province and year fixed effects. Two outcome variables are estimated: Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and the Unemployment Rate (Unemp). The findings indicate that active cooperatives are associated with higher provincial GRDP and lower open unemployment; despite, the associations should be read …


Understanding Formal Financial Access In Indonesia: Evidence From Micro Data, M. Aulia Rachman, Yozi Aulia Rahman, Maulida Dewi Pangestika, Risanda Alirastra Budiantoro Jun 2026

Understanding Formal Financial Access In Indonesia: Evidence From Micro Data, M. Aulia Rachman, Yozi Aulia Rahman, Maulida Dewi Pangestika, Risanda Alirastra Budiantoro

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This study examines the determinants of access to formal financial institutions using secondary household survey data from Indonesian Family Life Survey, Wave 5 (IFLS-5). Logistic regression analysis reveals that loan amount, savings, education level, age, housing status, and internet usage are positively and significantly associated with greater access. Individuals with higher savings, higher education, and homeownership exhibit a higher probability of utilizing formal financial services. Although the significance of internet usage varies across models, it remains a strong predictor when properly controlled, particularly due to its role in enhancing digital literacy. In contrast, income and health insurance ownership do not …


Firms Heterogeneity In Indonesia’S Manufacturing And Services Sectors, Rizki Nauli Siregar Dec 2025

Firms Heterogeneity In Indonesia’S Manufacturing And Services Sectors, Rizki Nauli Siregar

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Firm heterogeneity is the building block of modern trade theories. One of its important implications is that comparative advantage is driven by firm productivity, rather than sector differences across countries. Despite the prevalence of this framework, there has not been any systematic documentation on firm heterogeneity in Indonesia’s man ufacturing and services firms. Using the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) data for Indonesia in 2015 and 2023, we confirm that there is firm heterogeneity in the form of size and productivity dispersion in both of the economy’s manufacturing and services sectors. We also find no strong association between size and …


Tracking Impact: Leveraging Pre-Existing Monitoring Tools For Assessing Indonesia’S Free Nutritious Meal (Makan Bergizi Gratis) Programme, Putu Geniki Lavinia Natih Aug 2025

Tracking Impact: Leveraging Pre-Existing Monitoring Tools For Assessing Indonesia’S Free Nutritious Meal (Makan Bergizi Gratis) Programme, Putu Geniki Lavinia Natih

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Indonesia’s Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) programme is among the largest school feeding initiatives globally, yet its rapid scale-up has outpaced the development of a robust monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) framework capable of assessing welfare-relevant outcomes. This paper examines whether pre-existing national survey instruments can be leveraged to strengthen outcome monitoring in the absence of MBG-specific microdata. Focusing on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) collected through Indonesia’s National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas), the study first situates experiential food insecurity within Indonesia’s broader food security landscape. It then applies a propensity score matching framework using participation in the Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai …


Pension Funds For Housing Development In Indonesia: Challenges And Strategies, Thomas Soseco, Anggari Marya Kresnowati, Ayu Dwidyah Rini Jun 2025

Pension Funds For Housing Development In Indonesia: Challenges And Strategies, Thomas Soseco, Anggari Marya Kresnowati, Ayu Dwidyah Rini

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Housing infrastructure is necessary to improve the quality of life of the community, yet a recent assessment of housing infrastructure development in Indonesia highlights a low level of performance. Therefore, actions are needed to stimulate it through pension funds, which remain minimally utilized for direct investment in the housing sector. This research investigates the potential and challenges of using pension funds for housing investment in Indonesia, employing Input Output (IO) Analysis with data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The findings reveal a significant gap between the potential and realized pension fund investments, indicating the substantial capacity of pension funds to be …


Non-Tariff Measures On Indonesian Tea Products: Do Sps And Tbt Impede Or Promote The Export?, Fikri Aldi Dwi Putro, Widyastutik Widyastutik, Nia Kurniawati Hidayat Jun 2025

Non-Tariff Measures On Indonesian Tea Products: Do Sps And Tbt Impede Or Promote The Export?, Fikri Aldi Dwi Putro, Widyastutik Widyastutik, Nia Kurniawati Hidayat

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Previous studies highlight the heterogeneous effects of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) on international trade. This study identifies the enforcement of NTMs and examines the effects on the export performance of Indonesian tea products. This study employed an inventory (coverage ratio) approach and panel regression with the Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method. The results indicate that 31 out of 36 analyzed destination countries enforce NTMs, with Vietnam imposing the most prevalent ones. Furthermore, SPS measures substantially promote the export of Indonesian tea products, whereas TBT measures show no significant effect. Therefore, the government needs to provide incentives and harmonize the national Voluntary …


Financial Inclusion In Indonesia: An Analysis Of Determinants Of Bank Account Ownership And Credit Access At Individual And Regional Levels, Rindi Ardika Melsalasa Sahputri, Sujarwoto Sujarwoto, Septiana Sihombing, Muhamad Galy Njoman Dec 2024

Financial Inclusion In Indonesia: An Analysis Of Determinants Of Bank Account Ownership And Credit Access At Individual And Regional Levels, Rindi Ardika Melsalasa Sahputri, Sujarwoto Sujarwoto, Septiana Sihombing, Muhamad Galy Njoman

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Financial inclusion is widely recognized as a key driver of economic prosperity, yet many countries face considerable challenges in achieving it. This study empirically explores financial inclusion in Indonesia, focusing on bank account ownership and credit access, with the primary objective of identifying their determinants through a comparison of individual- and regional-level factors. Individual-level factors cover sociodemographic characteristics, poverty, and income inequality, while regional-level factors include regional economic development and financial infrastructure. Data were sourced from the National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) and the Village Potential Survey (PODES), consisting of 804,703 samples across 514 districts. A multilevel regression approach, using Generalized …


Revealing The Dual Dynamics: Transient And Persistent Efficiencies Of The Indonesian Provincial Economies, Mohammad Zeqi Yasin, Fichrie Fachrowi Adli Dec 2024

Revealing The Dual Dynamics: Transient And Persistent Efficiencies Of The Indonesian Provincial Economies, Mohammad Zeqi Yasin, Fichrie Fachrowi Adli

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

We examine the decomposition of technical efficiency components into transient and persistent horizons applied to the 33 provincial economies in Indonesia. Focusing on the post-decentralization era in 2002–2022, we employ Stochastic Frontier Analysis to gauge efficiency dynamics for time-variant and time-invariant evolution. We reveal that the persistent inefficiencies outweigh transient ones, implying the persistent inefficient behavior of Indonesian provinces. We also capture that East Nusa Tenggara and several provinces in Eastern Indonesia show the most lagged-behind in terms of persistent inefficiency severity, suggesting necessity of structural changes through more strategic and specific development models beyond mere heterogeneous input reallocation.


How Millennials Make Investment Decisions: Financial Literacy And Financial Behavior, Dewi Tamara, Anita Maharani Dec 2024

How Millennials Make Investment Decisions: Financial Literacy And Financial Behavior, Dewi Tamara, Anita Maharani

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This study investigates the effect of financial literacy, financial attitude, risk perception, and financial behavior on investment decisions. Employing a survey method with 342 respondents in Jakarta, the findings reveal that financial literacy has a negative and insignificant effect on investment decisions. In contrast, risk perception plays a crucial role in influencing investment decisions. Furthermore, financial behavior has an indirect mediating effect between financial literacy and risk perception on investment decisions but does not affect financial attitude. This study concludes that risk perception and financial behavior are important factors in investment decisions. Future research may consider incorporating other variables such …


The Effect Of Tax Avoidance, Tax Rate Change, And Sustainability Disclosure On Earnings Management, I Putu Hendy Bimantara Dinata, Asqolani Asqolani Jun 2024

The Effect Of Tax Avoidance, Tax Rate Change, And Sustainability Disclosure On Earnings Management, I Putu Hendy Bimantara Dinata, Asqolani Asqolani

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of tax avoidance, changes in tax rates, and sustainability disclosures on earnings management. The sample in this study is public companies listed on the IDX for the period 2018–2021. The results of this study indicate that tax avoidance has no effect on earnings management. In addition, after the reduction in the corporate income tax rate, companies tend to conduct earnings management to reduce revenue. In the sustainability aspect, environmental sustainability disclosure has no effect on earnings management, while social sustainability disclosure has a positive effect on earnings management. The results of this study …


Identifying Risk-Taking Behavior And Prudent Asset Allocation In Pension Funds In Indonesia, Mohammad Alvin Prabowosunu, Reza Yamora Siregar, Rosi Melati, Devan Hadrian, Rizky Rizaldi Ronaldo Jun 2024

Identifying Risk-Taking Behavior And Prudent Asset Allocation In Pension Funds In Indonesia, Mohammad Alvin Prabowosunu, Reza Yamora Siregar, Rosi Melati, Devan Hadrian, Rizky Rizaldi Ronaldo

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This research aims to investigate asset allocation strategies in the pension fund industry in Indonesia in relation to liability profiles and risk-taking behavior. Utilizing data on market returns for each asset class and several financial indicators of pension funds, we applied the risk-taking behavior model proposed by Andonov & Rauh (2022) and a modified model to observe the Liability-Driven Investment (LDI) strategies of pension funds in Indonesia. We discovered that private defined contribution pension fund schemes (PPIP) tend to exhibit higher risk-taking behavior, primarily through investment allocation in equities. On the other hand, private defined benefit pension funds (PPMP) demonstrate …


The Effect Of Financial Inclusion On Food Security: Evidence From Developing And Developed Countries, Yasmin Yasmin, Sekar Utami Setiastuti Dec 2023

The Effect Of Financial Inclusion On Food Security: Evidence From Developing And Developed Countries, Yasmin Yasmin, Sekar Utami Setiastuti

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This study investigates the global impact of financial inclusion on food security, with a focus on both developing and developed countries. The study constructs a financial inclusion index using the Sarma method and secondary data sourced from IMF and World Bank databases. System GMM is employed as the estimation method due to its effectiveness in addressing endogeneity issues and its efficient and consistent use of instruments. The analysis reveals that financial inclusion has a positive and statistically significant effect on food security across all research sub-samples. In addition, the study incorporates interaction variables between financial inclusion and the COVID-19 pandemic …


Sociodemographic Effects On Financial Inclusion: Implications From Online Transaction In Developing-8 Countries, Dyah Titis Kusuma Wardani, Navi'ah Khusniati, Susilo Nur Aji Cokro Darsono Jun 2023

Sociodemographic Effects On Financial Inclusion: Implications From Online Transaction In Developing-8 Countries, Dyah Titis Kusuma Wardani, Navi'ah Khusniati, Susilo Nur Aji Cokro Darsono

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

The world has reached the industry 4.0, where technological developments have been widely applied to electronic payment, with no exception on Muslim countries. This study aims to investigate association between sociodemographic and financial inclusion in country D-8 in the probability of using online financial transactions. Using The Global Findex 2017 from D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation included in OIC countries and the logistic regression, this study explores the effect of sociodemographic namely gender, education, income status and working status on online financial transactions users. Using control variables such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Inflation and Exchange reta, results show that, …


The Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Local Fiscal Revenue: Empirical Evidence From The Regions With Dominant Tertiary Sectors, Aisyah Nurrul Jannah, Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik Dec 2022

The Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Local Fiscal Revenue: Empirical Evidence From The Regions With Dominant Tertiary Sectors, Aisyah Nurrul Jannah, Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

The COVID-19 crisis has devastatingly affected social and economic sectors, including service or tertiary sectors such as banking, insuran;ce, hospitality, telecommunications, and industrial services. The pandemic has also aggravated fiscal conditions along with the slowing economy. This paper aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on local own-source revenue in regions with dominant tertiary sectors and to examine how a fiscal incentive policy can increase the local own-source revenue. We applied the difference-in-difference panel random effect method by estimating total revenue and local own-source revenue as the outcome variables. The treatment variable is the districts/cities with dominant tertiary sectors of …


The Nonlinear Impact Of Payment System Innovation On Financial System Stability In The Asean-4 Countries, Mahjus Ekananda Dec 2022

The Nonlinear Impact Of Payment System Innovation On Financial System Stability In The Asean-4 Countries, Mahjus Ekananda

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

The increasing growth of financial system encourages payment system innovation that can affect financial system stability, particularly in ASEAN countries. This study explored a variety of payment system innovation, i.e. debit cards, credit cards, electronic money, and RTGS. The financial system stability index is measured by calculating the composite indexes of non-performing loans, Z-score from ROA and CAR, share price volatility, and yield bonds. The components of the indexes are structured to reflect risks from the banking, stock, and bond markets. The resulting index value indicates the level of risk in the financial system. A higher index specifies a higher …


Simultaneous Relationship Between Financial Inclusion, Economic Growth, And Income Inequality In Sulawesi Island, 2011-2019, Adella Siti Nursaliyawati, Siskarossa Ika Oktora Dec 2022

Simultaneous Relationship Between Financial Inclusion, Economic Growth, And Income Inequality In Sulawesi Island, 2011-2019, Adella Siti Nursaliyawati, Siskarossa Ika Oktora

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Sulawesi Island has fairly high economic growth but is not followed by a significant decrease in income inequality. Therefore, a new strategy is needed to overcome these problems, one of them by increasing the role of the financial sector through financial inclusion. This study aims to analyze the relationship between financial inclusion, economic growth, and income inequality, as well as the factors influencing them in Sulawesi Island from 2011 to 2019. The analytical method used is the simultaneous equation model with panel data using the EC2SLS model. The results show that there is a simultaneous relationship between financial inclusion and …


Household Size And Household Wealth In Indonesia With The Influence Of Spatial Aspects, Thomas Soseco Dec 2022

Household Size And Household Wealth In Indonesia With The Influence Of Spatial Aspects, Thomas Soseco

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Investigating household wealth should also include spatial analysis to capture the influence of location on the households’ net wealth and to avoid underestimation of the effect of the change of variables due to estimation that ignores spatial aspects. This paper examines factors influencing household net wealth in Indonesia with the influence of spatial lag using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) for 1993–2014. The article relies on the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to analyze the data. Results show that household net wealth in Indonesia is spatially related to each other, and the spillover effect makes the change of …


Economic Growth And Co2 Emission In Asean: Panel-Ardl Approach, Feriansyah Feriansyah, Hari Nugroho, Aura Asyda Larre, Qori’Atul Septiavin, Cintya Khairun Nisa Dec 2022

Economic Growth And Co2 Emission In Asean: Panel-Ardl Approach, Feriansyah Feriansyah, Hari Nugroho, Aura Asyda Larre, Qori’Atul Septiavin, Cintya Khairun Nisa

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This paper investigates the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions from 1994 to 2018 using a panel approach from eight ASEAN countries. We found an established result using the Panel ARDL Pooled Mean Group method. First, the panel Cointegration analysis shows a significant long-term relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions. Second, the error correction mechanism shows a stable and consistent value. Third, we found that GDP has a significant long-term effect on CO2 emissions in ASEAN countries. Fourth, our results also show that GDP significantly impacts CO2 emissions in the short term for four countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and …


Constructing Indonesian Digital Economy Index In Determining Economic Policy Priorities Amidst The Covid-19 Pandemic, Diah Rukmana Sari, Nasrudin Nasrudin Jun 2022

Constructing Indonesian Digital Economy Index In Determining Economic Policy Priorities Amidst The Covid-19 Pandemic, Diah Rukmana Sari, Nasrudin Nasrudin

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

The constant increase in the number of internet users in Indonesia amid a sluggish economy caused by the Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy is a great opportunity for a digital-based economy. However, the unavailability of relevant macroeconomic statistical measurements inhibits the digital economy from being determined as a policy priority amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. This study offers an alternative measurement of the digital economy of Indonesia by establishing Digital Economy Index (DEI). This study discovers that digital economic activities in Indonesia have grown rapidly with an average growth of almost nine percent quarterly. On the other hand, this study also …


Does It Pay To Be Good? The Performance Of Indonesian Green Companies From 2009 - 2018, Ega Annisa Rizti, Berli Martawardaya Apr 2022

Does It Pay To Be Good? The Performance Of Indonesian Green Companies From 2009 - 2018, Ega Annisa Rizti, Berli Martawardaya

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

In Indonesia, KEHATI Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRI) Index, hereafter referred to as SKI, aims to raise public awareness and help pro-environmental investors by selecting 25 highly rated public companies that adhere to the internationally accepted green business standard. This paper compared the financial performance of the companies listed in SKI and their counterparts between the period of January 2009 and December 2018 by predicting their future opening price of stock, comparing the performance of SKI to JKSE market index, and examining their financial performance using ROA and ROE as dependent variables. The findings suggest that being included in SKI …


The Impact Of Foreign Investment On Firm Performance: Indonesia After The 2007 Fdi Reform, Nauval Hafiluddin, Arianto Arif Patunru Apr 2022

The Impact Of Foreign Investment On Firm Performance: Indonesia After The 2007 Fdi Reform, Nauval Hafiluddin, Arianto Arif Patunru

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a crucial role in the economy of Indonesia. The new FDI law passed in 2007 serves as a new milestone in the FDI regime in Indonesia. As the country implements the new regulation, the impact of foreign investment on firm performance becomes an interesting subject. This paper aims to estimate the effect of foreign investment on the productivity and contribution of firms in relation to the new FDI law in Indonesia. This study employed a combination of Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Difference-in-Differences (DiD) methods to eliminate endogeneity problems and to examine causality. We discover …


Why The Rate Of Return Of Religious School (Madrasah) Is Too Low: The Case In Indonesia, Elfindri Elfindri, Edi Ariyanto, Sri Maryati, Delfia Tanjung Sari Apr 2022

Why The Rate Of Return Of Religious School (Madrasah) Is Too Low: The Case In Indonesia, Elfindri Elfindri, Edi Ariyanto, Sri Maryati, Delfia Tanjung Sari

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Religious schools (madrasah) in Indonesia have contributed to fulfilling the equity goals of education. Up to this point, studies on the rate of return of madrasah and its relation to general or vocational education remain limited. In contrast to the previous studies that omit madrasah from their analysis, this study pay greater attention to this particular type of education. By adopting the Mincerian model of the human capital and applying the semi-log earnings function to the 2012 data of the National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) of Indonesia, this study discovers that the rate of return of graduates from madrasah is considerably …


The Productivity And Future Growth Potential Of Indonesia, Mohamad Ikhsan, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, I Gede Sthitaprajna Virananda, Zihaul Abdi Mar 2022

The Productivity And Future Growth Potential Of Indonesia, Mohamad Ikhsan, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, I Gede Sthitaprajna Virananda, Zihaul Abdi

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

The output per worker of Indonesia has been on a downtrend since 2010, with total factor productivity (TFP) and capital stock largely stagnant if not declining. This paper discusses stylized facts that may explain recent trends in the productivity and growth potential of Indonesia. The decomposition of output per worker reveals the declining contribution of human capital, which is also most negative among peer countries. The growth in labor productivity has been concentrated within sectors, implying room for gains from labor reallocations. A substantial share of employment and credit in Indonesia has shifted to the relatively unproductive service sectors, particularly …


Exporters In The Time Of Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence From Indonesia, Realita Eschachasthi Dec 2021

Exporters In The Time Of Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence From Indonesia, Realita Eschachasthi

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

The export of Indonesia has contracted rapidly in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. However, little is known about the crisis-trade relationship, which is important for the policymakers to design the relevant policies. To that end, this study examines how exporters adjust in the time of pandemic as well as estimates the impact of COVID-19 on export performance by using microdata of monthly export transactions from January 2019 to August 2020. This relationship is analyzed by employing intensive and extensive margins as well as a panel fixed effects specification. The result shows that capital goods, mainly manufactured products, have been hit …


Effects Of Financial Inclusion And Openness On Banking Stability: Evidence From Developing And Developed Countries, Sugiharso Safuan, M. Abdi Shalihin Dec 2021

Effects Of Financial Inclusion And Openness On Banking Stability: Evidence From Developing And Developed Countries, Sugiharso Safuan, M. Abdi Shalihin

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This study seeks to contribute to the emerging debate regarding the effects of financial inclusion and openness on banking stability. Panel data from 217 developing and developed countries from 2004 to 2017 showed that financial inclusion did not affect banking stability. However, financial openness significantly affected banking stability in all countries worldwide. Furthermore, the interaction of financial inclusion and openness had a significant positive effect on banking stability in developing and all countries worldwide. This finding indicates that the more funds obtained by banks from the implementation of financial inclusion policy and financial openness policy, the greater the potential for …


Special Allocation Fund And Poverty Rate In Indonesia, Danesta Febianto Nugroho, Bayu Rhamadani Wicaksono, Muhammad R. Reynaldi Dec 2021

Special Allocation Fund And Poverty Rate In Indonesia, Danesta Febianto Nugroho, Bayu Rhamadani Wicaksono, Muhammad R. Reynaldi

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

The Special Allocation Fund is distributed to specific areas to aid them in funding special regional activities that follow national interests. Giving regional government's broad autonomy is meant to hasten the realization of social welfare, as seen by reducing poverty. This study aims to examine the influence of the Special Allocation Fund for education, health, and infrastructure on the poverty rate in Indonesia, using the Poverty Gap Index (P1) as a proxy for the poverty rate. The study employed annual data from 33 Indonesian provinces from 2015 to 2018 and panel data regression analysis utilizing the Fixed Effects Model (FEM). …


The Impact Of School Operational Assistance Program Implementation At School Level On Senior Secondary Education Enrollment By Households: Evidence From Indonesia In 2007 And 2014, Fairuzah Pertiwi Kartasasmita, Eny Sulistyaningrum Dec 2021

The Impact Of School Operational Assistance Program Implementation At School Level On Senior Secondary Education Enrollment By Households: Evidence From Indonesia In 2007 And 2014, Fairuzah Pertiwi Kartasasmita, Eny Sulistyaningrum

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Education is recognized worldwide as one of the key elements in developing the human capital of a nation for a prosperous future. Given an almost universal enrollment in primary education, many governments have shifted their focus on students motivation to continue to and finish their secondary education. The government of Indonesia has made extensive efforts in widening participation in education. With a growing budget for educational expenditure, various government programs have been implemented to assist students in their learning. One such program is the School Operational Assistance Program (BOS), which has been running for two decades. This paper reports on …


The Role Of Success Rate, Discovery, Appraisal Spending, And Transitioning Region On Exploration Drilling Of Oil And Gas In Indonesia In 2004-2015, Harry Patria Dec 2021

The Role Of Success Rate, Discovery, Appraisal Spending, And Transitioning Region On Exploration Drilling Of Oil And Gas In Indonesia In 2004-2015, Harry Patria

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Petroleum exploration decision remains a subject of petroleum and economic studies for decades. Most of the studies discuss the investment decision by focusing on either a technical or economic perspective. In reality, economic, geological, and environmental factors are expected to determine the way investors make a decision. This study aims to increase the understanding of best practices in decision-making by scrutinizing integrative perspectives applying panel data of 32 basins in Indonesia in 2004-2015. This study provides several contributions to optimize decisions on wells drilled. First, this study derives an empirical model examining several plausible factors of economy, geology, and environment. …


The Environmental Kuznets Curve For Deforestation In Indonesia, Dara Adila, Nunung Nuryartono, Mandar Oak Dec 2021

The Environmental Kuznets Curve For Deforestation In Indonesia, Dara Adila, Nunung Nuryartono, Mandar Oak

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This study provides empirical findings on the relationship between deforestation and income in 32 provinces in Indonesia. To enrich the discussion on deforestation, this study investigates the impact of the factors of population, roundwood production, land area, and main crop production on deforestation. The selected main crops in Indonesia are oil palm, coffee, coconut, rubber, and cacao. The results confirm the existence of the EKC relationship between deforestation and income in Indonesia. The study also finds that oil palm production positively affects tree cover loss, but the production of natural rubber has the opposite impact on deforestation.


Factors Influencing Economic Empowerment In Tourism Development, Eva Rachmawati, Joanna Fountain, Michael Mackay Dec 2021

Factors Influencing Economic Empowerment In Tourism Development, Eva Rachmawati, Joanna Fountain, Michael Mackay

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Tourism is believed to be able to empower people economically, both at the individual and community levels, by providing various employment and business opportunities to community members to help alleviate poverty. This study offers insights into community empowerment outcome, particularly in economic dimension, through a quantitative approach. This study aims to identify the level of community empowerment outcome perceived by the local communities in tourism development in their area and analyze the factors that influence the outcome. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study collected data through household survey, field and participatory observation, and document analysis. The questionnaire responses were analyzed …