Economic Theory Commons^™

Pay And Performance: Among 100 Best U.S. Companies To Work For, Omair Mahmood Faisal

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

In the 21st century, world is becoming a global village and with increased competition businesses are always looking for regions with the lowest possible production costs. Appropriate compensation of U.S. employees working for major U.S. corporations is a hotly debated topic in political circles. This research focuses on the top 100 companies designated as “the best companies to work for” by Fortune Magazine for the year 2006. Performance of these companies, as measured by their return on equity, return on assets, revenue growth and earnings growth along with their profit margin is used to determine the impact on them as …

Global Current Account Imbalances: American Fiscal Policy Versus East Asian Savings, Menzie David Chinn, Hiro Ito

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We consider the origins of global current account imbalances. We first discuss how the expansion of the US current account deficit and the decrease in global real interest rates can be reconciled with the widespread view that American expansionary fiscal policy is partly the source of current trends. We then investigate empirically the medium-term determinants of the current account using a model that controls for factors related to institutional development. In addition to the conventional macroeconomic factors, we examine a series of environmental factors, including the degree of financial openness and the extent of legal development. We find that for …

Assorted Finance Notes, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (2004). Handwritten notes on financial theory, structural models, and asset arbitrage formulas (Unpublished manuscript).
• Shaikh, A. (2000). Working paper graphs detailing actual stock prices and post-Keynesian interest rate spreads (Unpublished manuscript).
• Ibbotson Associates. (1990). Exhibit 37: Month-by-month total percentage returns on common stocks and long-term government bonds from 1926 to 1990 (Unpublished chart).
• Siegel, J. J. (1998). Excerpts on market values, corporate profitability, and country market statistics from stocks for the long run. McGraw-Hill.
• Ordine, A. (2004). Mathematical theory of interest: Test 4 sample problems, solutions, and formulas for amortization schedules and sinking funds …

Interest Rate Hicks, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (2007). Theories of interest rates: Expectations and conventions in interest rate theories (Unpublished manuscript) (22-25_Inte... p. 2).
• Dodds, J. C., & Ford, J. L. (1992). Expectations, uncertainty and the term structure of interest rates. Taylor & Francis (22-25_Inte... p. 2).
• Ford, J. L., & Stark, T. (1967). Long and short-term interest rates: An econometric study. Augustus M. Kelley (22-25_Inte... p. 3).
• Ciocca, P., & Nardozzi, G. (1996). The high price of money: An interpretation of world interest rates. Clarendon Press (22-25_Inte... p. 3).
• Patinkin, D. (1972). Studies in monetary economics. Harper …

Interest Rate Theory Ii, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Competition, finance and interest rates v2 by Anwar Shaikh, PhD (Unpublished manuscript, July 16, 2007) (22-39_Int ... p. 3)
• Interest rates and Gibson's paradox by Anwar Shaikh, PhD (Unpublished handwritten notes, June 29, 2007) (22-39_Int ... p. 12)
• Theories of interest rates by Anwar Shaikh, PhD (Unpublished manuscript, July 5, 2007) (22-39_Int ... p. 13)
• Difference between bond ROR's and YTM's by Anwar Shaikh, PhD (Unpublished handwritten notes, November 24, 2004) (22-39_Int ... p. 17)
• Profit rates, interest rates, and arbitrage by Anwar Shaikh, PhD (Unpublished handwritten notes, June 13, 2007) (22-39_Int ... p. 22)
• Bond market …

The Micro-Foundations Of Intertemporal Price Discrimination, Winston T. H. Koh

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper investigates the optimality of intertemporal price discrimination for a durable-good monopoly in a model where infinitely-lived households face an intertemporal budget constraint, and consume both durable goods and non-durable goods. We prove that the optimal price of the durable good is not constant, and may decrease or increase over time. Some households may choose to purchase the durable good at a later date, and pay lower or higher prices, since the gain in discounted utility of consuming more of the non-durable good more than compensates for the loss in utility from delaying the consumption of the durable good. …

Financial Development And Financial Liberalization In Asia: Thresholds, Institutions And The Sequence Of Liberalization, Hiro Ito

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

I investigate whether financial openness leads to financial development after controlling for the level of legal/institutional development, and whether trade opening is a precondition for financial opening, focusing on Asia. Utilizing a panel encompassing 87 less developed countries over the period 1980 to 2000, I find that a higher level of financial openness spurs equity market development only if a threshold level of legal development has been attained, a condition prevalent particularly among emerging market Asian countries. On the issue of sequencing, trade openness is found to be a prerequisite for successful inducement of financial development via capital account liberalization.

Is Exchange Risk Priced Beyond Intertemporal Risk?, Ines Chaieb, Stefano Mazzoto, Oumar Sy

Faculty Articles

Recent conditional tests show that exchange risk is priced in integrated international markets. However, these results are typically obtained assuming that intertemporal risk does not matter. We test an intertemporal international asset-pricing model where the investment opportunity set is dynamic. Using a conditional orthogonalization approach, we investigate whether the exchange risk is priced once the market and intertemporal risks are fully taken into account. We find that, in addition to the market and intertemporal risks, the exchange risk is an important determinant of risk premium. We also find that the intertemporal risk, which is often overlooked in the literature, is …

Ape 205 Section 8 Interest Rates I, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (1989). Notes on money, interest and capital. Unpublished handwritten notes.
• Rogers, C. (1989). Money, interest and capital: A study in the foundations of monetary theory. Cambridge University Press.
• Harrod, R. (1969). Money. Macmillan.
• Shaikh, A. (1969). Notes on money. Unpublished handwritten notes.
• Lutz, F. A. (1968). The theory of interest. D. Reidel Publishing Company.
• Shaikh, A. (1968). Notes on the theory of interest. Unpublished handwritten notes.
• Fongemie, C. A. (2005). A note on fisher's equation and keynes's liquidity hypothesis. Journal of post keynesian economics, 27(4), 621–632. …

The Micro-Foundations Of Intertemporal Price Discrimination, Winston T. H. Koh

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper investigates the optimality of intertemporal price discrimination for a durable-good monopoly in a model where infinitely-lived households face an intertemporal budget constraint, and consume both durable goods and non-durable goods. We prove that the optimal price of the durable good is not constant, and may decrease or increase over time. Some households may choose to purchase the durable good at a later date, and pay lower or higher prices, since the gain in discounted utility of consuming more of the non-durable good more than compensates for the loss in utility from delaying the consumption of the durable good.

Future Fiscal And Budgetary Shocks, Hian Teck Hoon, Edmund S. Phelps

Research Collection School Of Economics

We study here the effects of future tax and budgetary shocks on present levels of economic activity and real interest rates in a nonmonetary and possibly non-Ricardian economy. The paper first takes up an (unanticipated) temporary tax cut to be effective on a given future date—a delayed debt bomb. The sudden prospect of this future-dated shock causes at once a drop in the (unit) value placed on the firms’ business asset, the customer, and accordingly on the price of shares—with the result that the hourly wage, hours worked and GDP drop in tandem. This paradox of reduced activity through announcement …

Folder On Inflation, Part 4, Money Prices Of Gold, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (2003, October 30). Note on money & inflation & gold prices [Handwritten notes by Anwar Shaikh, PhD].
• U.S. Global Investors. (2004, February 23). A study on the benefits of gold equities as an asset class for portfolio diversification [Selected online presentation slides].

My Trade Models, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). My trade models [Folder cover].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1992, October 27). Dynamics of XR adjustment [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1992, October 20). BOT and XR theory [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1991, February 26). Dynamic models of XR theory [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1990, July 30). Dynamics of XR adjustment [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1990, July 30). Dynamic XR adjustment [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1992, January 11). BOP model and XR: Basic adjustment process [Unpublished handwritten notes]. …

The Relationship Between Stock Returns And Inflation In Malaysia, Soke Ling Mau

Student Works (2000-2009)

This study starts out with an introductory chapter covering the relationship between nominal and real stock returns with inflation in a general view. Economists are still puzzled on the positive and negative relationship between stock returns and inflation as many empirical results suggest varied conclusions. The second chapter is the literature review, which consists of a few well-known authors with their own theories and hypotheses. The core 3 discussion in this chapter refers to the classical view on stock returns and inflation in 1930 and post -Keynesian view on stock returns and inflation from 1970 till 2001. Chapter Three focuses …

The Impact Of Bond Ratings On Equity Market : Malaysian Experience, P. Raman Ponnusamy

Student Works (2000-2009)

This research will examine the impact of bond ratings on market efficiency and stock returns. The study covered rating announcements from 1996 to 2001. Four types of rating announcements were covered namely initial announcement, reaffirmation, upgrades and downgrades. Each rating is categorized into investment grade and speculative grade. The mean adjusted model was used to determine the abnormal returns. The findings showed insignificant movement in abnormal returns for all type of ratings and also the sub-category of speculative and investment grades. The result also revealed that the market is efficient in semi-strong form as far as Malaysian market is concerned. …

Penglibatan Masyarakat Islam Dalam Aktiviti Pelaburan Di Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (Bimb) : Suatu Kajian Di Banting, Selangor, Kamsuzilawati Kamin

Student Works (2000-2009)

Investment in Conventional economic has been practiced longer enough better than inventment in Islamic economic. For almost 20 years it has been introduced through the establishment of Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (81MB), many scholars said that bank were insist on BBA and Murabahah (profit-based financing) modes of operations better than Mudafarabah and Musyarakah (equity-based financing) modes of operations although with the profit and loss sharing (PLS), its leads to better exploitation of labour and capital towards a just, stable and efficient society. This study tries to observe and evaluate the performances and the implementation of PLS in BIMB Holdings Berhad. …

A Monetary Analysis Of The Indonesian Economy, Elisabet Siahaan

Student Works (2000-2009)

This study is about monetary economic in Indonesia. There are three main topics on this study. First topic is about development of monetary economic in Indonesia. Second topic is about monetary policy in Indonesia. The third topic is about money supply in Indonesia. The period of this study is 1980-1999. The first topic provides a brief overview of the Indonesian monetary development, covers the three distinct periods of monetary experiences and financial regimes. The main period are pre-reform (pre-1983 ), post-reform (post 1983) and financial crisis(1997-1999). Second topic is about monetary policy in Indonesia. Indonesia's mam economic concern is development. …

Financial Small-Scale Business Under The New Cbn Directive And Its Likely Impact On Industrial Growth Of The Nigerian Economy., O. J. Nnanna

Bullion

This examines the prospects of the current drive to ensure efficient and sustainable credit delivery system to the SSls. The rest of the paper is divided into three broad sections. The first section reviews and appraises past financing programmes / schemes, highlighting the major constraints on their performance. The current initiative of the Bankers' Committee is discussed in section two, focusing on its likely impact and underscoring the needed complementary policy measures. Section three summa-rises and concludes the paper.

Thirwall's Law + Trade, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (2001, February). Re: My stock market research [Unpublished memorandum with charts on real rates of return, the stock market and new corporate investment, and actual and warranted price–earnings ratios].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). Exchange rate dynamics [Unpublished chart].

The Fundamental And Non-Fundamental Components Of Stock Prices: The Role Of Time-Varying Expected Inflation, Maosen Zhong

Doctoral Dissertations

I derive testable implications of fundamental and non-fundamental components of stock prices. In order to control for the role of time-varying expected inflation and to be able to perform reasonable empirical tests, I use a nominal (rather than a real) interpretation of the present-value model (PVM), whereby nominal interest rates approximate expected inflation. I conjecture that the fundamental and non-fundamental components represent the permanent and temporary components of stock prices, respectively. A series of cointegration analysis over the annual period 1871–1997 confirms my conjecture for the model with time-varying expected inflation. Various fundamental and non-fundamental exclusion tests indicate that both …

A Political Model Of Monetary Policy With Application To The Real Fed Funds Rate, Tony Caporale, Kevin B. Grier

Economics and Finance Faculty Publications

We construct an empirical model of U.S. monetary policy assuming that the Federal Reserve is an ordinary federal bureaucracy. We use the real Federal Funds rate as our policy measure and show the existence of significant executive, legislative, and bureaucratic influence on the real rate of interest from 1961 to 1996. We find that presidential party is an adequate statistical measure of executive influence and that the voting scores of the Senate Banking Committee leadership best represent legislative influence. We argue that political changes cause systematic and predictable changes in monetary policy.

Essay I. Intra-Industry Contagion And Competitive Effects Associated With Corporate Liquidation Announcements: Does Shareholder Governance Influence The Results? Essay Ii. Investors' Pricing Of Exchange Rate Risk In U. S. Firms That File For Bankruptcy, J. Terry Ray

Theses and Dissertations in Business Administration

Essay I. Intra-industry contagion and competitive effects associated with corporate liquidation announcements: Does shareholder governance influence the results? This essay extends earlier research by investigating the role shareholder governance may play in the abnormal stock returns of the liquidating firms' competitors. The empirical model used for analyzing the abnormal returns includes variables to capture the influence of: leverage, Tobin's q, the Herfindahl index, Book Equity-to-Market Equity ratio, the level of institutional stock ownership, and the level of stock ownership by insiders.

The conclusion is leverage of the liquidating firm as well as its competitors is the major factor affecting the …

The Fischer Black Hypothesis: Some Time-Series Evidence, Tony Caporale, Barbara Mckiernan

Economics and Finance Faculty Publications

We estimate an ARCH-M model to analyze the relationship between the conditional standard deviation of real gross national product (GNP) and its growth rate for the period 1871-1993. We find that variability significantly increases output growth rates. In addition, impulse response functions show that the effect of variability on growth rates is dynamic. These results provide evidence in favor of Black's (1987) business cycle hypothesis.

Tobin, James, Tony Caporale

Economics and Finance Faculty Publications

James Tobin was born in Champaign, Illinois, in 1918. He received his bachelor's degree in 1939 and his master's degree in 1940, both from Harvard. Following naval service during the years 1942-6, he returned to his graduate studies and received his PhD from Harvard in 1947. In 1950, he joined the economics department at Yale University, and he has largely remained at Yale and has been identified with this institution throughout his career. He twice directed the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, first from 1955 to 1961, and then from 1964 to 1965. He also served for two years, …

Is 'Keynesian Policy' Still Viable?, Hyman P. Minsky Ph.D.

Hyman P. Minsky Archive

Six, single-sided pages of hand-written notes on Keynesian critique of capitalism. While according to J Robinson “Marx is a socialist who analyzed capitalism,” and “Marshal is a Capitalist who analyzed Socialist," Minksy writes “Keynes is a capitalist who analyzed capitalism,” and “uncovered flaws in capitalism due to the very nature of capitalism.” Discusses Keynes work in the 1930s and his time spent in Chicago, among other things. Marked in black ink.

Lending Book And Profit Rate Notes, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Brown, W. M. (1992). Bank lending to business borrowers: Interest rates and U.S. monetary policy. Westview Press (pp. 2-3).
• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Get ch 5 in full (Handwritten notes) (p. 2).
• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Interest movements relative to current prices, 104, not provoked (Commentary note) (p. 5).

Rational Choice: The Contrast Between Economics And Psychology, Vernon L. Smith

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

Rational Choice--the published record of a conference on economics and psychology--frames the issues as a contest between economic theory and the falsifying evidence from psychology. According to a third perspective, that of experimental economics, most standard theory provides a correct first approximation in predicting motivated behavior in laboratory experimental markets, but the theory is incomplete, particularly in articulating convergence processes in time and in ignoring decision cost. This view has roots in the work of Herbert Simon and Sidney Siegel, but it is not plainly represented in contemporary research in economic pyschology.

Stocks-Flows, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Anwar Shaikh. (1986, September). Internal finance, money reserves, and sources of funds (Handwritten notes). Department of Economics, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY.

• Anwar Shaikh. (1987, September 18). Revisions to PER7 (Handwritten notes). Department of Economics, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY.

• Anwar Shaikh. (1987, September 17). Note on PER7 and inventory change (Handwritten notes). Department of Economics, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY.

• Anwar Shaikh. (1987, September 17). Note on PER 7 and inventory change (Handwritten notes). Department of Economics, The New School …

Loose Notes, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• U.S. Internal Revenue Service. (1983). Corporation returns/1983: Explanation of terms: Photocopied pages. U.S. Government Printing Office.

• U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, & Council of Economic Advisers. (1987). Business enterprise and Economic report of the president: Photocopied data tables. U.S. Government Printing Office.

• Shaikh, A. (1987, March 12). INVEST1.WK1: Computer printout with handwritten notes. Unpublished manuscript.

• Shaikh, A. (1985, May 31). Points of crisis & marginal rate of profit: Handwritten notes. Unpublished manuscript.

• Nakatani, T. (1979, March 28). Letter to Anwar Shaikh discussing the profit rate: …

Government Financial Policy And Capital, Dean D. Croushore

Economics Faculty Publications

Economists have long been concerned about the best way to finance government deficits. Finding the proper fiscal policy and monetary policy mix is a crucial decision. When government debt grows too fast, interest rates rise and capital is crowded out. If the money growth rate is excessive, inflation occurs.

The study of this issue at the theoretical level requires a model which incorporates the following features: (1) modeling money and bonds as endogenous financial assets, whose rates of return are determined in general equilibrium, (2) examination of the utility maxi mization decisions of individuals, so that welfare analysis of alternative …