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Articles 241 - 270 of 279
Full-Text Articles in Economics
Program Applicants As A Comparison Group In Evaluating Training Programs: Theory And A Test, Stephen H. Bell, Larry L. Orr, John D. Blomquist, Glen George Cain
Program Applicants As A Comparison Group In Evaluating Training Programs: Theory And A Test, Stephen H. Bell, Larry L. Orr, John D. Blomquist, Glen George Cain
Upjohn Press
The authors begin with a thorough assessment of the many nonexperimental employment and training program evaluation techniques based on non-random comparison groups. These techniques typically use econometric methods to estimate the effects of employment and training programs by using comparison groups from non-program "external" sources. Then, recognizing the inherent drawbacks in these methods, Bell, Orr, Blomquist and Cain respond by reintroducing an evaluation method first implemented in the 1960s, the use of "internal" comparison groups consisting of nonparticipating program applicants. These groups include withdrawals, screen-outs and no-shows of the programs being evaluated in order to solve the selection bias problem. …
An Impact Analysis Of Employment Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
An Impact Analysis Of Employment Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper presents estimates of the impact of retraining and public service employment (PSE) on reemployment and earnings in the Republic of Hungary during the early phase of post-Socialist economic restructuring. Since assignment to programs resulted in groups with vastly dissimilar characteristics, impact estimates were computed using a variety of methods. Controlling for observable characteristics, retraining may have slightly improved the chances for reemployment in a non-subsidized job, but the gain in reemployment was probably not sufficient to justify the cost of retraining. However, since the durability of jobs appears to be better for those who were retrained, the long …
Using Performance Indicators To Improve The Effectiveness Of Welfare-To-Work Programs, Timothy J. Bartik
Using Performance Indicators To Improve The Effectiveness Of Welfare-To-Work Programs, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper argues that it is feasible to develop good indicators of the performance of a particular welfare-to-work program, office, or contractor. Performance indicators can motivate local offices, contractors, and staff to be more effective in achieving the program's goals. Performance indicators can provide information on what program strategies lead to the greatest long-run success. To be most useful, performance indicators must be simple and timely and control for factors other than the program's effectiveness that influence whether welfare recipients "succeed."
A Reemployment Incentives Experiment In Canada: Issues In Design, Administration And Evaluation, Christopher J. O'Leary
A Reemployment Incentives Experiment In Canada: Issues In Design, Administration And Evaluation, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
No abstract provided.
Workplace Literacy Programs: Why The Mismatch Between Availability And Need?, Kevin Hollenbeck
Workplace Literacy Programs: Why The Mismatch Between Availability And Need?, Kevin Hollenbeck
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Human Capital And Economic Development, Sisay Asefa Editor, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor
Human Capital And Economic Development, Sisay Asefa Editor, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor
Upjohn Press
Six essays are presented that explore human capital and its relationship to issues such as demographics, population growth, families, workplace training and economic progress.
Evaluating Pooled Evidence From The Reemployment Bonus Experiments, Paul T. Decker, Christopher J. O'Leary
Evaluating Pooled Evidence From The Reemployment Bonus Experiments, Paul T. Decker, Christopher J. O'Leary
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Social experiments conducted in Pennsylvania and Washington tested the effect of offering Unemployment Insurance (UI) claimants a cash bonus for rapid reemployment. This paper combines data from the two experiments and uses a consistent framework to evaluate the experiments and determine with greater certainty the extent to which a reemployment bonus can affect economic outcomes. Bonus offers in each of the experiments generated statistically significant but relatively modest reductions in UI receipt. Since the estimated impacts on UI receipt were modest, the reemployment bonuses did not generate the UI savings necessary to pay for administering and paying the bonuses. Hence, …
Report On A Survey Of Unemployment And Active Labour Market Programmes In Hungary, Martin Godfrey, György LáZáR, Christopher J. O'Leary
Report On A Survey Of Unemployment And Active Labour Market Programmes In Hungary, Martin Godfrey, György LáZáR, Christopher J. O'Leary
Conference Papers
No abstract provided.
Reemployment Incentives For Unemployment Insurance Beneficiaries: Results From The Washington Reemployment Bonus Experiment, Christopher J. O'Leary, Robert G. Spiegelman, Kenneth J. Kline
Reemployment Incentives For Unemployment Insurance Beneficiaries: Results From The Washington Reemployment Bonus Experiment, Christopher J. O'Leary, Robert G. Spiegelman, Kenneth J. Kline
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Unemployment insurance is intended to reduce hardship by providing labor force members with partial wage replacement during periods of involuntary unemployment. However, in performing this income maintenance function, unemployment insurance may prolong spells of unemployment. Evidence from a field experiment conducted in Illinois in 1984 suggested that offering unemployment insurance claimants a modest cash bonus for rapid reemployment would increase the speed of return to work and reduce program costs. In 1988 a similar experiment, examining several different bonus offers, was conducted in Washington State. Evidence from the Washington experiment indicates that bonus offers do change job seeking behavior, but …
The Economic Payoffs To Workplace Literacy, Kevin Hollenbeck
The Economic Payoffs To Workplace Literacy, Kevin Hollenbeck
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper focuses on one of the potential benefits to improving the Nation's literacy the economic payoffs. A more literate workforce provides economic benefits to the members of the workforce themselves, to employers, and to society. Workers who improve their basic skills through participation in workplace literacy programs should be more productive and hence earn higher wages and have greater job security. Employers with more productive workers will be more competitive in their industries and will be more profitable. Society gains by having a more productive and stable economy, by having more individuals employed with higher earnings and thus paying …
A Net Impact Analysis Of Adult, Job-Specific Training Programs Funded By The Ohio Department Of Education, Kevin Hollenbeck, William Anderson
A Net Impact Analysis Of Adult, Job-Specific Training Programs Funded By The Ohio Department Of Education, Kevin Hollenbeck, William Anderson
Upjohn Institute Technical Reports
No abstract provided.
Innovation In Planning Hungarian Labor Market Programs, Christopher J. O'Leary
Innovation In Planning Hungarian Labor Market Programs, Christopher J. O'Leary
Conference Papers
This paper summarizes the important features of the Hungarian ALPs (active labor market programs) and reports on the system to assess the effectiveness of ALPs which is now being implemented in Hungary. The system being introduced in Hungary is an example of "entrepreneurial government" in the sense of Osborne and Gaebler (1992). The paper lists performance indicators (PI) used for each program, and explains how they are used with administrative and follow-up data. The system of PI is designed to monitor performance while allowing decentralized decision making and avoiding adverse incentives. The system is designed to promote superior performance through …
Classrooms In The Workplace: Workplace Literacy Programs In Small And Medium-Sized Firms, Kevin Hollenbeck
Classrooms In The Workplace: Workplace Literacy Programs In Small And Medium-Sized Firms, Kevin Hollenbeck
Upjohn Press
Hollenbeck, using a combined qualitative/quantitative approach, estimates the linkage between workplace literacy programs and the reason for their existence - increased productivity requirements. He utilizes in-depth case studies as well as a large database to look at the costs and benefits of such programs, also the determining factors for why firms choose to implement literacy programs.
Employer Training Needs In Hawaii: Summary Report, Stephen A. Woodbury, University Of Hawaii At Manoa, Industrial Relations Center
Employer Training Needs In Hawaii: Summary Report, Stephen A. Woodbury, University Of Hawaii At Manoa, Industrial Relations Center
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
The Survey of Employer Training Needs in Hawaii was undertaken to gather information and data on the needs and preferences of employers in Hawaii regarding government assistance with training. The need for such information was created by passage of Act 68, Session Laws of Hawaii 1991, which created the Hawaii Employment and Training Fund "to assist employers and workers through innovative programs to include, but not be limited to, business-specific training, upgrade training, new occupational skills, management skills, and support services to improve the long-term employability of Hawaii's people."
Workplace Education Programs In Small- And Medium-Sized Michigan Firms, Kevin Hollenbeck, William Anderson
Workplace Education Programs In Small- And Medium-Sized Michigan Firms, Kevin Hollenbeck, William Anderson
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper presents a systematic, baseline picture of workplace education programs in small and medium-sized businesses (less than 500 employees) in Michigan. Specifically, it addresses why some firms are offering and other firms are not offering workplace education programs, what are the characteristics of the programs being provided, and what are the impacts of these programs on firms and employees. The paper draws upon two data sources. Case studies of 28 Michigan businesses were undertaken between May 1991 and July 1992 and a combination mail/telephone survey of small businesses in Michigan was conducted in early 1992. The paper finds that …
Excellence At Work: Policy Option Papers For The National Governors' Association, Evelyn Ganzglass Editor
Excellence At Work: Policy Option Papers For The National Governors' Association, Evelyn Ganzglass Editor
Upjohn Press
State-level initiatives are proposed that address key issues affecting the competitiveness of the U.S. economy.
The Washington Reemployment Bonus Experiment: Final Report, Robert G. Spiegelman, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline
The Washington Reemployment Bonus Experiment: Final Report, Robert G. Spiegelman, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline
External Papers and Reports
No abstract provided.
An Analysis Of Pooled Evidence From The Pennsylvania And Washington Reemployment Bonus Demonstrations, Paul T. Decker, Christopher J. O'Leary
An Analysis Of Pooled Evidence From The Pennsylvania And Washington Reemployment Bonus Demonstrations, Paul T. Decker, Christopher J. O'Leary
External Papers and Reports
No abstract provided.
Testimony On The Effectiveness Of The Employment Service In Aiding Ui Claimants Before The House Committee On Ways And Means Human Resources Subcommittee, Louis S. Jacobson
Testimony On The Effectiveness Of The Employment Service In Aiding Ui Claimants Before The House Committee On Ways And Means Human Resources Subcommittee, Louis S. Jacobson
Testimonies
No abstract provided.
Congressional Testimony On The Effectiveness Of The Employment Service In Aiding Ui Claimants, Louis S. Jacobson
Congressional Testimony On The Effectiveness Of The Employment Service In Aiding Ui Claimants, Louis S. Jacobson
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This testimony describes the results of a study of the Employment Service (ES) conducted by Dr. Jacobson and Prof. Arnold Katz of the University of Pittsburgh using data on over 100,000 individuals who registered with the Pennsylvania ES between 1978 and 1987, and an even larger sample of non-registrants. One major finding is that much of the decline in the ES's performance over the past thirty years can be explained by changes in: funding, characteristics of registrants, and characteristics of job vacancies. Thus, we concluded that criticism of the ES often ignores changes in crucial factors outside of the ES's …
Dislocated Worker Human Capital Depreciation And Recovery, Kevin Hollenbeck
Dislocated Worker Human Capital Depreciation And Recovery, Kevin Hollenbeck
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Previous studies have estimated the "human capital depreciation" of women re-entering the work force after voluntary, lengthy interruptions. Those studies have found reduced real wages and furthermore the decrease is positively related to the length of the interruption. Upon re-entry, however, real wages grow rapidly as human capital is restored. This paper develops a model of the wage histories of dislocated workers. Similar to labor force re-entrants, those dislocated workers who become re-employed would experience wages below their final wage prior to dislocation and the decrease should be associated with the length of dislocation. However, the model suggests that since …
Back To Work: Testing Reemployment Services For Displaced Workers, Howard S. Bloom
Back To Work: Testing Reemployment Services For Displaced Workers, Howard S. Bloom
Upjohn Press
Bloom presents findings from the Texas Worker Adjustment Demonstration, a 2,192-person randomized experimental evaluation of reemployment programs for displaced workers conducted at three sites in Texas. This project demonstrated that a relatively inexpensive mix of job-search assistance and limited occupational skills training can be a cost-effective means of assisting displaced workers.
Evaluating Social Programs At The State And Local Level: The Jtpa Evaluation Design Project, Ann B. Blalock Editor
Evaluating Social Programs At The State And Local Level: The Jtpa Evaluation Design Project, Ann B. Blalock Editor
Upjohn Press
This book draws upon the JTPA Evaluation Design Project initiated, developed and directed by the Washington State Employment Security Department. The five essays offer practical, instructive guidance about planning and executing program evaluations.
Does Training Work For Displaced Workers?: A Survey Of Existing Evidence, Duane E. Leigh
Does Training Work For Displaced Workers?: A Survey Of Existing Evidence, Duane E. Leigh
Upjohn Press
Leigh examines nine demonstration projects and operating programs to determine how well public retraining programs for displaced workers fulfill their roles.
Assisting Displaced Workers: Do The States Have A Better Idea?, Duane E. Leigh
Assisting Displaced Workers: Do The States Have A Better Idea?, Duane E. Leigh
Upjohn Press
This work provides a comprehensive assessment of state initiatives designed to deal with worker displacement. Leigh considers quantitative and qualitative studies of state programs, evaluations of state- and federally-funded demonstration projects and pilot programs, and studies of the design and operation of foreign government programs.
A Second Chance: Training For Jobs, Sar A. Levitan, Frank Gallo
A Second Chance: Training For Jobs, Sar A. Levitan, Frank Gallo
Upjohn Press
Levitan and Gallo make use of their considerable experience and prior research to provide a critical assessment of the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA). The authors evaluate state governments' role in guiding and monitoring the program, and suggest that the success rates are actually lower than the reported official figures. Anyone interested in the JTPA or other job training program will benefit from the assessments provided by the authors in this book.
Worker Dislocation: Case Studies Of Causes And Cures, Robert F. Cook Editor
Worker Dislocation: Case Studies Of Causes And Cures, Robert F. Cook Editor
Upjohn Press
This book describes various projects to assist dislocated workers under Title III of the JTPA, and offers lessons on what has and hasn't worked.
Clerical Employment And Technological Change: A Review Of Recent Trends And Projections, H. Allan Hunt, Timothy L. Hunt
Clerical Employment And Technological Change: A Review Of Recent Trends And Projections, H. Allan Hunt, Timothy L. Hunt
Reports
No abstract provided.
Clerical Employment And Technological Change, H. Allan Hunt, Timothy L. Hunt
Clerical Employment And Technological Change, H. Allan Hunt, Timothy L. Hunt
Upjohn Press
Reviews 30 years of evidence of technological change on clerical employment, and projects no decline in the demand for these jobs as a result of new technologies.
Public Service Employment: The Experience Of A Decade, Robert F. Cook, Charles F. Adams, V. Lane Rawlins
Public Service Employment: The Experience Of A Decade, Robert F. Cook, Charles F. Adams, V. Lane Rawlins
Upjohn Press
From 1971 to 1982, the federal government attempted to reduce unemployment by subsidizing positions in state and local governments. These efforts were geared toward helping the unemployed gain human capital that could lead to unsubsidized work, while helping governments provide needed services for their citizens. A variety of approaches were tried in practically every area of program design. The authors reveal what worked.