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WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT

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Articles 211 - 240 of 279

Full-Text Articles in Economics

The Role Of Public Policy In Skills Development Of Black Workers In The 21st Century, Timothy J. Bartik, Kevin Hollenbeck Aug 2000

The Role Of Public Policy In Skills Development Of Black Workers In The 21st Century, Timothy J. Bartik, Kevin Hollenbeck

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper discusses the role of public policy in the skills development system of the U.S. It further examines the implications of that policy for the skill development and career progression of black workers. The paper describes the current "system" for skills development in the United States as a two- tiered system: The "first-chance" or conventional system allows individuals to proceed through an extensive public elementary, secondary, and postsecondary educational sector that is supplemented by private educational institutions and is followed by employer-provided job training and work experience. The "second-chance" system is designed for individuals who do not successfully traverse …


Evaluation Of Active Labor Market Programs: Examples From Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary Mar 2000

Evaluation Of Active Labor Market Programs: Examples From Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.


Intergovernmental Relations In Employment Policy: The United States Experience, Christopher J. O'Leary, Robert A. Straits Feb 2000

Intergovernmental Relations In Employment Policy: The United States Experience, Christopher J. O'Leary, Robert A. Straits

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Policies to regulate and support labor markets in the United States have mainly been an initiative of the federal government. Historically, states and localities were reluctant to act independently to build up worker rights and protections for fear of competitively disadvantaging resident industries with added costs. Federal constitutional authority to raise revenue and control commerce among the states governed development of labor market policy in the United States. Labor market support initiatives usually have been forged in difficult economic times with contributions and compromise from the full political spectrum. This paper examines the development of employment policy in the twentieth …


Evaluation Of The Kent County Work Progressions Program, Kevin Hollenbeck Jan 2000

Evaluation Of The Kent County Work Progressions Program, Kevin Hollenbeck

Reports

No abstract provided.


Aggregate Effects In Local Labor Markets Of Supply And Demand Shocks, Timothy J. Bartik Jul 1999

Aggregate Effects In Local Labor Markets Of Supply And Demand Shocks, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Anti-poverty policy in the U.S. has emphasized labor supply policies, such as welfare reform or job training. Anti-poverty policy in the U.S. has not emphasized policies to increase labor demand for the poor, such as public employment or subsidizing private employers to hire the poor. What are the aggregate effects of such policies on wages and unemployment of different groups? This paper estimates and simulates a model with several types of labor, using data from the Current Population Survey on state labor markets. The simulations suggest that forcing more disadvantaged persons into the labor market can displace many other persons …


"Targeting Employment Services" Conference, Randall W. Eberts, Christopher J. O'Leary, Stephen A. Wandner Apr 1999

"Targeting Employment Services" Conference, Randall W. Eberts, Christopher J. O'Leary, Stephen A. Wandner

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Skill-Biased Technological Change: Evidence From A Firm-Level Survey, Donald S. Siegel Jan 1999

Skill-Biased Technological Change: Evidence From A Firm-Level Survey, Donald S. Siegel

Upjohn Press

Siegel provides evidence that technology adoption is associated with downsizing, skill upgrading, greater employee empowerment, and a widening wage gap. Unlike previous studies that use industry-level data, Siegel collected firm-level data on technology usage and labor composition which enable him to link the magnitude of labor market outcomes for six classes of workers to the types of technologies implemented.


Economic Conditions And Welfare Reform, Sheldon Danziger Editor Jan 1999

Economic Conditions And Welfare Reform, Sheldon Danziger Editor

Upjohn Press

The relationship between welfare caseloads and the economy is one of the key issues addressed in this book. Using the most current data available, a group of the nation's leading researchers examines the effects of welfare reform prior to and after enactment of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA).


A Cross Country Evaluation Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary Dec 1998

A Cross Country Evaluation Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary

Reports

No abstract provided.


Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary Nov 1998

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

No abstract provided.


Design For A Net Impact Evaluation Of Retraining In China, Christopher J. O'Leary Aug 1998

Design For A Net Impact Evaluation Of Retraining In China, Christopher J. O'Leary

Reports

The main aim of the national reemployment project in China is to redeploy workers identified as redundant within urban state owned enterprises (SOEs) to new jobs. As part of a larger effort to document the success of the reemployment project in China, a net impact analysis of retraining will be performed using a sample drawn from three cities which span the range of economic conditions in China: Shanghai, Wuhan and Shenyang. This paper presents a practical design for the sampling necessary to undertake the evaluation.


Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Active Labor Programs In Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary Jun 1998

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Active Labor Programs In Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

No abstract provided.


Profiling For Reemployment Bonus Offers, Christopher J. O'Leary Apr 1998

Profiling For Reemployment Bonus Offers, Christopher J. O'Leary

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


The Use Of Profiling To Target Services In State Welfare-To-Work Programs: An Example Of Process And Implementation, Randall W. Eberts Oct 1997

The Use Of Profiling To Target Services In State Welfare-To-Work Programs: An Example Of Process And Implementation, Randall W. Eberts

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The purpose of this paper is to provide preliminary information about the design of a pilot project to test the efficacy of profiling and referring welfare-to-work participants. Welfare reform requires welfare recipients, with few exceptions, to participate in work activities and ultimately become economically self-sufficient. Welfare recipients possess a wide variation in job readiness skills, ranging from those who are ready and able to work to those who face significant barriers to employment. The challenge of the local administrator of welfare-to-work programs is to target services to those who need them the most. Yet, most programs provide the same services …


Preliminary Evidence On Impacts Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary Oct 1997

Preliminary Evidence On Impacts Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

To ease the hardship associated with worker dislocation and to maintain social stability during the transition to markets, the governments of Hungary and Poland provide labor force members with unemployment compensation and a variety of active labor programs (ALPs). Follow-up surveys of participants in retraining, public works, wage subsidies, self-employment, and comparison groups were done in Hungary and Poland in early 1997. Preliminary analysis suggests positive net impacts for most ALPs and additive benefits from the use of the employment service in both countries. Strong evidence of nonrandom assignment to programs means that great care should be used in interpreting …


Labor Policy Evaluation: Lessons From The American Experience, Susan N. Houseman Aug 1997

Labor Policy Evaluation: Lessons From The American Experience, Susan N. Houseman

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.


Jobs For Welfare Recipients, Timothy J. Bartik Apr 1997

Jobs For Welfare Recipients, Timothy J. Bartik

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Lessons For Welfare Reform: An Analysis Of The Afdc Caseload And Past Welfare-To-Work Programs, David M. O'Neill, June O'Neill Jan 1997

Lessons For Welfare Reform: An Analysis Of The Afdc Caseload And Past Welfare-To-Work Programs, David M. O'Neill, June O'Neill

Upjohn Press

The authors have compiled and analyzed data that identifies historical trends in the AFDC caseload, the personal characteristics of recipients, and broad patterns of welfare participation. They also offer an evaluative survey on the effectiveness of past education, training and workfare programs in reducing the AFDC caseload.


On-The-Job Training, John M. Barron, Mark C. Berger, Dan A. Black Jan 1997

On-The-Job Training, John M. Barron, Mark C. Berger, Dan A. Black

Upjohn Press

Firms in the U.S. invest billions of dollars annually in workforce training. Growing evidence of the effects of this training on worker productivity, wages, hiring and turnover has led researchers to gradually incorporate the role of training into their analyses. Barron, Berger and Black advance this line of research by offering new evidence on the amount of training provided to workers during the first three months on the job, and the characteristics of those workers who received that training.


Employment Policy For Transition In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary Oct 1996

Employment Policy For Transition In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.


Return On Investment For Workplace Education, Kevin Hollenbeck Sep 1996

Return On Investment For Workplace Education, Kevin Hollenbeck

Presentations

No abstract provided.


A Benefit-Cost Framework For Assessing The Economic Payoffs To Workplace Literacy Training, Kevin Hollenbeck Apr 1996

A Benefit-Cost Framework For Assessing The Economic Payoffs To Workplace Literacy Training, Kevin Hollenbeck

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.


Unemployment Insurance And Unemployment: Implications Of The Reemployment Bonus Experiments, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury Apr 1996

Unemployment Insurance And Unemployment: Implications Of The Reemployment Bonus Experiments, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We translate the results of the three reemployment bonus experiments that were conducted during the 1980s into (a) impacts of a 10-percentage point increase in the Unemployment Insurance (UI) replacement rate on the expected duration of unemployment; and (b) impacts of adding 1 week to the potential duration of UI benefits on the expected duration of unemployment. Our approach is to use an equilibrium search and matching model, calibrated using data from the bonus experiments and secondary sources. The results suggest that a 10-percentage point increase in the UI replacement rate increases the expected duration of unemployment by .3 to …


Of Heart And Mind: Social Policy Essays In Honor Of Sar A. Levitan, Garth L. Mangum Editor, Stephen L. Mangum Editor Jan 1996

Of Heart And Mind: Social Policy Essays In Honor Of Sar A. Levitan, Garth L. Mangum Editor, Stephen L. Mangum Editor

Upjohn Press

The essays in this volume, authored by close friends, associates and students of Sar Levitan, pay tribute to the enduring mark he left on the field of social policy. The book is loosely organized around the method of analysis taught and practiced by Levitan: identifying problems through the examination of facts, developing a thorough understanding of institutions, assessing institutional policies, and evaluating policy options.


A Framework For Assessing The Economic Benefits And Costs Of Workplace Literacy Training, Kevin Hollenbeck Jan 1996

A Framework For Assessing The Economic Benefits And Costs Of Workplace Literacy Training, Kevin Hollenbeck

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Many individuals are grappling with the issue of whether to provide workers with training that upgrades the workers' basic academic skills. The corollary questions that flow from this issue are how to provide the training, how much training should be provided, and who should pay for the training. Workers are interested in this issue because they want to sustain productive, well-paying careers that will support adequate standards of living. Not receiving training may jeopardize their careers and earning power. Employers are interested in this issue because their economic role is to maximize corporate profits for stockholders. In most companies, worker …


Performance Management Of Employment Programs In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary Nov 1995

Performance Management Of Employment Programs In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.


Performance Management Of Active Labor Programs In Eastern Europe, Christopher J. O'Leary Oct 1995

Performance Management Of Active Labor Programs In Eastern Europe, Christopher J. O'Leary

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Welfare To Work: Local Observations On A National Issue, Randall W. Eberts Oct 1995

Welfare To Work: Local Observations On A National Issue, Randall W. Eberts

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Employer Rents Received By Hiring Vocationally-Trained Or Experienced Workers, Kevin Hollenbeck Sep 1995

Employer Rents Received By Hiring Vocationally-Trained Or Experienced Workers, Kevin Hollenbeck

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.


Assisting Workers Displaced By Structural Change: An International Perspective, Duane E. Leigh Jan 1995

Assisting Workers Displaced By Structural Change: An International Perspective, Duane E. Leigh

Upjohn Press

Leigh begins by providing a summary of the evolution of labor market programs in seven industrialized countries: Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the U.S. He points out that a number of these nations are dealing with long-term unemployment by linking unemployment insurance benefits to participation in labor market programs, and that this is a requirement U.S. policy makers should examine closely. Leigh also performs informal cross-country evaluations of these countries' programs,focusing on policies he feels merit attention. A three-level active labor market program is then proposed for the U.S.