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Nigeria

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Articles 271 - 300 of 395

Full-Text Articles in Economics

Fiscal Federalism: Revenue Allocation For Economic Development In Nigeria., T. O. Okunrounmu Jun 1996

Fiscal Federalism: Revenue Allocation For Economic Development In Nigeria., T. O. Okunrounmu

Bullion

From colonial administration to independence in 1960 and 35 years of self-rule, revenue allocation in the Federal Republic of Nigeria has had a chequered history. It has been subject of intensive lobbying by politicians in the attempt to have their wishes engrained in the Constitution. This paper is prepared in three parts. Part I is a theoretical overview of fiscal federalism while Part II reviews the Nigerian experience with Fiscal Federalism. Part III analyses proposals for an effective fiscal Federalism that would enhance economic development.

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An Empirical Analysis Of The Prices Of Nigeria's Agricultural Export Commodities, Grace O. Evbuomwan Mar 1996

An Empirical Analysis Of The Prices Of Nigeria's Agricultural Export Commodities, Grace O. Evbuomwan

Economic and Financial Review

The study examines the role of price incentives in expanding agricultural commodity exports. Using the concept of efficiency, based on the theory of opportunity cost, nominal and effective protection coefficients (NPC & EPC) were estimated for cocoa, coffee, cotton, palm kernel, palm oil, rubber and soyabean. Their world market prices served as the efficiency benchmarks in order to determine the pattern of incentives or disincentives to the Nigerian agricultural export sector. The NPC values obtained ranged from 0.47 for cotton to I. I 8 for soyabean pre-Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) and during the SAP the values ranged from 0. 63 …

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Economic Growth And Foreign Debt: A Case Study Of Nigeria, J. O. Ashinze, E. A. Onwioduokit Mar 1996

Economic Growth And Foreign Debt: A Case Study Of Nigeria, J. O. Ashinze, E. A. Onwioduokit

Economic and Financial Review

In this study, a macro-economic model is used to examine the relationship between external debt and economic growth in Nigeria. The study has established empirically that foreign credit only contributed positively to growth between 1988 and /992 when the resources mobilized externally were used in directly productive activities. However, between 1979 and /987 as well as the period /993-/994, there was a negative relationship between foreign capital and growth. Among other factors, policy inconsistencies, drying up of external assistance and political instability were identified as the main factors that militated against foreign credit-induced growth of the Nigerian economy.

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On Early Warning Models For The Identification Of Problem Banks In Nigeria, Sani I. Doguwa Mar 1996

On Early Warning Models For The Identification Of Problem Banks In Nigeria, Sani I. Doguwa

Economic and Financial Review

This paper proposes alternative early warning models which could be helpful in identifying problem banks in Nigeria. The models rely on the /ogit-analytic technique and the use of financial ratios derived from the monthly returns the licensed banks render to both the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The two separate models, each developed for commercial and merchant bank, are more efficient in that they drastically reduced the mis-classification errors inherent in other failure prediction models developed in the past. To illustrate the applications of the models for policy, an appraisal of the financial condition …

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Further Empirical Analysis Of Inflation In Nigeria, O. M. Fakiyesi Mar 1996

Further Empirical Analysis Of Inflation In Nigeria, O. M. Fakiyesi

Economic and Financial Review

This paper analyses the main factors which influence inflation in Nigeria with a view to determining the relevant policy instruments that will reduce it. The empirical analysis confirms the findings of earlier studies that monetary expansion significantly influences the rate of inflation in Nigeria. The other dominant factor is the exchange rate which has a significant and positive impact on inflation. Growth in real income and level of rainfall are also significant in explaining inflation in Nigeria.

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Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, December 1995, Central Bank Of Nigeria Dec 1995

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, December 1995, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from balance sheets and financial statements, which are primarily designed for legal and administrative purposes rather than economic analysis. The Finance and Accounts Department prepares the CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department, using the monthly return of Assets and Liabilities and the summary trial balance as benchmarks. The Financial Statistics Office compiles the analytical CBN balance sheet without major reclassifications or rearrangements. The consolidation of accounts of monetary authorities and deposit money banks produces monetary survey accounts. Deposit money banks are highly prone to volatility and fragility, making them subject to regulations and …

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The Structure Of Nigeria's External Trade: A Focus On Exports, Hammed A. Abebefe Dec 1995

The Structure Of Nigeria's External Trade: A Focus On Exports, Hammed A. Abebefe

Bullion

This paper examines the factors constraining the growth of non-oil exports with a view to suggesting solution to redress the situation. In order to execute the task effectively, the rest of the paper is divided into four parts. Part two provides the macroeconomic background to export trade in Nigeria and reviews external trade policies that have been put in place by government. In part three, the issues involved in export promotion, financing and marketing are highlighted, simultaneously an x-ray of the institutional structure on which the sector relies. In part four, the authors analyse the impact of policies on the …

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Equipment Leasing In Nigeria: Trends And Prospects., E. N. Egbuna Sep 1995

Equipment Leasing In Nigeria: Trends And Prospects., E. N. Egbuna

Bullion

This paper seeks to appraise the development of equipment leasing in Nigeria. To this end, the paper is divided into four sections. Section 1 discusses the evolution and historical background to equipment leasing as well as its trend in Nigeria. Section 2 states the types of leases and the structure of assets leased in Nigeria. Sections 3 examines the advantages and disadvantages of leasing in general, and the major constrains to the development of this industry in Nigeria. Section 4 recommends policies and concludes the paper

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Problems And Challenges Of Developing An Efficient Payments System In Nigeria., Paul A. Ogwuma Sep 1995

Problems And Challenges Of Developing An Efficient Payments System In Nigeria., Paul A. Ogwuma

Bullion

This papers emphasizes two main issues, namely, the prospects for modernizing Nigeria's payments system and what needs to be done in our circumstances to achieve this objective. Modernization of the payments system implied less reliance on cash transactions and increased use of cheques and related instruments, including electronic payment instruments

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On The Issue Of Universal Banking In The Nigerian Context., V. A. Odozi Sep 1995

On The Issue Of Universal Banking In The Nigerian Context., V. A. Odozi

Bullion

The paper analyses the real issue in Universal Banking. Highlighting the global spread, the concept, the alternative approaches to Universal Banking as while the pros and cons. The author of the view that Universal Banking cannot deal with the inefficiencies and distortions in the system nor will it make a distressed merchant bank viable.

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Convertibility Of The Naira: Issues And Prospects., J. O. Ashinze, E. A. Onwuoduokit Sep 1995

Convertibility Of The Naira: Issues And Prospects., J. O. Ashinze, E. A. Onwuoduokit

Bullion

The rapidly unfolding development's in the world economy in recent times, have led to resurgent calls for moves towards currency convertibility (basically, the unrestricted use of a country's currency for international transactions, allowing it to be freely exchanged for foreign currencies) as a part of the process of integration into the world market economy. This paper seeks to discuss the issues and prospects of naira convertibility. The paper is divided into four parts. Part 1 discusses the various concepts of and preconditions for currency convertibility. Part II, evaluates Nigeria's economic conditions in relation to the issue of convertibility. In Part …

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Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, June 1995, Central Bank Of Nigeria Jun 1995

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, June 1995, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from balance sheets and financial statistics, which are designed for various logistical and administrative requirements rather than economic analysis. Final data compilation involves aggregating the financial system's accounts to discern macroeconomic tendencies. The Finance and Accounts Department prepares the CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department, using the monthly return of Assets and Liabilities (BANKOS 324) as a benchmark and the summary trial balance (BANKOS 302) as a source for detailed information. The Financial Statistics Office consolidates the accounts of monetary authorities and deposit money banks, producing monetary survey accounts. Deposit money banks are …

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Monetary Policy And The Performance Of Commercial Banks In Nigeria, Okorie A. Uchendu Jun 1995

Monetary Policy And The Performance Of Commercial Banks In Nigeria, Okorie A. Uchendu

Economic and Financial Review

The purpose of this study is primarily to investigate the impact of monetary policy on the performance of the commercial banking industry in Nigeria. An analysis of the industry data showed a strong relationship between monetary policy instruments and commercial bank profitability measures, suggesting that appropriate monetary and banking policies are important factors to the continued stability and profitability of the commercial banking industry. More importantly, the evidence of oligopolistic competition in the commercial banking industry involving the three big commercial banks raises questions on their influence on effective transmission of monetary policy in Nigeria, role as financial intermediaries and …

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Intersectoral Financing In Nigeria, 1989 - 1992, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Jun 1995

Intersectoral Financing In Nigeria, 1989 - 1992, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

Policy changes following the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) have had remarkable effects on the movement of funds between major sectors of the economy. The behaviour of economic aggregates over the period 1989 - 1992 showed that large transactions occurred in government debt instruments, the domestic loans and advances market and currency and deposits of financial system. Fund flowed from the households sector to the Federal Government and business sectors. The financial sector re/arms, including the interest rates deregulation, resulted in domestic savings exceeding capital formation, and contributed to the expansion in money supply. Lending activity of the banking system showed …

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The Challenges For Economic Management In Nigeria, M. O. Ojo Jun 1995

The Challenges For Economic Management In Nigeria, M. O. Ojo

Economic and Financial Review

The paper undertakes a critical evaluation of economic management strategies and associated programmes in Nigeria in the last twenty-five years in the context of its overall goals of increased prosperity for the populace, equitable distribution of achieved prosperity and sustaining the levels of living standards. The findings indicate negative outcomes in respect of these basic objectives. The paper then identifies some critical areas of economic management that have constrained full commitment to the pursuit of the primary goals as a result of which some policy recommendations are proposed. These include the need for macroeconomic stability, reduction and rationalisation of public …

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Trends In Nigeria's Balance Of Payments (1980 - 1994), E. U. Olisadebe Jun 1995

Trends In Nigeria's Balance Of Payments (1980 - 1994), E. U. Olisadebe

Economic and Financial Review

This paper examines trends in Nigeria's balance of payments. Factors which have contributed to the continuous weakness of Nigeria's balance of payments include the poor performance of non-oil exports, fluctuations in crude oil prices, payments for the provision of international services, e.g., shipping, insurance, tourism, the low level of income from direct Nigerian investments abroad and high debt service payments. More fandamental problems underlie these factors.' a hostile international environment; a deterioration in terms of trade; a huge external debt servicing; slippages in fiscal and monetary policies and inappropriate exchange and interest rate policies. The failure of policy reforms to …

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Open Market Operations In 1994, P. A. Akatu, S. N. Ibeabuchi Mar 1995

Open Market Operations In 1994, P. A. Akatu, S. N. Ibeabuchi

Economic and Financial Review

In line with the objectives of the monetary policy in 1994, the CBN achieved a substantial reduction of its holding of treasury bills through open market operations that were aimed at slowing down the growth of base money and money supply. While the volume of open market sales suffered apparently from the initial market reactions to the budget for fiscal 1994 and later the political and industrial unrest, such sales reached record levels in the fourth quarter of the year. However, OMO largely responded to the short-term portfolio preferences of banks and did not translate into an overall pressure on …

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A Review And Analysis Of Agricultural Prices In Nigeria, 1977 - 1993, O. O. Akanji, E. U. Ukeje Mar 1995

A Review And Analysis Of Agricultural Prices In Nigeria, 1977 - 1993, O. O. Akanji, E. U. Ukeje

Economic and Financial Review

This paper reviews and analyses the various prices that have been in existence in the agricultural sector since the re-organization of the produce marketing system in 1977 to the present free market system. It was observed that a close relationship existed between the market prices and the determined prices. However, some upward revisions in the official prices were found to be neither rational nor based on any concrete study. Moreso, most commodities were implicitly taxed during the period 1977-1985. The increases in the prices recorded between 1986 1993 due to market liberalization had an added problem of marketing. The domestic …

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Eradication Of Banking Malpractices In Nigeria: Will Law Alone Succeed?, I. Joe Goldface-Irokalibe Mar 1995

Eradication Of Banking Malpractices In Nigeria: Will Law Alone Succeed?, I. Joe Goldface-Irokalibe

Economic and Financial Review

The place of banks in the economic life of any nation is so strategic that every effort is made by the appropriate national authorities to regulate and effectively supervise banking business. This objective is often achieved through the mechanism of laws designed to purge the banking system of diverse frauds, and malpractices. This paper presents a general compendium of the socio-economic, as well as the cultural background that foster and sustain banking frauds and diverse malpractices in Nigeria. This is followed by an analysis of the various types of malpractices prevalent in the banking system, among which are malpractices by …

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Monetary And Banking Policies In The 1995 Federal Government Budget., M. O. Ojo Mar 1995

Monetary And Banking Policies In The 1995 Federal Government Budget., M. O. Ojo

Bullion

The focus of this paper is on the role of monetary policy in the budget. It outlined and analyse the monetary programme which forms part of the macroeconomies policy framework of the Budget.

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Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, December 1994, Central Bank Of Nigeria Dec 1994

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, December 1994, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

Financial data is compiled from various documents, such as balance sheets and financial statements, to meet legal and administrative requirements rather than economic analysis needs. The Finance and Accounts Department prepares the CBN accounting balance sheet data for the Research Department, using the monthly return of Assets and Liabilities and the summary trial balance as benchmarks. The Financial Statistics Office compiles the analytical CBN balance sheet without major reclassifications or rearrangements. Monetary survey accounts are produced by consolidating accounts of monetary authorities and deposit money banks. Monthly interest rate returns are used to compute weighted average lending and deposit interest …

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Sources And Management Of External Reserves In Nigeria., Newman C. Oputa Dec 1994

Sources And Management Of External Reserves In Nigeria., Newman C. Oputa

Bullion

Reserves are all those foreign assets of a country held by the monetary authorities which can be mobilized at period of external imbalances with else and certainty. External reserves are held in the form of "earning assets" notably government's foreign security or in the form of "non earning" liquid assets like gold bars in the vault of Central Banks. ln Nigeria the composition of the extremal reserve consists of gold, IMF reserve tranche, Special Drawing Rights (SDRS) and convertible currencies, The major sources of extremal reserves are derivable from the components of foreign exchange inflows which include: receipt from petroleum, …

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Factors Affecting The Supply Of Paper In Nigeria, A. P. Awoseyila, K. M. Obitayo Jun 1994

Factors Affecting The Supply Of Paper In Nigeria, A. P. Awoseyila, K. M. Obitayo

Economic and Financial Review

This study reviews the developments in the paper industry with special focus on the supply and factors affecting the supply of paper in Nigeria. The study appreciates the strategic role of paper on socio-economic activities and is concerned with the downward trend in the supply of paper to the market. The data show the low capacity utilization and heavy revenue losses sustained over the years by the local pulp paper mills as well as the declines in the import supply of paper due to the scarcity of foreign exchange. The study attributes the factors constraining the supply of paper to …

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Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 1992, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Jun 1994

Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 1992, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

The net flow of foreign private investment into the Nigerian economy in 1992 witnessed a substantial increase over the preceding year's level of 141,808.0 million to t48,264.2 million. The phenomenal jump was attributable to the renewed confidence in the economy by foreign investors. Gains from the current economy restructuring of the economy and the movement towards democratic government during the year were believed to be taking firm hold. Traditional investment flow components such as unremitted profits and changes in foreign share capital, which used to account for the substantial net inflows, dropped in 1992 from the previous year's levels. Trade …

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Restructuring The Nigerian Financial System For Economic Resuscitation., S. B Falegan Dec 1993

Restructuring The Nigerian Financial System For Economic Resuscitation., S. B Falegan

Bullion

The article provides a detailed analysis on the stages of restructuring the Nigerian Financial System for Economic Resuscitation during the period of 1985-1993 .

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Restructuring The Nigerian Financial Sector For Economic Resuscitation., V.A Odozi Dec 1993

Restructuring The Nigerian Financial Sector For Economic Resuscitation., V.A Odozi

Bullion

This paper examines major developments in the Nigerian financial sector and discusses efforts made so far by the authorities to restructure the sector so as to enhance its efficiency. Major Developments in the Financial Sector The Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) which was adopted in 1986 was the nation's inevitable response to the suffocating effect of the external debt burden on the Nigerian economy, the escalating fall in agricultural productivity, and undue dependence on petroleum as a foreign exchange earner. The paper noted that the increase in the number of banks resulted in competition for bank deposits and other patronages from …

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A Comparative Analysis Of The Export Promotion Strategies In Selected Asia- Pacific Countries And Nigeria, Awosseyila A. P, Obitayo K. M Jun 1993

A Comparative Analysis Of The Export Promotion Strategies In Selected Asia- Pacific Countries And Nigeria, Awosseyila A. P, Obitayo K. M

CBN Occasional Papers

This paper reviews the structures of exports and compares the export promotion strategies adopted by some selected countries in Asia-Pacific region and Nigeria. The aim is to find effective solutions to the diversification and expansion of manufactured exports in Nigeria. The five selected countries comprise of three of the four newly industrializing Asian countries (NICs), namely, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong while the remaining two are members of the six. Associated South East Asian Nations (ASEANS) (Malaysia and Indonesia). Against the background of the world’s average growth rates of 3.2 and 2.0 per cent in 1989 and 1990; the average …

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Developments In The Insurance Industry In Nigeria In 1991, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Jun 1993

Developments In The Insurance Industry In Nigeria In 1991, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

Nigeria's insurance Industry expanded marginally In 1991. While some companies In the Industry diversified their activities from wholly life lo joint life and non-life, the number of companies formerly In the life business remained unchanged. Amidst general price increases, the aggregate industry Income rose although expenditures increased foster.

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Some Strategies For Development Of Nigeria's Agricultural Sector In The 1990s, G. E. Ukpong Jun 1993

Some Strategies For Development Of Nigeria's Agricultural Sector In The 1990s, G. E. Ukpong

Economic and Financial Review

This paper reviews the major policy measures Introduced by the government to Induce growth of output of the agricultural sector and accelerate Its development. Some measures adopted before the Introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP} Included producer prices selling through Marketing Boards, establishment of financial Institutions and Funds to extend credit to the sector at concessionary Interest rates, and the provision of extension services by ministries of agriculture. Agricultural policy measures under SAP consisted, among others, of abolition of Commodity Boards, free market determination of agricultural product prices, a ban on the export and Import of selected agricultural products …

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The Future Of The Financial Services Industry In Nigeria., Victor A. Odozi Mar 1993

The Future Of The Financial Services Industry In Nigeria., Victor A. Odozi

Bullion

The paper is a Keynote Address presented at the Workshop on 'The Future of the Nigerian Finance Industry" Jointly organized by the Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria and the Nigerian Association of Management Consultants, CBIN Auditorium, Victoria Island, February 15,1993.

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