Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Economics Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

LABOR MARKET ISSUES

Articles 571 - 600 of 615

Full-Text Articles in Economics

The Employment And Earnings Impacts Of The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, Kevin Hollenbeck, Richard J. Willke Feb 1991

The Employment And Earnings Impacts Of The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, Kevin Hollenbeck, Richard J. Willke

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit (TJTC) is intended to stimulate the employment of individuals who are members of certain groups of the labor force by providing a wage subsidy (in the form of a tax credit) to employers of recently-hired eligible workers. This intervention into the labor market has direct and indirect earnings and employment consequences for both eligible and ineligible individuals. The paper evaluates the impacts of TJTC by using a treatment and comparison group methodology. Corrections for nonrandom selection are undertaken. The primary sources of data are state quarterly wage record data from the Unemployment Insurance system and …


The Tax Treatment Of Fringe Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury, Wei-Jang Huang Jan 1991

The Tax Treatment Of Fringe Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury, Wei-Jang Huang

Upjohn Press

Woodbury and Huang use econometric models to investigate how changes in the tax treatment of fringe benefits can be expected to influence the level of benefits and compensation provided by employers, federal revenues, and income inequality.


Essays On The Economics Of Discrimination, Emily P. Hoffman Editor Jan 1991

Essays On The Economics Of Discrimination, Emily P. Hoffman Editor

Upjohn Press

This book explores the effects of discrimination on the economic outcomes of various societal groups.


Labor Unions And The Economic Performance Of Firms, Barry T. Hirsch Jan 1991

Labor Unions And The Economic Performance Of Firms, Barry T. Hirsch

Upjohn Press

Hirsch develops a model of union rent-seeking in which the unions capture a share of quasi-rents that make up the normal ROI in long-lived capital and R&D. He finds that in response, firms adjust their investments in vulnerable tangible and intangible capital. Hirsch also attempts to explain the connection between the contraction of the size of unions which occurred in the 1970s and firms' lower profitability, diminished market value, and lower investment levels.


Efficient Bargains In The Context Of Recent Labor Market Experience And Policy, Robert A. Hart, Thomas Moutos Sep 1990

Efficient Bargains In The Context Of Recent Labor Market Experience And Policy, Robert A. Hart, Thomas Moutos

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In Europe in recent times, bargaining between a leading nationally-based industrial union and a representative group of employers over the issues of employment, wages and working time has proved to be influential in a much wider industrial context. Adopting a generalized Nash bargaining approach, this paper considers the possible effects on such "key" bargains of several prominent labor market events and policies experienced since the middle 1970s. These include the impacts of OPEC supply shocks, changes in union power, greater emphasis on payroll taxes as well as growing government economic orthodoxy as expressed through the goal of a balanced budget.


Dislocated Worker Human Capital Depreciation And Recovery, Kevin Hollenbeck May 1990

Dislocated Worker Human Capital Depreciation And Recovery, Kevin Hollenbeck

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Previous studies have estimated the "human capital depreciation" of women re-entering the work force after voluntary, lengthy interruptions. Those studies have found reduced real wages and furthermore the decrease is positively related to the length of the interruption. Upon re-entry, however, real wages grow rapidly as human capital is restored. This paper develops a model of the wage histories of dislocated workers. Similar to labor force re-entrants, those dislocated workers who become re-employed would experience wages below their final wage prior to dislocation and the decrease should be associated with the length of dislocation. However, the model suggests that since …


Passing The Torch: The Influence Of Economic Incentives On Work And Retirement, Joseph F. Quinn, Richard V. Burkhauser, Daniel A. Myers Jan 1990

Passing The Torch: The Influence Of Economic Incentives On Work And Retirement, Joseph F. Quinn, Richard V. Burkhauser, Daniel A. Myers

Upjohn Press

This book summarizes research on individual retirement decisions and aggregate retirement trends. It also serves as an excellent reference source on the economics of retirement.


The Economics Of Comparable Worth, Mark R. Killingsworth Jan 1990

The Economics Of Comparable Worth, Mark R. Killingsworth

Upjohn Press

Killingsworth provides a clear statement of the definitional and conceptual issues surrounding comparable worth as well as an examination of its actual and potential effects. He also shows how comparable worth might work in alternative labor market settings and provides evidence of the effects of the comparable worth measures implemented in San Jose, Calif., the State of Minnesota, and Australia.


Labor-Management Cooperation: New Partnerships Or Going In Circles?, William N. Cooke Jan 1990

Labor-Management Cooperation: New Partnerships Or Going In Circles?, William N. Cooke

Upjohn Press

Cooke answers important questions about labor-management cooperative efforts and addresses the problems undermining these efforts. His analyses are based on a variety of secondary data sources plus primary data from three nationwide surveys of plant managers, union leaders, and industry executives. Also included are several prescriptions for the success of labor-management cooperative efforts.


Recent Developments In The Theory Of Involuntary Unemployment, Carl Davidson Jan 1990

Recent Developments In The Theory Of Involuntary Unemployment, Carl Davidson

Upjohn Press

This monograph provides a relatively nontechnical summary of the prominent theories of unemployment that have emerged since 1960: search, disequilibrium, implicit contracts, efficiency wage, and insider/outsider models. Davidson focuses on the overall purpose of each line of research, reviewing selected articles on each of the theories. He then offers clear descriptions that make the topics readily accessible to both students and nonspecialists.


Two-Tier Compensation Structures: Their Impact On Unions, Employers, And Employees, James Martin, Thomas D. Heetderks Jan 1990

Two-Tier Compensation Structures: Their Impact On Unions, Employers, And Employees, James Martin, Thomas D. Heetderks

Upjohn Press

Martin conducted a study at a large company where its various wage tier systems allowed assessment of the long-term impact of tiers. Part of this study included the development of a survey designed to explore eight research questions related to tiers and to test five hypotheses of low-tier v. high-tier employees.


Current Economic Issues In Employee Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury Sep 1989

Current Economic Issues In Employee Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury

Book Chapters

No abstract provided.


Assisting Displaced Workers: Do The States Have A Better Idea?, Duane E. Leigh Jan 1989

Assisting Displaced Workers: Do The States Have A Better Idea?, Duane E. Leigh

Upjohn Press

This work provides a comprehensive assessment of state initiatives designed to deal with worker displacement. Leigh considers quantitative and qualitative studies of state programs, evaluations of state- and federally-funded demonstration projects and pilot programs, and studies of the design and operation of foreign government programs.


From One Job To The Next: Worker Adjustment In A Changing Labor Market, Adam Seitchik, Jeffrey Zornitsky Jan 1989

From One Job To The Next: Worker Adjustment In A Changing Labor Market, Adam Seitchik, Jeffrey Zornitsky

Upjohn Press

The authors discuss how the structure of job opportunities has changed over the last two decades; specifically the transfer of jobs from manufacturing to service industries. They then link these changes to issues of worker displacement policy and worker mobility.


Strikers And Subsidies: The Influence Of Government Transfer Programs On Strike Activity, Robert M. Hutchens, David B. Lipsky, Robert N. Stern Jan 1989

Strikers And Subsidies: The Influence Of Government Transfer Programs On Strike Activity, Robert M. Hutchens, David B. Lipsky, Robert N. Stern

Upjohn Press

The authors assess laws governing striker eligibility for government transfers, finding evidence linking UI payments to strike activity.


The Wage Carrot And The Pension Stick: Retirement Benefits And Labor Force Participation, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, David A. Wise Jan 1989

The Wage Carrot And The Pension Stick: Retirement Benefits And Labor Force Participation, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, David A. Wise

Upjohn Press

Kotlikoff and Wise document the continued backloading of pension benefits and the extent of retirement incentives by examining pension accrual in over 1,500 companies with defined benefit plans. They also perform a detailed analysis on the retirement plan of a "Fortune 500" company.


Organized Labor At The Crossroads, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor Jan 1989

Organized Labor At The Crossroads, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor

Upjohn Press

This group of essays offers a detailed look at the problems, choices and future of industrial relations.


The State Of Economic Science: Views Of Six Nobel Laureates, Werner Sichel Editor Jan 1989

The State Of Economic Science: Views Of Six Nobel Laureates, Werner Sichel Editor

Upjohn Press

Six distinguished Nobel Laureates offer their views on the current state of economic science in a thought-provoking yet straightforward set of essays.


Unemployment, Vacancies And Local Labor Markets, Harry J. Holzer Jan 1989

Unemployment, Vacancies And Local Labor Markets, Harry J. Holzer

Upjohn Press

Unemployment rates in the U.S. vary considerably over time and across local areas. Economists have long been concerned with explaining these variations and have attempted to distinguish various components of unemployment to explain these variations in rates. Holzer uses firm-level data on job vacancies, sales growth, and wages within and across a group of 28 local labor markets to examine these issues.


A Second Chance: Training For Jobs, Sar A. Levitan, Frank Gallo Jan 1988

A Second Chance: Training For Jobs, Sar A. Levitan, Frank Gallo

Upjohn Press

Levitan and Gallo make use of their considerable experience and prior research to provide a critical assessment of the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA). The authors evaluate state governments' role in guiding and monitoring the program, and suggest that the success rates are actually lower than the reported official figures. Anyone interested in the JTPA or other job training program will benefit from the assessments provided by the authors in this book.


Advance Notice Provisions In Plant Closing Legislation, Ronald G. Ehrenberg, George Jakubson Jan 1988

Advance Notice Provisions In Plant Closing Legislation, Ronald G. Ehrenberg, George Jakubson

Upjohn Press

After summarizing the theoretical arguments for and against plant closing legislation, the authors present results of empirical analyses, based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics Survey of Displaced Workers and other data sources, that show that having advance notice appears to reduce the probability that a displaced worker will suffer any spell of unemployment.


Plant Closings And Worker Displacement: The Regional Issues, Marie Howland Jan 1988

Plant Closings And Worker Displacement: The Regional Issues, Marie Howland

Upjohn Press

Howland examines the relationship between regional employment shifts and plant closures and describes the implications of that relationship for displaced worker study. Her findings support an argument against industrial policy as a means of slowing the pace of worker dislocation as well as against concession in wages, utility bills, and taxes as strategies for retaining local jobs. Howland also presents several policy options for both national policy makers and local economic development officials, and argues for increased federal support for local takeovers of closing branch plants and subsidiaries and for financial and adjustment assistance for displaced workers.


Job-Saving Strategies: Worker Buyouts And Qwl, Arthur Hochner, Cherlyn S. Granrose, Judith Goode, Eileen R. Appelbaum, Elaine Simon Jan 1988

Job-Saving Strategies: Worker Buyouts And Qwl, Arthur Hochner, Cherlyn S. Granrose, Judith Goode, Eileen R. Appelbaum, Elaine Simon

Upjohn Press

This book probes the effectiveness of two job-saving strategies, worker buyouts and QWL (quality of worklife) programs, used to try to reverse the shutdown of a chain of supermarkets in Philadelphia.


Worker Dislocation: Case Studies Of Causes And Cures, Robert F. Cook Editor Jan 1987

Worker Dislocation: Case Studies Of Causes And Cures, Robert F. Cook Editor

Upjohn Press

This book describes various projects to assist dislocated workers under Title III of the JTPA, and offers lessons on what has and hasn't worked.


Saving Plants And Jobs: Union-Management Negotiations In The Context Of Threatened Plant Closing, Paul F. Gerhart Jan 1987

Saving Plants And Jobs: Union-Management Negotiations In The Context Of Threatened Plant Closing, Paul F. Gerhart

Upjohn Press

Gerhart uses a case study approach to examine why plants become economically inviable as well as how to prevent this from happening prematurely.


Human Resource Policy Issues: Panel On Technology And Employment, Committee On Science, Engineering, And Public Policy, H. Allan Hunt Sep 1986

Human Resource Policy Issues: Panel On Technology And Employment, Committee On Science, Engineering, And Public Policy, H. Allan Hunt

Testimonies

No abstract provided.


The W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research 1945-1985: Seeking Paths To Fuller Employment, Saul J. Blaustein Jan 1986

The W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research 1945-1985: Seeking Paths To Fuller Employment, Saul J. Blaustein

Upjohn Press

No abstract provided.


Union Organizing And Public Policy: Failure To Secure First Contracts, William N. Cooke Jan 1985

Union Organizing And Public Policy: Failure To Secure First Contracts, William N. Cooke

Upjohn Press

Investigates factors that explain why 25-30 percent of the time unions fail to obtain collective bargaining agreements after winning the right to negotiate.


The Economics Of Aging, Myron H. Ross Editor Jan 1985

The Economics Of Aging, Myron H. Ross Editor

Upjohn Press

Retirement-related issues are discussed including social security, healthcare, and inflation.


Statement [For] Distribution And Economics Of Employer Provided Fringe Benefits: Hearings Before The Subcommittee On Social Security And Subcommittee On Select Revenue Measures Of The Committee On Ways And Means, House Of Representatives, Stephen A. Woodbury Sep 1984

Statement [For] Distribution And Economics Of Employer Provided Fringe Benefits: Hearings Before The Subcommittee On Social Security And Subcommittee On Select Revenue Measures Of The Committee On Ways And Means, House Of Representatives, Stephen A. Woodbury

Testimonies

No abstract provided.