Economics Commons^™

Butterfly Pattern: Innovative Exploration Of Scientific Research Paradigm In Era Of Big Science—Based On 15-Year Practice Of Integrated Development Of Science And Industry In Shenzhen Institute Of Advanced Technology (Siat), Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Jianping Fan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the era of big science, the innovation chain and the industry chain are deeply integrated, promoting the continuous evolution of the underlying logic of the "linear model" and the "Pasteur's quadrant". The world scientific research is gradually evolving to the collaborative interaction of innovative subjects and the system integration of various elements. On the basis of in-depth exploration of the linear model and Pasteur's quadrant, SIAT focuses on creating a closed-loop ecology of the innovation chain and industrial chain. By integrating science and industry from design to advancing, SIAT has built a "butterfly pattern", which integrates and reconstructs the …

The Economic Impact Of The North Central West Virginia Airport Expansion, Eric Bowen

Bureau of Business & Economic Research

The North Central West Virginia (NCWV) Airport in Clarksburg/Bridgeport has experienced rapid growth over the last decade. The number of airline passengers through the airport increased nearly four-fold between 2010 and 2019. The airport was also chosen as the primary US hub for the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries airplane refurbishment facility, which services airplanes from most major airlines.

Because of this rapid growth, the NCWV Airport has begun construction on a new terminal building in order to handle the increased traffic through the area. In this report, we provide an economic impact estimate of the terminal’s expansion and associated growth in …

Can Social Support Ameliorate Burnout?, Timothy Finney

Master's Theses

Mental health provides different areas of interest compared to physical health when looking at general health. Social support decreases the negative impacts of burnout while positively influencing productive components of the economy. Social sciences other than economics such as sociology and psychology take notice of the impact of social support on burnout. Pronto Soccorso e Medicina d’ Urgenza Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria in Parma, Italy provides high quality health care services before and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic while anticipating continuing to administer care well into the future. Here we show social support effecting workers in the health care industry. Work colleagues influencing …

The Kalamazoo Promise “Sweet 16," Summary Study Results: 16 Key Findings From 16 Years Studying The Kalamazoo Promise, Kathleen Bolter, Isabel Mcmullen

Reports

No abstract provided.

Transit Equity In Southeast Brooklyn, Noam J. Gal

Student Theses and Dissertations

Over the years, planners have considered numerous proposals to expand the subway system further into Southeast Brooklyn including the Utica Avenue Line and the Interborough Express. It remains to be seen whether any of these megaprojects will come to fruition. This honors thesis analyzes the equity impact that Brooklyn’s largest transit desert has had upon its inhabitants. I use an interdisciplinary approach to analyze both qualitative and quantitative data to explain why the subway does not extend into the focus area, how residents have adapted to the status quo, and what policymakers can do to improve transit equity in Southeast …

The Voluntary Carbon Market: Managing The Private Provision Of Public Goods, Atticus Maloney

Gettysburg College Headquarters

While much work has examined the large-scale compliance-based carbon offset programs associated with the Kyoto Protocol and Clean Development Mechanism, there has been far less focus on the voluntary purchasing of carbon offsets. This critical literature review will look at the formation and management of the demand for voluntary carbon offsets within the United States. It will frame carbon offsets as impure public goods and review possible explanations as to why private provision has been so active in the U.S. market. The paper will then survey the efficiency gains and other benefits associated with the voluntary market. It will highlight …

How Federal Pandemic Relief Helped Replenish State Unemployment Reserves, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline

Upjohn Institute Policy Papers

Unemployment insurance (UI) is a joint federal-state program that pays temporary partial earnings replacement to involuntarily unemployed workers while they seek reemployment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, UI claims surged and became a primary source for income replacement for workers who lost their jobs. However, despite previous federal incentives for states to shore up their UI funding reserves, the scale of claims during the pandemic was unprecedented, and the federal government needed to step in to help pay not only for direct, expanded benefits but for additional assistance to states themselves. Although this effort helped backstop the successful operation of states’ …

On The Impact Of Imf Loans And Conditions: A Gender Lens, Reem Ahmed Kamal

Future Journal of Social Science

This paper attempts to examine the impact of IMF programs and subsequent policy conditions from a gender lens. We argue that the IMF’s orthodox adjustment policies deteriorate the development outcomes of women disproportionately, mainly due to undermining recipient states’ expenditure capacity on female-dominated work and service sectors. Consequently, women face hardships in managing their dual roles -in both the market and the domestic spheres- which affects the efficiency of society's productive and reproductive sectors. First, we detect the main macro and political-economic determinants of IMF participation using a probit estimation. Second, we use the predicted probabilities in stage one to …

Investigating The Potential Impacts Of Mega Archeological Projects In Egypt, Adla Ragab, Ahmad M. Ragab

Future Journal of Social Science

Cultural tourism has gained considerable prominence as a tool contributing to the social and economic development of countries. This paper investigates the potential impacts of recent mega archeological projects in Egypt. Three main questions are addressed in this study, including 1) How do stakeholders perceive the importance of mega archeological projects in Egypt?, 2) What are the potential economic, social, and environmental implications associated with mega archeological initiatives in Egypt?, and 3) How to utilize mega archeological projects to upscale Egyptian tourism? To provide answers to these questions, international experiences highlighting the return on cultural heritage investments are reviewed, and …

Dynamics Between Power Consumption And Economic Growth At Aggregated And Disaggregated (Sectoral) Level Using The Frequency Domain Causality, Ashutosh Dash, Sangram Keshari Jena, Aviral Kumar Tiwari, Shawkat Hammoudeh

Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies

We investigated the Granger causal relationship between the consumption of power both at the aggregate and sectoral level and economic growth in India using the frequency domain approach, which would help policy makers seek the efficient allocation of electricity via proper policy initiatives at different frequencies. We find that at the aggregate level, unidirectional causality runs from the total power consumption to economic growth, starting from the second up to the seventh quarter. In the sectoral context, the results are different. Since there is no causality between industrial power consumption and economic growth; therefore, an energy conservation policy can thus …

Gender-Targeted Policies, Women's Empowerment, And Intrahousehold Inequality, Andrea Maria Flores

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

A growing number of development policies increasingly target women as beneficiaries or grant protections to women under the premise that monetary resources in the hands of mothers are more likely to be spent on children's human capital than monetary resources in the hands of fathers. This dissertation explores how observed household responses to these policies can be effectively attributed to their impact on households' decision-making structure. The first two chapters empirically and theoretically explore whether the 2002 urban expansion of Mexico's Progresa/Oportunidades conditional cash transfer program was effective at simultaneously empowering mothers and increasing household investments in children's human capital. …

Essays On Strategies For Increasing Repayment Rates Of Digital Microloans, Alain Rutayisire Shema

Dissertations - ALL

Access to credit can act as a highly effective tool for poverty reduction and economic growth. The ability to borrow increases the propensity of low-income people to start and maintain businesses, educate their children and withstand financial shocks. These factors, in turn, can help them to move out of poverty and lead to more sustainable economic development. However, traditional financial institutions have inherent limitations that have impeded their ability to serve the poor.

Digital lenders are able to leverage the widespread adoption of mobile phones and mobile money to extend credit quickly and conveniently to more people, especially in developing …

Three Essays On Partial Identification For Applied Health Economics, Giuseppe Germinario

Dissertations - ALL

This dissertation consists of three chapters which explore the usefulness of partial identification methods for estimating treatment effects in applied health economics research. Each one applies the methodology to different settings in which establishing causality has traditionally been difficult, and seeks to demonstrate when a bounding approach can—and cannot—aid researchers in learning about causal relationships.The first chapter studies the Housing Choice Voucher program in the United States and estimates bounds on the effect that receiving this form of housing assistance has on self-reported health status and the likelihood of hospitalization within the eligible population of renters. The second chapter aims …

Three Essays On The Economics Of Education, Rachel Jarrold-Grapes

Dissertations - ALL

This dissertation is comprised of three essays on the economics of education. The first and third chapters examine marijuana legalization and its effects on students, while the second chapter examines the impact of pension incentives on teacher quality.The first chapter examines the extent to which there are negative spillovers of recreational marijuana legalization on underage marijuana use and educational outcomes. I use two complementary identification strategies that rely on plausibly exogenous spatial and temporal variation in access to marijuana in Oregon. In November of 2014, Oregon passed Measure 91, a referendum to legalize recreational marijuana. Unlike other legal states, Oregon …

Three Essays On Globalization, Structural Change, And Political Economy, Nam Seok Kim

Dissertations - ALL

Re-allocation of labor from less productive sectors to more productive sectors is essential in attaining economic growth. Because only some developing countries achieve productive labor re-allocation, it is important to address the determinant of productive labor re-allocation. Based on this motivation, Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 focus on the role of unionization in structural change. In Chapter 1, I provide detailed dynamics by constructing an index for the degree of unionization for each sector in each region of South Korea and Taiwan. The magnitude of growth-enhancing structural change was lowered when a sector in a region had a higher degree …

The Effect Of Quantitative Easing On The U.S. Stock Market And Wealth Inequality, Griffin Phillips

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

My thesis will investigate and attempt to find a causal relationship between Quantitative Easing (QE) and the U.S. stock market since 2003. The secondary effects will then be explored to see if stock prices impact wealth inequality. To find the causal relationship between the QE and the stock market, a regression model will be used. It predicts the magnitude of effects of QE and other variables that may impact stock prices. Since 2007-2009, the Federal Reserve has used QE as a means to spur economic growth. This expansionary monetary policy has impacted many financial markets, including the U.S. stock market. …

How Do Business Cycles, Sex, And Race Affect College Major Choice?, Matthew Varsi

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

No abstract provided.

Essays On Market Structure, Business Cycles And Monetary Economics, Ke Chao

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

What contributes to the persistence of economic recessions? How should policy respond to economic crises? The dissertation sheds some new light upon these questions in three chapters. The first chapter explores how market concentration affects business cycles. I build a model featuring the dynamic strategic competition between a forward-looking large firm and a continuum of heterogeneous entrepreneurs who are financially constrained. In the model, the elasticity of demand and the optimal markup of the large firm are determined by the degree of concentration and dynamic strategic considerations. I show that the effect of concentration depends on how the shock alters …

Essays On Decision Theory, Edward Honda

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation provides three chapters on decision theory. The main purpose is to consider how economists can rationalize or explain the choices that are being made by decision makers in the economy. For example, when we observe certain substitution patterns among products in a market, we may be interested in questions like why such a pattern arises or what such behavior may tell us about substitution patterns among other similar products. Therefore, all of the chapters focus on writing mathematical models that can help explain the choice behaviors we may observe.The first two chapters focus mainly on what is sometimes …

Law And Decisions In Corporations, Xinyu Hou

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation studies the impact of corporate laws and bankruptcy laws on decisions in corporationsfrom a theoretical perspective. Chapter 1 studies the impact of liability rules on firms’ choices of care (affecting the frequency of tort damages) and scale (level of output) at the extensive and intensive margins. Chapter 2 focuses on gambling using derivatives, made more available by recent changes in the bankruptcy law granting repos and other derivatives “superpriority,” which is exemption from the automatic stay and clawback in bankruptcy. Limited liability is a birth right given by law to corporations, LLCs, and to differing extents specialforms of …

Essays On The Higher Education Market And Financial Aid Policies, Yuan Huang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the dissertation is to study the role of market structure and education policy on the efficiency and distribution outcomes in the U.S. college market. Through economic modeling and empirical analysis, I aim to assess the effectiveness of existing and potential education policies in enhancing human capital while ensuring equity in access to high-quality education. The dissertation consists of two chapters. In the first chapter, I study the effects of college market power and Federal financial subsidy on the market equilibrium outcomes and the distribution of economic surplus, using a structural model that incorporates heterogeneous students' demand for …

Household Behavior And Taxation: A Focus On The Labor Market, Mariana Odio Zuniga

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The decision-making process within the household is a significant component to be taken into consideration for policy design in both developed and developing economies. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on understanding how joint-household behavior and taxation impact the labor market and intergenerational mobility. To this end, Chapters 1 and 2, focus on how joint-household behavior and taxation impact the formal-informal sector composition in Brazil. Meanwhile, Chapter 3 analyses the role of taxation, child expenditures, and family structure on intergenerational mobility of educational outcomes. Among the most significant challenges of the labor market in developing countries is reducing high informality rates, which …

Essays In Behavioral Corporate Finance, Corporate Governance, And Higher Purpose, Kingsley Wabara

Olin Business School Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Does individual financial risk-taking behavior indeed vary by gender? If yes, how exactly? Moreover, what happens when individuals with differential tendencies (e.g., risk-taking, sense of higher purpose, et cetera) come together in small groups such as the corporate board to decide on financial risk-taking or conduct intense board oversight? What role does group or board structure play in all of these? In effect, how does the within-group power and influence asymmetry affect the manifestation of the individual tendencies in boards’ decisions, corporate behavior, and financial outcomes? The lack of conclusive answers to these questions is at the core of several …

Climate Change, Information, Beliefs And Action: Can New Information Affect Swedes’ Climate Change Mitigation Efforts?, Martin Kihlstedt

Undergraduate Economic Review

This study illuminates which beliefs drive climate mitigation efforts in the Swedish public and how they are affected by information. Using data gathered in an online experiment (n=372), this study finds that a range of beliefs predict Swedes’ climate mitigation efforts. Mainly, it finds that the impact of correcting misperceptions about either Sweden’s emissions or social norms is both varied and limited. Information about Sweden’s emissions has a negative impact on climate policy support. This effect is not fully explained by some respondents perceiving the information as lacking in credibility. Information about norms has a positive impact on respondents self-estimated …

Three Essays In Risky Health Behavior And Racial Discrimination, Aakrit Joshi

Economics ETDs

This dissertation consists of three applied essays that empirically explore questions related to understanding the implication of public policy, practices, and interventions for vulnerable populations. The first chapter outlines the scope of the dissertation.

The second chapter examines the contemporary effects of historical redlining, practices that restricted access to mortgage financing for racial minorities, on residential property values. Using “redlining” geographical boundaries created in 1930s for Seattle, WA and Richmond, VA, and detailed housing data, econometric analysis finds that properties just inside a redlined boundary continue to sell at significantly discounted price compared to similar houses in non-redlined areas. These …

Essays In Advertising, Regulation And Consumer Naivety, Aastha Gupta

Economics Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation consists of three essays that focus on the theoretical analysis of regulation of firm’s communication regarding the quality of its product and the impact of such regulation on market outcome.

The first essay, “Advertising Through Influencers and Disclosure Regulation”, focuses on the recent FTC regulations which require mandatory disclosure of all paid advertising content through social media influencers. This chapter investigates the impact of this disclosure policy on market outcomes when the influencer has the expertise to evaluate product quality and influence the beliefs of both potential buyers as well as the firm. In markets where the influencers …

Municipal Finances In West Virginia, Christopher Plein, Priscila Borges Marques Dos Santos, Eric Bowen, John Deskins

Bureau of Business & Economic Research

West Virginia’s municipalities are part of the lifeblood of our state. From the smallest incorporated towns and villages to our larger cities like Charleston, Wheeling, and Morgantown, our state’s cities and towns often act as hubs for civic, social, cultural, and economic activity. We associate these municipalities and their surrounding communities as places to shop, work, worship, and receive services like healthcare and education. This report seeks to place West Virginia’s cities and towns in this broader context of change, challenge, and opportunity by providing an in-depth study of major features, trends, and factors in municipal finance.

Workforce Development: A Comparative Analysis Of Community College Governance And Funding In The Mountain West And Policy Proposals For Nevada, Peter Grema

Student Research

Nevada experienced one of the worst economic downturns in the nation following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which exposed the vulnerability of Nevada workers. In his 2021 State of the State address, Governor Steve Sisolak highlighted aligning the state’s workforce development capacity with community colleges to best leverage federal funding and statewide infrastructure for jobs training and economic recovery. In addition, he said, “I will be asking the Legislature to work with the Nevada System of Higher Education over the next two years to develop a framework transitioning Nevada’s community colleges to a new independent authority that will focus …

How Do Reward Versus Penalty Framed Incentives Affect Diagnostic Performance In Auditing?, Bright (Yue) Hong, Timothy W. Shields

ESI Working Papers

Prior research examines how rewards versus economically equivalent penalties affect effort. However, accountants perform various diagnostic analyses that involve more than exerting effort. For example, auditors often need to identify whether a material misstatement is the underlying cause of a phenomenon among the possible causes. Testing helps identify the cause, but testing is costly. When participants are incentivized to test accurately (rather than test more) and objectively (unbiased between testing and not testing), we find that framing the incentives as rewards versus equivalent penalties increases testing by lowering the subjective testing criterion and by increasing the assessed risk of material …

Motives For Cooperation In The One-Shot Prisoner’S Dilemma, Mark Schneider, Timothy W. Shields

ESI Working Papers

We investigate the motives for cooperation in the one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD). A prior study finds that cooperation rates in one-shot PD games can be ranked empirically by the social surplus from cooperation. That study employs symmetric payoffs from cooperation in simultaneous PD games. Hence, in that setting, it is not possible to discern the motives for cooperation since three prominent social welfare criteria, social surplus (efficiency) preferences, Rawlsian maximin preferences, and inequity aversion make the same predictions. In the present paper, we conduct an experiment to identify which of these social preferences best explains differences in cooperation rates and …