Economics Commons^™

สื่อสังคมออนไลน์กับการเป็นพื้นที่สาธารณะในสังคมไทย, พรภัทรา ภาณุนันทน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

สื่อสังคมออนไลน์ในฐานะพื้นที่สาธารณะยุคใหม่แห่งศตวรรษที่ 21 เติบโตบนแพลตฟอร์มออนไลน์ Cyberspace นับตั้งแต่ช่วงหลังสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 เป็นต้นมา โดยมีรากฐานมาจากแนวคิดของ Jürgen Habermas (1989) นักทฤษฎีสังคมแบบสหวิทยาการชาวเยอรมัน ได้เสนอมโนทัศน์การเปลี่ยนรูปเชิงโครงสร้างของสังคมโดยได้อธิบายผ่านพื้นที่สาธารณะในยุโรปช่วงศตวรรษที่ 18 สอดคล้องกับสื่อสังคมออนไลน์ในปัจจุบันซึ่งมีลักษณะของความเป็นสังคม (Sociality) (Fuchs, 2014) งานวิจัยนี้ได้ศึกษาสื่อสังคมออนไลน์ประเภท Facebook และ Line เพื่อหาคำตอบว่าทั้ง 2 สื่อสามารถทำหน้าที่เป็นพื้นที่สาธารณะได้จริงหรือไม่ และมุ่งศึกษาว่ามีปัจจัยใดบ้างที่สนับสนุนและเป็นอุปสรรคต่อการทำหน้าที่เป็นพื้นที่สาธารณะ โดยได้ศึกษาด้วยวิธีวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ (Qualitative Research) วิเคราะห์แนวคิดทฤษฎี บทความ ข่าวและงานวิจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับอัลกอริธึม (Algorithms) และฟีเจอร์ (Features) ร่วมกับการสังเกตการณ์ (Observation) จากการใช้งานจริงและสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกกลุ่มตัวอย่างแบบ Active User นำไปสู่การวิเคราะห์ลักษณะการทำงานของสื่อและพฤติกรรมการใช้งานของคนในสังคมว่ามีการคัดเลือกเนื้อหาสาร รวมกลุ่มและแบ่งแยกกลุ่มที่สัมพันธ์ไปกับการออกแบบระบบการทำงานสื่อโดยมีกลุ่มทุนเป็นเจ้าของ และยังตกอยู่ภายใต้การควบคุมของกลุ่มอำนาจรัฐอีกด้วย สะท้อนให้เห็นว่าอิทธิพลโครงสร้างทางเศรษฐกิจการเมืองมีอำนาจครอบงำอยู่เบื้องหลัง นอกจากนี้ข้อมูลของทั้ง 2 สื่อยังถูกนำมาวิเคราะห์ร่วมกับหลักเกณฑ์พื้นที่สาธารณะออนไลน์ว่ามีความสอดคล้องกันหรือไม่ ในส่วนสุดท้ายของวิทยานิพนธ์สามารถสรุปได้ว่าสื่อสังคมออนไลน์ทำหน้าที่เป็นพื้นที่สาธารณะได้แต่ไม่สมบูรณ์ เนื่องจากมีลักษณะบางประการที่ไม่สอดคล้องกับหลักเกณฑ์พื้นที่สาธารณะ โดยมีปัจจัยที่เป็นอุปสรรคคือกลไกการทำงานของตัวสื่อและพฤติกรรมผู้ใช้งาน

ผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสียในสาธารณสุขชายแดน พื้นที่เขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษแม่สอด, อมรา ศรีงาม

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อวิเคราะห์ผลกระทบของการเคลื่อนย้ายประชากรระหว่างประเทศต่อการพัฒนาสาธารณสุขชายแดน และศึกษาปฏิสัมพันธ์ของกลุ่มต่างๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับประเด็นสาธารณสุข ณ พื้นที่เขตพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจพิเศษแม่สอด ผ่านการใช้ระเบียบวิธีวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพโดยเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลจากการวิจัยเอกสารที่เกี่ยวข้องและสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกกลุ่มเป้าหมาย เพื่อนำข้อมูลมาวิเคราะห์ประเด็นด้านสาธารณสุขชายแดนอันได้รับอิทธิพลหรือผลกระทบจากการรวมกลุ่มทางเศรษฐกิจของไทยกับประเทศในภูมิภาคเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้และการพัฒนาพื้นที่ชายแดนเป็นเขตพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจพิเศษภายใต้กรอบแนวคิด/ทฤษฎีเสรีนิยมใหม่ (Neo - Liberal) และการเคลื่อนย้ายประชากรระหว่างประเทศ จากการศึกษาพบว่า การเติบโตของพื้นที่เศรษฐกิจชายแดนมีความต่อเนื่อง การเคลื่อนย้ายประชากรระหว่างประเทศภายใต้แนวคิดเสรีนิยมใหม่มีความยืดหยุ่นมากขึ้น ทำให้มีประชากรแฝงซึ่งเป็นคนข้ามชาติอยู่ในพื้นที่เป็นจำนวนมาก อันส่งผลกระทบต่องานบริการด้านสาธารสุขชายแดนทั้งจำนวนหน่วยบริการสาธารณสุขและบุคลากรไม่เพียงพอต่อจำนวนประชากรที่เพิ่มขึ้น โอกาสการเกิดและแพร่กระจายโรคมีสูงขึ้น ปัญหาด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมซึ่งเจ้าหน้าที่สาธารณสุขต้องเข้าไปดูแลมีเพิ่มมากขึ้น ไม่เพียงเท่านั้นหน่วยบริการสาธารณสุขของภาครัฐในพื้นที่ประสบกับปัญหาค่าใช้จ่ายที่ไม่อาจเรียกเก็บได้จากคนข้ามชาติที่เข้ามารักษา แม้ว่าจะมีแม่ตาวคลินิกช่วยแบ่งเบาภาระในการรักษาคนข้ามชาติที่มีรายได้น้อยแล้วก็ตาม ถือเป็นปฏิสัมพันธ์ในแง่ของความร่วมมือระหว่างภาครัฐและมูลนิธิหรือองค์กรพัฒนาเอกชนในการให้บริการผู้มีรายได้น้อยตลอดจนการป้องกันโรคติดต่อข้ามแดน ส่วนผู้มีรายได้สูงเลือกที่จะใช้บริการโรงพยาบาลเอกชนซึ่งมีความสะดวกสบายคล่องตัวมากกว่าแทน จากสภาพการณ์ที่มีคนข้ามชาติเข้ามารักษา ณ โรงพยาบาลของภาครัฐ จึงทำให้ผู้ป่วยที่เป็นคนไทยมีความอดทนมากขึ้นจากสภาพการณ์ของการรักษาพยาบาลที่แออัดเพราะตระหนักถึงผลประโยชน์ที่ได้รับร่วมกัน

Three Essays On Maternal And Child Health, Mandar V. Bodas

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is a collection of three separate essays on the health of women and children. In the first essay, I along with my co-authors, analyzed the impact of two large, national-level health policies (the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) and the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)) on maternal health outcomes (proportion of institutional deliveries) in India. We used data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) and found that the JSY and the NRHM had a greater impact on institutional deliveries in high-focus states. We also found that the conditions of the public health facilities, did not change after the …

Tommi's Place: An Adaptation And Commentary On Uncle Tom's Cabin, Vanessa L. Jackson

Theses and Dissertations

Harriet Beecher Stowe penned Uncle Tom’s Cabin which was published in 1852. This book exposed and condemned the atrocities of slavery. Her book became a bestseller and is said to be one of the primary reasons why slavery was eventually abolished. Though slavery has been dismantled the system of oppression which allowed the marginalization of others to thrive has never been eliminated. This system established a dominant culture; one which oppresses those of African descent and has endured for centuries. Tommi’s Place retells Uncle Tom’s Cabin in contemporary corporate America. Tommi’s Place reflects that this system of oppression is still …

Culture And Colonial Legacy: Evidence From Public Goods Games, Latika Chaudhary, Jared Rubin, Sriya Iyer, Anand Shrivastava

ESI Working Papers

We conduct a public goods game in three small towns in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Due to historical military conquest, until 1947 these towns were on (barely) opposite sides of a colonial border separating British India from the Princely States. Our research design offers a treatment comparison between the towns of (British) Kekri and (Princely) Sarwar, and a control comparison between (Princely) Sarwar and (Princely) Shahpura. We find no significant difference in contributions to home town groups, but a significant difference in contributions to mixed town groups. Participants in (British) Kekri are more co-operative (i.e., contribute more) in mixed …

Trust In Humans And Robots: Economically Similar But Emotionally Different, Eric Schniter, Timothy W. Shields, Daniel Sznycer

ESI Working Papers

Trust-based interactions with robots are increasingly common in the marketplace, workplace, on the road, and in the home. However, a looming concern is that people may not trust robots as they do humans. While trust in fellow humans has been studied extensively, little is known about how people extend trust to robots. Here we compare trust-based investments and emotions from across three nearly identical economic games: human-human trust games, human-robot trust games, and human-robot trust games where the robot decision impacts another human. Robots in our experiment mimic humans: they are programmed to make reciprocity decisions based on previously observed …

Oregon Manufacturing Extension Partnership: Economic Impact Analysis -- January 2018 Update, Emma Willingham

Northwest Economic Research Center Publications and Reports

The Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), founded in 1988, is a network of non-profit agencies staffed by industry professionals and consultants. Historically, MEP has sought to increase the competitiveness of small to mid-size enterprises (which as a group comprise 99% of all U.S. manufacturing firms) by providing expert guidance and access to resources. In recent years, the severe economic recession sparked increased interest in the strength of the manufacturing sector, due to its longtime status as one of the major drivers of the domestic economy. Oregon Manufacturing Extension Partnership (OMEP), the Oregon branch of MEP, works to provide data-driven analysis …

Book Comments, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Perfect competition and imperfect empirical evidence [Handwritten working note]. The New School for Social Research. Unpublished. Includes a quadratic equation and its first-order condition, likely related to a chapter or argument in the capitalism book.
• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Capitalism book: OUP [Handwritten folder label and internal working note]. The New School for Social Research. Unpublished. Outer folder identifying the contents as materials related to the Oxford University Press edition of Capitalism: Competition, conflict, crises.
• Shaikh, A. (2016). Capitalism: Competition, conflict, crises [Publisher promotional flyer, three copies]. Oxford University Press. Hardcover ISBN 9780199390632, February …

A Review Of Economic Studies Relating To The Bureau Of Land Management's Wild Horse And Burro Program, Paul M. Jakus

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This paper reviews literature addressing the benefits and costs of the Bureau of Land Management’s Wild Horse and Burro (WHB) Program. Within the framework of a comprehensive benefit cost analysis of the WHB Program, I find that program cost estimates are readily available from numerous sources. A more limited set of estimates of the opportunity cost of WHB on the range is available, as is a single estimate of the benefits provided by animal adoption. In contrast, there are no economic estimates of ecological damages caused by WHB in excess of the Appropriate Management Level, nor does a search of …

Effect Of Quality Health Care And Support Network On Maternal And Children Outcome In Uganda, Chukwuemeka Ugwu

Master's Theses

About 300,000 women mostly of developing countries die due to pregnancy-related birth complications every year (Smith & Rodriguez. 2015). In Uganda, the maternal death is 1 in every 44 women (State of the World's Mothers' Index 2015, by Save the Children). This places the country as 141 out of 179 by the same ranking. Existing data attributes this anomaly mainly to lack of prompt obstetrics services (Wilunda et al, 2015). Thus, this paper presents empirical evidence of the effect of quality health care and support network on the outcome of a mother and her children during maternity. We employed survey …

English Proficiency And Earnings Of U.S. Immigrants, Toni F. Moeller

Honors Program Theses

Every year thousands of immigrants come to the United States and look to join the labor force. Most of these immigrants have a first language that is not English. This study analyzes how wage income, business and farm income, and investment income are affected by English proficiency in 2004, 2009, and 2014. I use data from the American Community Survey and a log-linear econometric model to explore this relationship. I conclude that wage income and business and farm income had a positive relationship with English proficiency in 2004, 2009, and 2014 whereas investment income only had a significant positive relationship …

Dorothy Moser Medlin Papers - Accession 1049, Dorothy Moser Medlin

Manuscript Collection

(The Dorothy Moser Medlin Papers are currently in processing.)

This collection contains most of the records of Dorothy Medlin’s work and correspondence and also includes reference materials, notes, microfilm, photographic negatives related both to her professional and personal life. Additions include a FLES Handbook, co-authored by Dorothy Medlin and a decorative mirror belonging to Dorothy Medlin.

Major series in this collection include: some original 18th century writings and ephemera and primary source material of André Morellet, extensive collection of secondary material on André Morellet's writings and translations, Winthrop related files, literary manuscripts and notes by Dorothy Medlin (1966-2011), copies …

Maduro Bonds, G. Mitu Gulati, Ugo Panizza

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Extremal Quantile Treatment Effects, Yichong Zhang

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper establishes an asymptotic theory and inference method for quantile treatment effect estimators when the quantile index is close to or equal to zero. Such quantile treatment effects are of interest in many applications, such as the effect of maternal smoking on an infant’s adverse birth outcomes. When the quantile index is close to zero, the sparsity of data jeopardizes conventional asymptotic theory and bootstrap inference. When the quantile index is zero, there are no existing inference methods directly applicable in the treatment effect context. This paper addresses both of these issues by proposing new inference methods that are …

Informing Medicare's Two-Midnight Rule Policy With An Analysis Of Hospital-Based Long Observation Stays, Brad Wright, Xuan Zhang, Momotazur Rahman, Keith Kocher

Research Collection School Of Economics

Outpatient observation stays are increasingly substituting for standard inpatient hospitalizations. In 2013, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services adopted the controversial Two-Midnight Rule policy to curb long observation stays and better define the use of hospital-based observation services versus inpatient hospitalizations. We seek to determine the extent to which Medicare beneficiaries exposed to long observation stays (>48 hours) are clinically similar to those with short observation stays (≤48 hours) because this has relevance to the Two-Midnight Rule.\nUsing 100% Medicare claims data from 2008 to 2010, we identified all patients with long observation stays (>48 hours) who were …

Pythagorean Generalization Of Testing The Equality Of Two Symmetric Positive Definite Matrices, Jin Seo Cho, Peter C. B. Phillips

Research Collection School Of Economics

We provide a new test for equality of two symmetric positive-definite matrices that leads to a convenient mechanism for testing specification using the information matrix equality or the sandwich asymptotic covariance matrix of the GMM estimator. The test relies on a new characterization of equality between two k dimensional symmetric positive-definite matrices A and B: the traces of AB−1 and BA−1 are equal to k if and only if A=B. Using this simple criterion, we introduce a class of omnibus test statistics for equality and examine their null and local alternative approximations under some mild regularity conditions. A preferred test …

The Impact Of The Cost Of Car Ownership On House Price Gradient In Singapore, Naqun Huang, Jing Li, Amanda Ross

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper examines the extent to which a change in the cost of car ownership affects the house price gradient with respect to distance from the central business district (CBD). Theory suggests that if the cost of car ownership increases, then people will shift towards other modes of transportation, thus reducing house prices farther away from the CBD. However, the cost of car ownership is likely to be endogenous and correlated with various unobserved factors that also contribute to a change in the house price gradient. To obtain causal effects, we exploit a unique feature of Singapore’s car registration process. …

Universalism And The Value Of Political Power, Yumi Koh

Research Collection School Of Economics

While legislatures typically use majority rule to allocate a budget in distributive legislation, near-unanimous consent over the broad allocation of benefits is pervasive. I develop a game-theoretic model where players strategically interact in a universal coalition to determine allocations, with non-cooperative bargaining as a threat point for the breakdown of cooperation. To quantify the effects of political power and actual needs on the agreed-upon allocation, I structurally estimate the model using the "Bridge Bill Capital Budget" in 1992. I find that 9.58% of the budget would be allocated differently if allocations were determined only based on actual needs.

Contributors Of Singaporean Youths' Wellbeing: Life Goals, Family-Community-Nation Capitals, Opportunity And Social Mobility, Kong Weng Ho

Research Collection School Of Economics

Life goals induce one’s current investment and set one’s expectations of future outcomes, affecting one’s current state of subjective wellbeing. Using National Youth Survey (NYS) 2016, which has a representative sample of Singaporean youths, we find that non-zero-sum life goals such as family-oriented life goals and altruism-oriented life goals enhance happiness and life satisfaction of Singaporean youths while career-oriented life goals, zero-sum in nature, reduce subjective wellbeing. Apart from personal motivations or life aspirations, perceived social mobility (in terms of career opportunity and meritocracy) matters positively in the subjective wellbeing of both youths in school and in the workforce. Family …

Coastal Empire Economic Monitor, 2nd Quarter, 2018, Georgia Southern University Center For Business Analytics And Economic Research

Coastal Empire Economic Monitor

The Economic Monitor provides a continuously updating quarterly snapshot of the Savannah Metropolitan Statistical Area economy, including Bryan, Chatham and Effingham counties in Georgia. The coincident index measures the current economic heartbeat of the region. The leading index is designed to provide a short-term forecast of the region’s economic activity in the upcoming six to nine months.

We’Re Less Likely To Collaborate In Bad Economic Times, Nina Sirola

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In the fall of 1930, the U.S. economy was on a path to recovery following a contraction that occurred the year before. However, worries about the state of the economy, and the banking system in particular, prompted an increasing number of bank customers to attempt to withdraw their funds, an event known as a bank run. Because banks normally keep only a small proportion of deposits in cash, bank runs create a self-fulfilling prophecy such that initial concerns about banks’ possible insolvency ultimately cause insolvency. The bank run of 1930 resulted in the worst economic downturn in the modern history, …

Sequential Auctions With Decreasing Reserve Prices., Massimiliano Landi, Domenico Menicucci

Research Collection School Of Economics

We study sequential sealed bid auctions with decreasing reserve prices when there are two identical objects for sale and unit-demand bidders (existing literature has dealt with the case of weakly increasing reserve prices). Under decreasing reserve prices bidders may have an incentive not to bid in the first auction, and no equilibrium exists with a strictly increasing stage one bidding function. However, we find that an equilibrium always exists, and its shape depends on the distance between the two reserve prices. The equilibrium exhibits some pooling at the stage one auction, which disappears in the limit as the number of …

Evidence Of Racial And Geographic Disparities In The Use Of Medicare Observation Stays And Subsequent Patient Outcomes Relative To Short-Stay Hospitalizations, Brad Wright, Xuan Zhang, Momotazur Rahman, Mahshid Abir, Padmaja Ayyagari, Keith E. Kocher

Research Collection School Of Economics

To examine racial and geographic disparities in the use of-and outcomes associated with-Medicare observation stays versus short-stay hospitalizations.\nWe used 2007-2010 fee-for-service Medicare claims, including 3,555,994 observation and short-stay hospitalizations for individuals over age 65. We estimated linear probability models with hospital fixed effects to identify within-facility disparities in observation stay use, and estimated in-hospital mortality, and 30- and 90-day post-discharge mortality, return ED visits, and hospital readmissions as a function of placement in observation using linear probability models, propensity-score matching, and interaction terms.\nWe identified racial and geographic disparities in the likelihood of observation stay use within hospitals (blacks 3.9 percentage …

Exploring Critical Success Factors Of Community Development Projects, Kevin Wanjama Muchiri

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The utilization of Community Development Projects in developing nations continues to increase in significance. In the wake of the latest Sustainable Development Goals, developing nations are working towards eliminating poverty, promoting sustainable cities and communities, gender equality, and health and well-being. Although Community Development Projects have become prevalent, the challenge has been that some are successful, while others fail. This dissertation investigates what makes Community Development Projects successful.

This dissertation implemented a comprehensive quantitative analysis using data collected from over one hundred community development projects obtained from The World Bank database. These projects took place in developing nations around the …

Compliance With Imf Austerity: Labor Rights, Protest, And Repression, Brendan Skip Mark

Graduate Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation explores the domestic consequences of International Monetary Fund (IMF) program lending. It argues that when governments implement austerity reforms attached to IMF loans it increases human rights violations and violence in borrower governments. A new measure of IMF compliance is developed and used to explore the consequences of IMF lending in the 21st century. Past research exploring IMF lending consequences has assumed compliance away. While IMF program lending is largely seen as a failure there is significant debate about the causes of failure. Human rights scholars have argued that austerity policies impose significant hardships on citizens in borrower …

The Role Of Indicators In Promoting Gender Equality Through The Millennium And Sustainable Development Goals, Sara Rose Taylor

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

With the global rise of evidence-based policy, indicators have become an increasingly important part of governance. Indicators are statistics that represent social experiences, turning complex norms into simplified representations. Although seemingly objective, indicators reflect the values and beliefs of the actors who create them. An indicator’s normative underpinnings have significant consequences for social governance and policy because of an indicator’s power to shape understanding. This multi-manuscript dissertation analyzes the impact of governance by indicators as seen in the Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals (MDGs and SDGs), two major United Nations initiatives in the field of global social governance. The focus …

The Role Of Automatic Mood On Risk Appetite, Makail Johannesson

Honors Theses

Numerous studies over the past few decades have indicated links between subtle psychological influences and decision-making. It is often thought that individuals make conscious choices based on their preferences regardless of whether those preferences are optimal or not. However, it has been shown that most of our behaviors, judgements, and decisions are often a product of unconscious influences. These influences are significant in both simple and complex life situations, including the realm of financial decision making. In this experiment, participants primed with positive evaluative stimuli reported a more positive mood while those primed with negative evaluative stimuli reported a more …

The Dodd-Frank Act And Its Impact On Community Bank Mortgage Lending, Margaret Schorgl

Honors Theses

I investigate the impacts of additional regulatory burdens on community bank mortgage lending due to the Dodd-Frank Act. The Dodd-Frank Act, which was signed into federal law by President Barack Obama on July 21, 2010, was intended to protect consumers, promote financial stability, and reduce the risk associated with larger banks being too-big-to-fail. However, one criticism of the Act is that the increased regulations and compliance costs under the Act have made it increasingly difficult for smaller banks to survive. As a result, an unintended consequence of the Dodd-Frank Act is that smaller banks may issue fewer loans than they …

Crime And The Business Cycle In Mississippi, Taylor Thrasher

Honors Theses

This thesis examines the relationship between crime and the business cycle in Mississippi. Working with a theoretical model of the individual's decision to commit a crime, I show that an increase in legal income decreases an individual's propensity to commit crime. I then use regressions to estimate the long-run and short-run income elasticities of violent crime, burglary, larceny, and vehicle theft. The long-run empirical model shows how income growth effects crime growth, and the short-run empirical model shows how income variability effects crime variability. In the long run, I find that as income increases (decreases), both burglary and larceny decrease …

The Future Was A Riot: Causes Of Youth Unemployment In Spain And Challenges To Immigration And The Welfare State In The Era Of The Common Market (1999-2016), Andrew Hayes

Honors Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to exam the causes behind unusually high youth unemployment in Spain, even after the 2007-8 financial crisis has subsided. The primary means of investigating these causes is through constructing a set of empirical models and then using these models to perform several time-series regressions to find whether changes in educational patterns, demographics, and immigration have had any concrete effect on the youth unemployment rate and social capital. Some qualitative work is done; particularly in describing the legal structure surrounding unemployment and in the description of the Spanish welfare state. In my research, I find …