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2012

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Articles 781 - 810 of 1363

Full-Text Articles in Economics

Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditure Profiles: Quarter 4, 2010, Kara Grau Apr 2012

Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditure Profiles: Quarter 4, 2010, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report examines spending profiles of nonresident travelers to Montana. It displays the average daily expenditures by purpose of trip for different spending categories during the fourth quarter of 2010.


Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditure Profiles: Quarter 1, 2010, Kara Grau Apr 2012

Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditure Profiles: Quarter 1, 2010, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report examines spending profiles of nonresident travelers to Montana. It displays the average daily expenditures by purpose of trip for different spending categories during the first quarter of 2010.


Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditure Trends: 2001-2011, Kara Grau Apr 2012

Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditure Trends: 2001-2011, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report shows the nonresident traveler expenditure trends for visitors of Montana from 2001-2011. It also displays the total actual expenditures and the total inflation-adjusted expenditures.


Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditure Profiles: 2011, Kara Grau Apr 2012

Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditure Profiles: 2011, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report examines spending profiles of nonresident travelers to Montana. It displays the average daily expenditures by purpose of trip for different spending categories during 2011.


Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditures And Economic Contribution: 2011, Kara Grau Apr 2012

Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditures And Economic Contribution: 2011, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report shows the economic contributions, expenditures, and average daily spending of nonresident visitors to Montana during 2011.


Labor Force Participation In Mississippi And Other Southern States, Marta Lachowska, Stephen A. Woodbury Apr 2012

Labor Force Participation In Mississippi And Other Southern States, Marta Lachowska, Stephen A. Woodbury

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Conflict With Quitting Rights: A Mechanism Design Approach, Madhav S. Aney Apr 2012

Conflict With Quitting Rights: A Mechanism Design Approach, Madhav S. Aney

Research Collection School Of Economics

Why do agents engage in costly dispute resolution such as litigation and arbitration when costless settlement is available? I present a model with one sided asymmetric information where the payoff from litigation for both agents depends on the beliefs of the uninformed agent. Taking these payoffs as their outside options, agents negotiate over the allocation of an indivisible object that is in dispute and transfers. It is shown that it is impossible to implement an allocation that satisfies budget balance that guarantees the agents their payoff from conflict when agents can quit negotiations unilaterally at any stage.


Why Did Universities Precede Primary Schools? A Political Economy Model Of Educational Change, Fali Huang Apr 2012

Why Did Universities Precede Primary Schools? A Political Economy Model Of Educational Change, Fali Huang

Research Collection School Of Economics

Universities were first established in Europe around the twelfth century, although primary schools did not appear until the nineteenth. This paper accounts for this phenomenon using a political economy model of educational change on who are educated (the elite or the masses) and what is taught (general or specific/vocational education). A key assumption is that general education is more effective than specific education in enhancing one's skills in a broad range of tasks, including political rent-seeking. Its findings suggest that specific education for the masses is compatible with the elite rule, whereas mass general education is not, which refines the …


Semiparametric Gmm Estimation Of Spatial Autoregressive Models, Liangjun Su Apr 2012

Semiparametric Gmm Estimation Of Spatial Autoregressive Models, Liangjun Su

Research Collection School Of Economics

We propose semiparametric GMM estimation of semiparametric spatial autoregressive (SAR) models under weak moment conditions. In comparison with the quasi-maximum-likelihood-based semiparametric estimator of Su and Jin (2010), we allow for both heteroscedasticity and spatial dependence in the error terms. We derive the limiting distributions of our estimators for both the parametric and nonparametric components in the model and demonstrate the estimator of the parametric component has the usual -asymptotics. When the error term also follows an SAR process, we propose an estimator for the parameter in the SAR error process and derive the joint asymptotic distribution for both spatial parameters. …


Finding Dynamic Treatment Effects Under Anticipation: Spanking Effects On Behavior, Myoung-Jae Lee, Fali Huang Apr 2012

Finding Dynamic Treatment Effects Under Anticipation: Spanking Effects On Behavior, Myoung-Jae Lee, Fali Huang

Research Collection School Of Economics

The dynamic treatment effect literature considers multiple treatments administered over time, with some treatments affected by interim outcomes. But the literature overlooks the possibility of individuals acting in anticipation of future treatments. This lack of anticipation aspect may not matter in the drug–response relationships which motivated the literature. But human beings (or animals with some intelligence) do not just respond to current and past treatments, but also ‘reflect and anticipate’ future treatments. For example, a punishment or reward is likely to prompt forward looking. Even if no personal punishment or reward is involved, people may take action in anticipation of …


A Semiparametric Stochastic Volatility Model, Jun Yu Apr 2012

A Semiparametric Stochastic Volatility Model, Jun Yu

Research Collection School Of Economics

In this paper the correlation structure in the classical leverage stochastic volatility (SV) model is generalized based on a linear spline. In the new model the correlation between the return and volatility innovations is time varying and depends nonparametrically on the type of news arrived to the market. Theoretical properties of the proposed model are examined. The model estimation and comparison are conducted by Bayesian methods. The performance of the estimates are examined in simulations. The new model is fitted to daily and weekly US data and compared with the classical SV and GARCH models in terms of their in-sample …


Recession Proof Pills: An Examination Of The Relationship Between Recession Economics And Pharmaceutical Expenditures, Kevin Gray Mar 2012

Recession Proof Pills: An Examination Of The Relationship Between Recession Economics And Pharmaceutical Expenditures, Kevin Gray

Annual Undergraduate Conference on Health and Society

The first decade of the 21st century proved to be a time of turbulence and volatility in the worldwide economy. Oddly enough, even as Americans’ disposable income decreased, spending on health care steadily increased. Americans spent $249.9 billion on prescription drugs in 2009, contrasted against $120.9 billion in 2000—a 105% increase.1 We may question the overall ramifications of such increases in pharmaceutical sales and the correlation to other economic factors. That is, how was the pharmaceutical sector able to boast gains when the housing market collapsed? One answer is that people place a priority on their health, even with limited …


How Professional Service Firms Internationalise: Resource Commitments And Competencies For Internationalisation, Deirdre Mcquillan, Pamela Sharkey Scott, Vincent Mangematin Mar 2012

How Professional Service Firms Internationalise: Resource Commitments And Competencies For Internationalisation, Deirdre Mcquillan, Pamela Sharkey Scott, Vincent Mangematin

Conference papers

Departing from traditional economic and behavioural approaches, this study adopts a resource based lens to examine an area exhibiting exceptional growth, the internationalisation of professional service firms (PSFs). An in-depth qualitative study of the internationalisation process of five architectural firms expanding to multiple international markets was conducted. The paper’s main contribution is the identification of the interplay between PSF competencies and the firm’s approach to internationalisation. We reveal how these PSFs can be classified along a continuum ranging from artistic to engineering orientation depending on the firm’s relative emphasis on technical or management competencies when internationalising. Implications for PSFs when …


Negotiating Within A Shared Governance Format, Suzanne C. Wagner, C. Henrik Borgstrom Mar 2012

Negotiating Within A Shared Governance Format, Suzanne C. Wagner, C. Henrik Borgstrom

Journal of Collective Bargaining in the Academy

The act of unionization creates a sense of unity among faculty, however, it also creates an adversarial relationship with administration. Although both the administration and the faculty believe they have the university’s best interests in mind, contract negotiations are typically contentious and divisive. A unique process for negotiations is presented illustrating how working within a shared governance format can enable faculty and administration to work together in preparation, research and analysis, problem solving and mutual gains bargaining that results in success for both parties and, ultimately, the university.


Examining The Decline In Bargaining Power In Faculty Labor Unions In The United States: The Effects Of Reduced Monopoly Power In Providing Public Higher Education, Lynn A. Smith, Robert S. Balough Mar 2012

Examining The Decline In Bargaining Power In Faculty Labor Unions In The United States: The Effects Of Reduced Monopoly Power In Providing Public Higher Education, Lynn A. Smith, Robert S. Balough

Journal of Collective Bargaining in the Academy

This study examines the decline in the economic power of faculty labor unions in public higher education in the United States in recent years. The authors assume the labor union is a utility maximizing entity and that income accrues to the “union family.” The union family attempts to maximize this income. By analyzing collective bargaining agreements and hiring practices between the Association of Pennsylvania State College and University Faculties and the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education, the authors construct bargaining indices. Because this study is focused on the change in bargaining power of labor unions in public higher education …


Collective Bargaining In United Kingdom Higher Education, Helen Fairfoul, Laurence Hopkins, Geoff White Mar 2012

Collective Bargaining In United Kingdom Higher Education, Helen Fairfoul, Laurence Hopkins, Geoff White

Journal of Collective Bargaining in the Academy

This article provides an overview of the collective bargaining system in United Kingdom (UK) higher education and considers some of the current challenges. The arrangements for determining the pay of staff in UK higher education reflect both the historical context of the UK funding system and the unique nature of UK industrial relations law. From World War II, the funding of UK higher education has predominantly come from central government spending with a strong central framework of policy and governance. Since the 1960s, the higher education sector has grown dramatically, both in terms of student numbers and the number of …


Why We Don't Need To Worry About Inflation, Louis D. Johnston Mar 2012

Why We Don't Need To Worry About Inflation, Louis D. Johnston

Economics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Labor Force Participation In Mississippi And Other Southern States: Final Report, Marta Lachowska, Stephen A. Woodbury Mar 2012

Labor Force Participation In Mississippi And Other Southern States: Final Report, Marta Lachowska, Stephen A. Woodbury

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

Labor force participation is a key social indicator because the economic performance of a state and the well-being of its residents are closely tied to labor force outcomes. Together, the labor force participation rate (LFPR) and the unemployment rate are of paramount concern to state governments because living standards and consumption are so closely tied to work and earnings from employment. Mississippi has historically had one of the lowest LFPRs in the United States.
The purpose of this report is threefold:
• to describe the LFPR gap between Mississippi and other Southern states during the last 35 years
• to …


Labor Force Participation In Mississippi And Other Southern States: Summary Report, Marta Lachowska, Stephen A. Woodbury Mar 2012

Labor Force Participation In Mississippi And Other Southern States: Summary Report, Marta Lachowska, Stephen A. Woodbury

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

Labor force participation is a key social indicator because the economic performance of a state and the well-being of its residents are closely tied to labor force outcomes. Together, the labor force participation rate (LFPR) and the unemployment rate are of paramount concern to state governments because work and earnings from employment are central determinants of living standards.


Business, Society, Science, And Technology, Ishrat Husain Dr. Mar 2012

Business, Society, Science, And Technology, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Talks, Speeches, & Discourse

I would first like to sketch before you the major global trends which would be affecting Pakistan in the future. This will provide the context in which the businesses have to make decisions. There are at least five broad trends which are highly relevant. First, the economic power balance is shifting from the U.S., Europe and Japan to Asian countries. The crises of 2007-08 did not fully debunk the myth of decoupling between the advanced and emerging economies as the spillover and contagion effects were quite destabilizing. The speed, intensity and spread of financial and then real economy crisis were …


Choice, Management, & Modification: Situational Context In Risky Choice, Nathaniel K. Decker Mar 2012

Choice, Management, & Modification: Situational Context In Risky Choice, Nathaniel K. Decker

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

We sought to examine the potential differences between different types of risky decisions. While some decisions are easily represented as choices between future alternatives, other decisions may be better represented as the management of a personally owned situation. Schneider (2003) created the risk management task, which manifested these situated improvement decisions, and identified a unique pattern of risk preferences when compared to the standard gambling paradigm. To determine what cognitive processes might be differentially activated for each type of decisions so as to yield these risk preference differences, we incrementally manipulated the gambling paradigm to parse potentially influential elements of …


The U.S. Tax System: Where Do We Go From Here?, Adele C. Morris Mar 2012

The U.S. Tax System: Where Do We Go From Here?, Adele C. Morris

Brookings Scholar Lecture Series

This talk will explore how the U.S. tax system really works, where revenue comes from, where spending goes, what a tax expenditure is, and discuss deficit prognoses and how the recent political debates could affect our economy. The speaker will highlight some advantages and disadvantages of different budget balancing options.


2011 Corn Pest Risk Survey Results, Scott Fausti, Jonathan Lundgren, Emmanuel Opoku Mar 2012

2011 Corn Pest Risk Survey Results, Scott Fausti, Jonathan Lundgren, Emmanuel Opoku

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.


The National Hockey League: An Econometric Analysis Of Attendance, Kendrick A. Hotte Mar 2012

The National Hockey League: An Econometric Analysis Of Attendance, Kendrick A. Hotte

Honors Theses

The National Hockey League (NHL) and professional sports as a whole are interesting to study when econometric models are applied. First, a thorough examination of current literature concerning both professional sports and econometrics will be reviewed. In addition, a full description of the data and its accompanying sources are discussed. Then, through the use of an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and hypothesis testing, the role of attendance throughout the NHL as a function of win percentage is empirically tested. Using a demand equation for the attendance of hockey games over the past 15 years, this paper will focus on …


Flawed Privatisation Approach, Ishrat Husain Dr. Mar 2012

Flawed Privatisation Approach, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Newspaper and Magazine Articles

There has been a hiatus in the privatisation of state-owned enterprises for the last five years. Recently, the Privatisation Commission has announced a capital market transaction roadmap. Under this programme, sales of public shares will take place through initial public offerings (IPOs), secondary public offerings (SPO), global depositary receipts (GDR) and follow on public offering (FoPo). The main objective is to raise funds for meeting fiscal deficit and mobilise foreign exchange to fill in the widening gap in the balance of payments. Will these transactions achieve the stated objective? The companies for which local markets will be accessed are PPL, …


Demand For Money And Exchange Rate: Evidence For Wealth Effect In India, Sahadudheen I Mar 2012

Demand For Money And Exchange Rate: Evidence For Wealth Effect In India, Sahadudheen I

Undergraduate Economic Review

External factors such as variations in exchange rates should, to some extent, affect the composition of optimal money holdings. It was Robert Mundell who proposed the idea that demand for money could depend on the exchange rate in addition to the income and interest rate. Changes in exchange rate may have two effects on the demand for domestic currency, wealth effect and currency substitution effect. The main objective of the paper is to examine the effects of exchange rate on domestic demand for money in India covering the period of 1998Q1 to 2009Q4. The statistical and time series properties of …


Judicial Reforms And Economic Growth, Ishrat Husain Dr. Mar 2012

Judicial Reforms And Economic Growth, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Newspaper and Magazine Articles

Growth rates in Pakistan since 2008 have declined to almost half of the level achieved in the preceding four years. The investment ratio in 2010-11 has been the lowest in the history of Pakistan. Most of the discussion on the stagnation and decline of the economy has rightly focused on fiscal deficits, energy shortages, inflation, and high interest rates. But the relationship between the rule of law and investment and business development is not much talked about in popular discourse. In the absence of a conducive legal environment, uncertainties created by other factors such as political instability, security, law and …


Economic Impact Of Pace University New York City, Rebecca Tekula Phd, Anna-Kay Sinclair Mpa Mar 2012

Economic Impact Of Pace University New York City, Rebecca Tekula Phd, Anna-Kay Sinclair Mpa

Wilson Center for Social Entrepreneurship

No abstract provided.


Shanghai As An International Financial Center - Aspiration, Reality And Implication, Raph Luo Mar 2012

Shanghai As An International Financial Center - Aspiration, Reality And Implication, Raph Luo

Undergraduate Economic Review

China’s rapid economic development, especially in the financial sector, has ignited the discussion of the re-emergence of Shanghai as a leading international financial center (IFC). Much still remains to be done for Shanghai to catch up with established centers such as New York and London, including deepening its capital markets and opening itself up to cross-border capital flows. While Shanghai’s current financial development has been made possible largely by China’s past economic conditions and policies, recent reforms are also likely to guarantee Shanghai the position as a world-class onshore IFC in the near future. The rise of Shanghai will likely …


Infidelity, Jealousy, And Wife Abuse Among Tsimane Forager-Farmers: Testing Evolutionary Hypotheses Of Marital Conflict, Jonathan Stieglitz, Michael Gurven, Hillard Kaplan, Jeffrey Winking Mar 2012

Infidelity, Jealousy, And Wife Abuse Among Tsimane Forager-Farmers: Testing Evolutionary Hypotheses Of Marital Conflict, Jonathan Stieglitz, Michael Gurven, Hillard Kaplan, Jeffrey Winking

ESI Publications

What causes marital conflict, and which marital conflicts are more likely to result in men’s violence against their wives? It has long been argued that men’s jealousy over women’s infidelity is the strongest impetus to men’s lethal and non-lethal violence against female partners. Less is known about the extent to which women’s jealousy over men’s infidelity precipitates men’s violence against female partners. Husbands are more likely than wives to commit infidelity, and men and women report a similar frequency and intensity of jealous emotions during recalls of potential infidelity. If men are likely to use time and resources for pursuit …