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2007

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Articles 511 - 540 of 849

Full-Text Articles in Economics

Time For Change In U.S. Farm Policy: Fundamental Reform Emphasizing Institution's Based On Agriculture's Multifunctionality'?, Thomas L. Dobbs Mar 2007

Time For Change In U.S. Farm Policy: Fundamental Reform Emphasizing Institution's Based On Agriculture's Multifunctionality'?, Thomas L. Dobbs

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

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Why Not A Dollar?, Evelyn Murphy Mar 2007

Why Not A Dollar?, Evelyn Murphy

New England Journal of Public Policy

Statisticians point out that women do not yet have quite as many years’ experience in the workforce as men have. It’s true that for the generation that began working in the 1960s, fewer women than men have a steady forty or fifty years of on-the-job experience. So maybe there should be a gap of a few pennies (at most!) to reflect that slight disadvantage. But not 23 cents’ worth! Social scientists hedge their conclusions about what causes that broad gap with disclaimers. They acknowledge that biases exist in their measurements. They admit that they cannot say for sure that differences …

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Rethinking Retirement Policy In Massachusetts, Ellen A. Bruce Mar 2007

Rethinking Retirement Policy In Massachusetts, Ellen A. Bruce

New England Journal of Public Policy

Women are significantly poorer than men in old age. One major cause of women’s disproportional poverty is retirement income policy that bases pensions and savings incentives on earned income. This paper describes the structure of our retirement policies and argues that some policies should be implemented that are not associated with earned income as a way to both support women’s caregiving roles and insure their economic well-being in old age.

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Forecasting Demand For Civilian Pilots: A Cost Savings Approach To Managing Air Force Pilot Resources, Justin W. Collup Mar 2007

Forecasting Demand For Civilian Pilots: A Cost Savings Approach To Managing Air Force Pilot Resources, Justin W. Collup

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to create a model that could potentially predict demand for military trained pilots in the airline industry. Specifically, this thesis sought to answer the research question addressing whether or not military trained pilots are currently more in demand or less in demand. The research questions were answered through a comprehensive literature review, collection of data relevant to airline industry growth, and regression analysis. The Aviation Continuation Pay Bonus, offered to all eligible Air Force aviators, has risen from $12,000/year to its current value of $25,000/year. With shrinking budgets, and ever increasing costs of war, …

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Economic Impact Of Grand Valley State University: Final Report, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts Mar 2007

Economic Impact Of Grand Valley State University: Final Report, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts

Reports

No abstract provided.

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Market Gap Analysis For The Greater Grand Rapids Area, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts Mar 2007

Market Gap Analysis For The Greater Grand Rapids Area, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts

Reports

No abstract provided.

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New Mexico Labor Market Review 03-12-2007, New Mexico Department Of Labor Mar 2007

New Mexico Labor Market Review 03-12-2007, New Mexico Department Of Labor

Historic Publications

The New Mexico Labor Market Review is a monthly publication presenting statistical data and analysis on labor market conditions throughout New Mexico. Issues examine statewide and regional trends in employment, unemployment, labor force estimates, industry activity, wages, occupational demand, and related economic conditions, often accompanied by feature articles on topics affecting the state’s economy. This issue covers January 2007.

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Cost Growth In Weapons Systems: Re-Examining Rubber Baselines And Ecomonic Factors, Philip E. Ruter Ii Mar 2007

Cost Growth In Weapons Systems: Re-Examining Rubber Baselines And Ecomonic Factors, Philip E. Ruter Ii

Theses and Dissertations

This paper will evaluate cost overruns from a microeconomic perspective to determine their root causes. The specific variables that will be evaluated are: contract budget fluctuations, contract length, inflation, procurement budget fluctuation, research and development budget fluctuation, the technology readiness of the commodity, and industry concentration. These variables will be evaluated twice. The first evaluation will consist of a binary choice model to determine whether or not the dependent variables influence the likelihood of a cost overrun. The specific form of the evaluation will take the form of a probit regression in which an independent variable value of zero indicates …

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Broad-Based Strategy For Overseas Pakistanis In The Development Of Pakistan, Ishrat Husain Dr. Mar 2007

Broad-Based Strategy For Overseas Pakistanis In The Development Of Pakistan, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Talks, Speeches, & Discourse

This Conference is targeted mainly at exploring how the overseas Pakistanis can participate in the growing investment opportunities being offered by Pakistan. My paper this evening is aimed at a broad-based strategy in which Overseas Pakistanis can play an important role – investment being one of the many components of this strategy. Pakistan has been able to turn around its economy during the last six years from a situation of imminent default in the late 1990s to the current status of a dynamic, vibrant emerging economy - one of the fastest growing in Asia. Pakistan has successfully re-established its access …

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Technium Pan-Wales: Impact Assessment, Gareth Davies, James Abbey Mar 2007

Technium Pan-Wales: Impact Assessment, Gareth Davies, James Abbey

IPED Technical Reports

The purpose of this document is to present the findings of an investigation into the impacts and returns provided to Wales by the investment made in the Technium Centres established across the country.

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Rhode Island Current Conditions Index — March 2007, Leonard Lardaro Mar 2007

Rhode Island Current Conditions Index — March 2007, Leonard Lardaro

The Rhode Island Current Conditions Index

No abstract provided.

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Forensic Accounting: Hidden Balance Of Payments Of The Philippines, Edsel L. Beja Jr Mar 2007

Forensic Accounting: Hidden Balance Of Payments Of The Philippines, Edsel L. Beja Jr

Economics Department Faculty Publications

An examination of the available data between 1990 and 2005 reveals that the balance of payments of the Philippines does not record large amounts of international transactions. Unrecorded international transactions for this period amount to US $192 billion (in 1995 U.S. dollars). The results suggest a serious problem in the government’s macroeconomic management of the Philippines, and expose a weak or weakening capacity in the governance of international transactions.Edsel Beja, Jr. is a PERI Research Scholar. He is Deputy Director of the Ateneo Center for Economics Research and Development, and Assistant Professor at Ateneo de Manila University in the Philippines.

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Asymptotics For Stationary Very Nearly Unit Root Processes, Donald W.K. Andrews, Patrik Guggenberger Mar 2007

Asymptotics For Stationary Very Nearly Unit Root Processes, Donald W.K. Andrews, Patrik Guggenberger

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper considers a mean zero stationary first-order autoregressive (AR) model. It is shown that the least squares estimator and t statistic have Cauchy and standard normal asymptotic distributions, respectively, when the AR parameter ρ n is very near to one in the sense that 1 – ρ n = ( n –1 ).

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The Limit Of Finite-Sample Size And A Problem With Subsampling, Donald W.K. Andrews, Patrik Guggenberger Mar 2007

The Limit Of Finite-Sample Size And A Problem With Subsampling, Donald W.K. Andrews, Patrik Guggenberger

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper considers inference based on a test statistic that has a limit distribution that is discontinuous in a nuisance parameter or the parameter of interest. The paper shows that subsample, b n < n bootstrap, and standard fixed critical value tests based on such a test statistic often have asymptotic size — defined as the limit of the finite-sample size — that is greater than the nominal level of the tests. We determine precisely the asymptotic size of such tests under a general set of high-level conditions that are relatively easy to verify. The high-level conditions are verified in several examples. Analogous results are established for confidence intervals. The results apply to tests and confidence intervals (i) when a parameter may be near a boundary, (ii) for parameters defined by moment inequalities, (iii) based on super-efficient or shrinkage estimators, (iv) based on post-model selection estimators, (v) in scalar and vector autoregressive models with roots that may be close to unity, (vi) in models with lack of identification at some point(s) in the parameter space, such as models with weak instruments and threshold autoregressive models, (vii) in predictive regression models with nearly-integrated regressors, (viii) for non-differentiable functions of parameters, and (ix) for differentiable functions of parameters that have zero first-order derivative. Examples (i)-(iii) are treated in this paper. Examples (i) and (iv)-(vi) are treated in sequels to this paper, Andrews and Guggenberger (2005a, b). In models with unidentified parameters that are bounded by moment inequalities, i.e., example (ii), certain subsample confidence regions are shown to have asymptotic size equal to their nominal level. In all other examples listed above, some types of subsample procedures do not have asymptotic size equal to their nominal level.

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Hybrid And Size-Corrected Subsample Methods, Donald W.K. Andrews, Patrik Guggenberger Mar 2007

Hybrid And Size-Corrected Subsample Methods, Donald W.K. Andrews, Patrik Guggenberger

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper considers the problem of constructing tests and confidence intervals (CIs) that have correct asymptotic size in a broad class of non-regular models. The models considered are non-regular in the sense that standard test statistics have asymptotic distributions that are discontinuous in some parameters. It is shown in Andrews and Guggenberger (2005a) that standard fixed critical value, subsample, and b < n bootstrap methods often have incorrect size in such models. This paper introduces general methods of constructing tests and CIs that have correct size. First, procedures are introduced that are a hybrid of subsample and fixed critical value methods. The resulting hybrid procedures are easy to compute and have correct size asymptotically in many, but not all, cases of interest. Second, the paper introduces size-correction and “plug-in” size-correction methods for fixed critical value, subsample, and hybrid tests. The paper also introduces finite-sample adjustments to the asymptotic results of Andrews and Guggenberger (2005a) for subsample and hybrid methods and employs these adjustments in size-correction. The paper discusses several examples in detail. The examples are: (i) tests when a nuisance parameter may be near a boundary, (ii) CIs in an autoregressive model with a root that may be close to unity, and (iii) tests and CIs based on a post-conservative model selection estimator.

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Computation Of Nigeria's Real Effective Exchange Rate Indices, Moses K. Tule, Omolara O. Duke Mar 2007

Computation Of Nigeria's Real Effective Exchange Rate Indices, Moses K. Tule, Omolara O. Duke

Economic and Financial Review

The exchange rate is a useful macroeconomic indicator which aid policy makers to take informed actions to stimulate or sustain the economy on a long run growth path. Thus, several exchange rate indices (bilateral nominal/real exchange rate, nominal effective exchange rate, real effective exchange rate, purchasing power parity, etc) are computed for different policy information. This paper computed Nigeria's real and nominal effective exchange rate (REER and NEER) indices using a pool of high frequency monthly data for the period 1996-2007. The paper observed that the REER index appreciated most of the period due to inflationary pressures in Nigeria, implying …

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Education Finance In California Part 2: The Parcel Tax, John Yinger Mar 2007

Education Finance In California Part 2: The Parcel Tax, John Yinger

Center for Policy Research

It’s Elementary is a series of essays on topics in education and education policy. The main focus is on education finance in New York State, but general research findings in education and education policy issues in several other states are also discussed. John Yinger, Professor of Economics and Public Administration at the Maxwell School, Syracuse University is the author of most of these essays, although a few are written by or co-authored with other scholars.

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The Limit Of Finite-Sample Size And A Problem With Subsampling, Donald W.K. Andrews, Patrik Guggenberger Mar 2007

The Limit Of Finite-Sample Size And A Problem With Subsampling, Donald W.K. Andrews, Patrik Guggenberger

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper considers inference based on a test statistic that has a limit distribution that is discontinuous in a nuisance parameter or the parameter of interest. The paper shows that subsample, b n < n bootstrap, and standard fixed critical value tests based on such a test statistic often have asymptotic size — defined as the limit of the finite-sample size — that is greater than the nominal level of the tests. We determine precisely the asymptotic size of such tests under a general set of high-level conditions that are relatively easy to verify. The high-level conditions are verified in several examples. Analogous results are established for confidence intervals. The results apply to tests and confidence intervals (i) when a parameter may be near a boundary, (ii) for parameters defined by moment inequalities, (iii) based on super-efficient or shrinkage estimators, (iv) based on post-model selection estimators, (v) in scalar and vector autoregressive models with roots that may be close to unity, (vi) in models with lack of identification at some point(s) in the parameter space, such as models with weak instruments and threshold autoregressive models, (vii) in predictive regression models with nearly-integrated regressors, (viii) for non-differentiable functions of parameters, and (ix) for differentiable functions of parameters that have zero first-order derivative. Examples (i)-(iii) are treated in this paper. Examples (i) and (iv)-(vi) are treated in sequels to this paper, Andrews and Guggenberger (2005a, b). In models with unidentified parameters that are bounded by moment inequalities, i.e., example (ii), certain subsample confidence regions are shown to have asymptotic size equal to their nominal level. In all other examples listed above, some types of subsample procedures do not have asymptotic size equal to their nominal level.

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The Persistence Of Corruption And Slow Economic Growth By Paolo Mauro Imf Staff Papers: A Review, A. U. Musa Mar 2007

The Persistence Of Corruption And Slow Economic Growth By Paolo Mauro Imf Staff Papers: A Review, A. U. Musa

Economic and Financial Review

The author listed two classical corruption practice that has impeded on economic growth i.e. (i) the individual bureaucrat who allocates his labour services between productive activity and theft of government resources in a classical case of portfolio adjustment and (ii) the corrupt politician who sets a bribe collection system (a bribe rate) with the maximization of utility as his goal vis-Ã -vis similar decisions by fellow politicians.

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The Lending Channel Of Monetary Policy Transmission In Nigeria; Vector Autoregressive (Var) Verification, Mbutor O. Mbutor Mar 2007

The Lending Channel Of Monetary Policy Transmission In Nigeria; Vector Autoregressive (Var) Verification, Mbutor O. Mbutor

Economic and Financial Review

This paper has evaluated the nature of the lending channel of monetary policy transmission mechanism. The major prediction of the approach is that a monetary tightening through increase in the policy interest rate will lead to a decline in the quantity of loans granted by commercial banks. Nigerian data from 1970 to 2003 have been utilized to ascertain the correctness of this hypothesis, using the vector autoregressive methodology. The results show that increases in the Treasury bill rate lead to a contemporaneous rise in the price of loans and a fall (with a lag)in the quantity of loans. Both affirm …

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Promoting Innovation In Developing Countries: A Conceptual Framework - A Review, O. Adesanya Mar 2007

Promoting Innovation In Developing Countries: A Conceptual Framework - A Review, O. Adesanya

Economic and Financial Review

The paper aims at providing a solid conceptual framework for the promotion of innovation in developing countries from which appropriate policies can be developed. The author opines that the growing interest in innovation promotion particularly technological innovation in developing countries stems from limitations experienced through traditional economic policies encapsulated in neo-liberalization. In the author's concluding remark, he posits that innovation in a broad sense is something new to a given context and the notion thus becomes generally acceptable to the peculiarities of developing economies from the most basic welfare improvements to the building of vibrant competitive industries. Consequently, the adoption, …

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Borderplex Long-Term Economic Trends To 2026, Thomas M. Fullerton Jr. Mar 2007

Borderplex Long-Term Economic Trends To 2026, Thomas M. Fullerton Jr.

Border Region Modeling Project

No abstract provided.

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Habitudes De Lecture Au Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Alain Joseph Sissao Mar 2007

Habitudes De Lecture Au Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Alain Joseph Sissao

Economics

Personne ne doute du fait que la pratique de la lecture tout au long du cursus scolaire soit un exercice très important pour le développement et la consolidation permanente de l’alphabétisation (1 ; 8 ; 2). Malgré ce consensus, il existe très peu d’études sur les habitudes de lecture des élèves en Afrique. La plupart des recherches se concentrent sur les problèmes des bibliothèques publiques (3 ; 13). Mais nous ne connaissons pas d’études qui analysent ou évaluent véritablement l’influence des bibliothèques sur les habitudes de lecture dans les pays africains. Ce qui est regrettable, car, pour évaluer l’impact des …

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Wealth Transfer Effects Of Analysts’ Misleading Behavior, Gus De Franco, Hai Lu, Florin P. Vasvari Mar 2007

Wealth Transfer Effects Of Analysts’ Misleading Behavior, Gus De Franco, Hai Lu, Florin P. Vasvari

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We investigate a sample of 50 firm events, identified in the Global Research Analysts Settlement, in which analysts were discovered to have acted misleadingly ex-post. In this setting, analysts' incentives caused them to issue public disclosures that differed from their private beliefs. We document that these firms' institutional holdings decline significantly during the period in which the analysts issued misleading disclosures. During this period daily small-size trades (a proxy for individual investors) are dominated by buy orders while daily large-size trades (a proxy for institutional investors) are dominated by sell orders. Short interest increases during the event period, consistent with …

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The Impact Of Human Capital On The Cost Of Air Force Acquisition Programs, Jeffrey C. Feuring Mar 2007

The Impact Of Human Capital On The Cost Of Air Force Acquisition Programs, Jeffrey C. Feuring

Theses and Dissertations

Previous studies have established a link between Human Capital and performance both at the firm and the individual level. These studies have shown that performance can be improved with additional personnel and/or higher education levels. This study attempts to build on this relationship by using the Cobb-Douglas Production function to relate inputs to outputs. The inputs to the function are the number of cost analysts positions, military and civilian, and an education variable for the number of master’s degrees in the field. The measure of output is the average cost overrun of Air Force contracts. A time series regression was …

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Montana's Outfitting Industry: Economic Impact And Industry-Client Analysis, Norma P. Nickerson, Christine Oschell, Lee Rademaker, Robert Dvorak Mar 2007

Montana's Outfitting Industry: Economic Impact And Industry-Client Analysis, Norma P. Nickerson, Christine Oschell, Lee Rademaker, Robert Dvorak

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

The purpose of this study was to assess the current status and future of the outfitting and guiding industry in Montana through an analysis of the economic contribution, a supply side inventory, and the client-guide experiences.

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Asian Currency Baskets: A Useful Surveillance Tool?, Charles Adams, Hwee Kwan Chow Mar 2007

Asian Currency Baskets: A Useful Surveillance Tool?, Charles Adams, Hwee Kwan Chow

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper considers whether an intra-regional currency basket and the associated divergence indicators could play a useful role in official exchange rate surveillance. Recently, proponents of an Asian currency basket have referred to the role the European Currency Unit played in constructing exchange rate divergence indicators as evidence of the usefulness of intra-regional currency baskets for exchange rate monitoring. The paper shows that such indicators have a number of features that can lead to them obscuring underlying changes in exchange rates and that the signals they emit will often be difficult to interpret. In addition, the use of regional currency …

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Trade Agreements With Domestic Policies As Disguised Protection, Gea Myoung Lee Mar 2007

Trade Agreements With Domestic Policies As Disguised Protection, Gea Myoung Lee

Research Collection School Of Economics

WTO rules prohibit “disguised protection” in the form of domestic policies. How then do governments cooperate over trade and domestic policies when none can verify whether a nation's domestic tax reduction is a protective measure or a reaction to a production externality? In this paper, each government privately observes whether a production externality associated with its import-competing good is high or low. This paper finds that in an optimal agreement, disguised protection with domestic policies is never used by governments with a high externality, and is never commonly realized. Moreover, in an optimal agreement, tariffs may be conditional on domestic …

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Bias In Dynamic Panel Estimation With Fixed Effects, Incidental Trends And Cross Section Dependence, Peter C. B. Phillips, Donggyu Sul Mar 2007

Bias In Dynamic Panel Estimation With Fixed Effects, Incidental Trends And Cross Section Dependence, Peter C. B. Phillips, Donggyu Sul

Research Collection School Of Economics

Explicit asymptotic bias formulae are given for dynamic panel regression estimators as the cross section sample size N --> ∞. The results extend earlier work by Nickell [1981. Biases in dynamic models with fixed effects. Econometrica 49, 1417-1426] and later authors in several directions that are relevant for practical work, including models with unit roots, deterministic trends, predetermined and exogenous regressors, and errors that may be cross sectionally dependent. The asymptotic bias is found to be so large when incidental linear trends are fitted and the time series sample size is small that it changes the sign of the autoregressive …

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Long Run Variance Estimation And Robust Regression Testing Using Sharp Origin Kernels With No Truncation, Peter C. B. Phillips, Yixiao Sun, Sainan Jin Mar 2007

Long Run Variance Estimation And Robust Regression Testing Using Sharp Origin Kernels With No Truncation, Peter C. B. Phillips, Yixiao Sun, Sainan Jin

Research Collection School Of Economics

A new family of kernels is suggested for use in long run variance (LRV) estimation and robust regression testing. The kernels are constructed by taking powers of the Bartlett kernel and are intended to be used with no truncation (or bandwidth) parameter. As the power parameter ([rho]) increases, the kernels become very sharp at the origin and increasingly downweight values away from the origin, thereby achieving effects similar to a bandwidth parameter. Sharp origin kernels can be used in regression testing in much the same way as conventional kernels with no truncation, as suggested in the work of Kiefer and …

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