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Full-Text Articles in Economics

Financng Government Programmes During Economic Downturn: Policy Options, E.M. Abolo Dec 2015

Financng Government Programmes During Economic Downturn: Policy Options, E.M. Abolo

Economic and Financial Review

The author discussed various policy options that can be adopted to finance government programmes during economic downturn. He explained in details the concept as it affects the economic growth and development.


Governments' Options For Financing The Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs) In A Period Of Economic Downturn, Robert C. Asogwa Dec 2015

Governments' Options For Financing The Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs) In A Period Of Economic Downturn, Robert C. Asogwa

Economic and Financial Review

The paper reviews the strategies for strengthening the existing sources of traditional finance in Nigeria and also, introduces new sources of innovative finance that will be suitable for funding government development programmes, as well as, the SDGs Agenda 2030. Furthermore, the possible role of the central bank vis a-vis the government fiscal authorities in the management of some sophisticated financial instruments which is increasingly gaining momentum as part of innovative development finance is discussed.


Financing Government Programmes In Economic Downturn: Theoretical Issues And Perspectives, A. H. Ekpo Dec 2015

Financing Government Programmes In Economic Downturn: Theoretical Issues And Perspectives, A. H. Ekpo

Economic and Financial Review

The purpose of this paper is to articulate the theoretical issues and perspectives which underscore the need for caution in financing government programmes whether in the recurrent outlay or capital programmes as individual financing modes have built in costs and risks that could inhibit the realisation of government objectives.


Financing Government Programmes In Economic Downturn: A Comparative Analysis, T. Oshikoya Dec 2015

Financing Government Programmes In Economic Downturn: A Comparative Analysis, T. Oshikoya

Economic and Financial Review

This paper examines the experience of Nigeria and other oil exporting countries in adjusting to lower oil prices and financing government programmes during economic downturn.


Financing Government Deficit During Economic Downturn: Options For Consideration, O. Ajakaiye Dec 2015

Financing Government Deficit During Economic Downturn: Options For Consideration, O. Ajakaiye

Economic and Financial Review

The author examines the efficacy of the conventional approach to financing budget deficit during economic downturn in Nigeria. He also considers other (unconventional) options for financing budget deficits during economic downturn in Nigeria.


The Role Of Central Banks During Economic Downturn: Lessons And Options For Financing Government Programmes In Nigeria, C.N.O. Mordi Dec 2015

The Role Of Central Banks During Economic Downturn: Lessons And Options For Financing Government Programmes In Nigeria, C.N.O. Mordi

Economic and Financial Review

The author examine both the traditional and developmental roles central banks plays in financing government programmes/projects.


Effects Of Monetary Policy On The Banking System Stability In Nigeria, A. Bamidele, J. Musa, L. Bala-Keffi, O. Owolabi, S. Imam Jun 2015

Effects Of Monetary Policy On The Banking System Stability In Nigeria, A. Bamidele, J. Musa, L. Bala-Keffi, O. Owolabi, S. Imam

Economic and Financial Review

The paper examined the effect of monetary policy on banking system stability in Nigeria. The main objective was to evaluate how monetary policy affected the banking system stability during the global financial crisis in Nigeria. Static and dynamic error correction models were estimated using monthly data from January 2007 to June 2013 and the error correction model was found most efficient. The banking system stability index was computed using banking soundness index, banking vulnerability index and economic climate index. The results showed that increase in monetary policy rate, depreciation of nominal exchange rate and rising inflation rate negatively affected the …


An Empirical Analysis Of The Effect Of Monetary Policy On The Manufacturing Sector In Nigeria, M. Ali, H. Aliero, M. Abubakar Jun 2015

An Empirical Analysis Of The Effect Of Monetary Policy On The Manufacturing Sector In Nigeria, M. Ali, H. Aliero, M. Abubakar

Economic and Financial Review

This study examined the effect of monetary policy on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria from 1970 to 2012 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing approach. Exchange rate was found as the only channel of monetary policy transmission with significantly negative effect on the manufacturing sector. This implies that manufacturing firms largely rely on foreign inputs for production and do not depend on the banking system for funding. The study, therefore, recommends indigenous technology and financial system development to reduce dependence on imported inputs and facilitate access to more funds.


Factors Explaining Exchange Rate Volatility In Nigeria: Theory And Empirical Evidence, H. E. Oaikhenan, O. S. Aigheyisi Jun 2015

Factors Explaining Exchange Rate Volatility In Nigeria: Theory And Empirical Evidence, H. E. Oaikhenan, O. S. Aigheyisi

Economic and Financial Review

The study empirically investigated the factors explaining the volatility of the bilateral exchange rate of the naira to the U.S. dollar, using data for 1970-2013 period. The EGARCH (1.1) modeling technique was used. The empirical evidence indicated that volatility of the naira exchange rate was characterised by clustering, strong leverage effect and moderate degree of persistence. It was found that increased net capital flows, greater integration of the Nigerian economy into the global market, deepening of the nation’s financial system, favourable crude oil prices, increase in the level of external reserves as well as economic growth were germane to dampening …


Sources And Impact Of Excess Liquidity On Monetary Policy In Nigeria, S. A. Ukeje, D. Amanze, L. Akinboyo, K. Ajayi Jun 2015

Sources And Impact Of Excess Liquidity On Monetary Policy In Nigeria, S. A. Ukeje, D. Amanze, L. Akinboyo, K. Ajayi

Economic and Financial Review

This paper examined the sources and effects of excess liquidity in the Nigerian banking system. The Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria do not hold voluntary reserve over and above the required reserve for precautionary reasons depending on their risk appetite. The practice over the years has been that DMBs constrained themselves by holding involuntary reserve which is a major concerns to the monetary authorities. The ideal situation is that banks should deploy excess reserves as loans to the public and invest in government securities, but on the contrary this is not done based on the profit maximisation tendencies of …


Interest Rate Elasticity Of Private Sector Credit In Nigeria, A. Bamidele, K. O. Oji, E. S. Smith, L. S. Jimoh Mar 2015

Interest Rate Elasticity Of Private Sector Credit In Nigeria, A. Bamidele, K. O. Oji, E. S. Smith, L. S. Jimoh

Economic and Financial Review

This study estimated the interest rate elasticity of private sector credit in Nigeria using the Vector Error Correction mechanism. The variables specified included real private sector credit. real GDP. Prime and maximum lending rates, exchange rate, 9)-day Treasury bill rate, inflation rate and all share index of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data utilised covered the period: 1998 Q1 to 2013 Q4. Granger causality tests were performed, and the co-integration analysis of the Johansen system-wide procedure was employed. The results indicated thot private sector credit was fairly interest inelastic in terms of both maximum and prime lending rates. The estimated …


Measuring The Depth Of Liquidity And Efficiency Of The Nigerian Capital Market, M. Tule, P. Ogiji, U. B. Ndako, U. Ujunwa, S. L. Jimoh, C. E. Lhediwa, O. O. Afiemo Mar 2015

Measuring The Depth Of Liquidity And Efficiency Of The Nigerian Capital Market, M. Tule, P. Ogiji, U. B. Ndako, U. Ujunwa, S. L. Jimoh, C. E. Lhediwa, O. O. Afiemo

Economic and Financial Review

The study developed a spectrum of indicative measures of capital market liquidity using Nigerian monthly stock market indices for the period January 2000 — June 2014. If identified four broad measures of liquidity common in the literature transaction cost, volume price and market impact measures. Based on these three sub-measures of market efficiency coefficient, variance ratio, turnover ratio and illiquidity index were developed based on data availability and other market factors specific to the Nigerian environment. The study examined the impact of capital market liquidity on asset price returns. using a vector auto regression [VAR] model which showed that the …


Capital Flows To Nigeria: A Structural Var Analysis, K. B. Ajide Mar 2015

Capital Flows To Nigeria: A Structural Var Analysis, K. B. Ajide

Economic and Financial Review

One of the utmost desire of every developing economy nurturing the aspiration of joining the league of developed nations is to pursue a course of plan that would makes it realisable. Undeniably, different channels have been identified in the economic literature as possible ways through which growth can be achieved. Attraction of foreign capital inflows has been identified of possible channel through which sustainable growth can be easily achieved. To this end. the paper empirically unravels both the pull and push factors in determining foreign capital flows, with special reference to the Nigerian economy. An empirically tractable structural VAR model …


Monetary Policy And Asset Prices In Nigeria, M.K. Tule, P. Ogiji, G. Okorie, D. Mbaka Mar 2015

Monetary Policy And Asset Prices In Nigeria, M.K. Tule, P. Ogiji, G. Okorie, D. Mbaka

Economic and Financial Review

This paper attempts to contribute to the debate on the linkages between monetary policy and asset prices in the woke of the recent global financial crisis. The study employs vector error correction (VEC) mode! on Nigerian weekly data from January 2007 to October 2013. A pair-wise granger causality test indicated a unidirectional causality from asset prices to monetary policy. Exchange rate at lag one was negatively related to the All Share Index. suggesting that exchange rate appreciation is likely to lead to excessive appreciation in asset prices. The results further indicated a positive relationship between financial system stability and asset …


Keynote Address At The Executive Seminar On Exchange Rate Policy And Economic Management In Nigeria, Godwin I. Emefiele Dec 2014

Keynote Address At The Executive Seminar On Exchange Rate Policy And Economic Management In Nigeria, Godwin I. Emefiele

Economic and Financial Review

This is keynote address delivered by the Governor of Central Bank, Godwin I. Emefiele, on the executive seminar on exchange rate policy and economic development- Is there a need for paradigm shift?


Exchange Rates, Capital Flows And Monetary Policy: Lessons From Emerging Market Economies, Biodun Adedipe Dec 2014

Exchange Rates, Capital Flows And Monetary Policy: Lessons From Emerging Market Economies, Biodun Adedipe

Economic and Financial Review

This paper proceeds in four sections as follows: section 1 is the introduction, section 2 gives a cursory summary of the literature on the 'trilemma-dilemma' that tend more towards the relevance of capital controls as an independent instrument in monetary policy irrespective of the exchange rate regime, while section 3 examines the evidence and effectiveness of the management of the process and relationships in emerging market economies (EME). Section 4 examines a country experience, while section 5 draws inferences for Nigeria and section 6 concludes with recommendations.


Special Remarks At The Executive Seminar On Exchange Rate Policy And Economic Management In Nigeria - Is There A Need For Paradigm Shift?, S.O. Alade Dec 2014

Special Remarks At The Executive Seminar On Exchange Rate Policy And Economic Management In Nigeria - Is There A Need For Paradigm Shift?, S.O. Alade

Economic and Financial Review

This is a special remark delivered by the Deputy Governor (Economic Policy) during the 23rd edition of the Annual Executive Seminar jointly organized by the Research and Human Resources Departments with the theme: "Exchange rate policy and economic management in Nigeria- Is there need for a paradigm shift?


Empirical Exposition Of Monetary Policy Under Fixed And Managed Float Exchange Rate Regime: Any Lesson For Nigeria, F.O. Egwaikhide, M. Oyinlola, O. Adeniyi, D. B. Olanipekun Dec 2014

Empirical Exposition Of Monetary Policy Under Fixed And Managed Float Exchange Rate Regime: Any Lesson For Nigeria, F.O. Egwaikhide, M. Oyinlola, O. Adeniyi, D. B. Olanipekun

Economic and Financial Review

The paper empirically investigated the relationship between monetary aggregates and the exchange rate under alternative exchange rate regimes in Nigeria. Using data spanning 1961 to 2013 to estimate vector auto-regressive (VAR) models, a number of findings ensued.


An Overview And Dynamics Of Financial Market Development In Nigeria And Imperatives For Exchange Rate Stability, E.U. Ukeje Dec 2014

An Overview And Dynamics Of Financial Market Development In Nigeria And Imperatives For Exchange Rate Stability, E.U. Ukeje

Economic and Financial Review

The article discusses the important role money market plays in the economic development of any country which provides the platform for central banks to influence short-term interest rates,


Exchange Rate And Inflation: Is There A Relationship In Nigeria, C.N.O. Mordi Dec 2014

Exchange Rate And Inflation: Is There A Relationship In Nigeria, C.N.O. Mordi

Economic and Financial Review

This paper attempts to examine the link between exchange rate and domestic price level in Nigeria. Employing the VAR technique, the study used monthly series of inter-bank rate, world export prices, real gross domestic product, oil prices and consumer price index from 2000MI to 2015MI. The results from the study show that exchange rate pass-through to price level is high. a shock to exchange rate (depreciation) would increase domestic price by 0.72 per cent in the first month. The effect rose to 0.82, 0.85 and 0.86 per cent in month 2,4 and 6, respectively, before it began to fall. By …


Welcome Address At The Executive Seminar On "Exchange Rate Policy And Economic Management", C. Mojekwu Dec 2014

Welcome Address At The Executive Seminar On "Exchange Rate Policy And Economic Management", C. Mojekwu

Economic and Financial Review

This is a welcome address by the Director of Human Resources Department on the 2015 CBN executive seminar jointly organized by the Research and Human Resources Departments.


Dollarisation: Any Possibility In Nigeria And Its Effects On Economic Management And Exchange Rate Stability, E.A. Abolo Dec 2014

Dollarisation: Any Possibility In Nigeria And Its Effects On Economic Management And Exchange Rate Stability, E.A. Abolo

Economic and Financial Review

This paper examined various type and definitions of dollarization, the possibility of dollarization in Nigeria and its effect on economic management. The author emphasized on unofficial dollarization and its benefits and costs.


Exchange Rate Policy And Economic Management: A Theoretical Nexus, Ayodele Jimoh Nov 2014

Exchange Rate Policy And Economic Management: A Theoretical Nexus, Ayodele Jimoh

Economic and Financial Review

This article focused on exchange rate policy and economic management: a theoretical nexus


Analysis Of Monetary Policy Decision Making Among Heterogeneous Monetary Policy Committee (Mpc) Members At The Central Bank Of Nigeria, C. C. Ezema, O. J. Odonye, T. S. Shitile, O. O. Afiemo Sep 2014

Analysis Of Monetary Policy Decision Making Among Heterogeneous Monetary Policy Committee (Mpc) Members At The Central Bank Of Nigeria, C. C. Ezema, O. J. Odonye, T. S. Shitile, O. O. Afiemo

Economic and Financial Review

This paper provided an empirical analysis of policy-makers' voting patterns on interest rates in Nigeria. Employing a (pooled) Taylor rule and using real-time data obtained from published personal statements of monetary policy committee members at the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the paper tests for preference heterogeneity among MPC members. The aggregate reaction function as well as individual reaction functions for MPC members were used to tests whether there is a difference between the voting patterns of internal members and that of external members of the committee. Our results suggest evidence of heterogeneity among MPC members and that the voting …


Responsiveness Of Nigeria's Short-Term Interest Rates To Changes In The Policy Rate, M. K. Tule Sep 2014

Responsiveness Of Nigeria's Short-Term Interest Rates To Changes In The Policy Rate, M. K. Tule

Economic and Financial Review

This paper appraises the efficacy of the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) as an anchor for other short-term interest rates in the economy. Adopting the vector autoregression approach, the responses of Nigeria's short-term interest rates to changes in the interbank rate (proxy for MPR) was modelled. The paper found that the pass-through from MPR to money market interest rates in the long-run is higher for the prime and lending rates than for changes in the Treasury bill rate and 3-month deposit rate. Overall, there seemed to be an asymmetric impact with an increase or fall in the interbank rate.


Quality Of Governance And Stock Market Performance: The Nigerian Experience, K. B. Ajide Sep 2014

Quality Of Governance And Stock Market Performance: The Nigerian Experience, K. B. Ajide

Economic and Financial Review

The paper examines the impact of governance on stock market performance using quarterly data series spanning 1996Q1 to 2010Q4. An ARDL bound testing methodology was employed to explore such causal relationship. Long-run stable relationships were established through the error correction terms of each of the measures used to the tune of -0.4821,-0.4034 and -0.4080 for all share price index, market capitalisation and the value of total stock traded, respectively. Findings indicate that macroeconomic and financial stability should be constantly maintained and promoted as it constitutes a drag on the stock performance; any acts of corruption should be eschewed as it …


Nigeria's Monetary Conditions Index, M. K. Tule, A. M. Isah, P. N. Okafor, I. Pedro, S. A. Ukeje, K. Oji, S. Oladunni Sep 2014

Nigeria's Monetary Conditions Index, M. K. Tule, A. M. Isah, P. N. Okafor, I. Pedro, S. A. Ukeje, K. Oji, S. Oladunni

Economic and Financial Review

The paper aims to construct a monetary conditions index (MCI) for Nigeria to aid the evaluation of the stance of monetary policy. Quarterly data for 91-day treasury bill rate (TBR), real exchange rate (RER), inflation rate (INF), real private sector credit (RCP), and real gross domestic product (RGDP), covering the period 2000Q1 to 2014Q1, were utilised. The period coincided with key reforms in the money and foreign exchange markets, culminating in the adoption of a new monetary policy framework in 2006. Following some econometric diagnostic tests, an aggregate demand function was estimated using the Johansen co-integration technique. The resultant long-run …


Effect Of Monetary Policy On Agricultural Sector In Nigeria, Elias A. Udeaja, Udoh A. Elijah Jun 2014

Effect Of Monetary Policy On Agricultural Sector In Nigeria, Elias A. Udeaja, Udoh A. Elijah

Economic and Financial Review

The study examinee the effect of monetary policy on agricultural sector in Nigeria, utilizing time series data for the periods spanning from 1970 to 2010. The study captures both monetary and non-monetary policy variables such as lending rate, commercial banks credit to agriculture, exchange rate, government expenditure in agriculture and inflation rate in examining the effect of monetary policy on agricultural output. The methodology adopted is the Auto- Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound Testing Approach. The results obtained shows that exchange rate and government expenditure had positive and significant effect on agricultural output and, hence agricultural sector in Nigeria. It …


An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Ardl) Approach To The Oil Consumption And Growth Nexus: Nigerian Evidence, N. Inuwa, H. M. Usman Jun 2014

An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Ardl) Approach To The Oil Consumption And Growth Nexus: Nigerian Evidence, N. Inuwa, H. M. Usman

Economic and Financial Review

This study attempts to examine the relationship between oil consumption, carbon emission and economic growth in Nigeria covering the period 1980-2011. The study applied Dickey-Fuller Generalised Least Square (DF-GLS) unit root test and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test approach to co-integration. The bond test results reveals a long-run equilibrium relationship among oil consumption, carbon emission and economic growth. The result also showed a positive and statistically significant impact of oil consumption on economic growth. The coefficient of error correction term in the ARDL model was statistically significant, indicating that the adjustment process by which long-run equilibrium is restored after …


A Test Of The Fisher Effect In Nigeria, M. K. Tule, U. M. Okpanachi, E. T. Adamgbe, S. E. Smith Jun 2014

A Test Of The Fisher Effect In Nigeria, M. K. Tule, U. M. Okpanachi, E. T. Adamgbe, S. E. Smith

Economic and Financial Review

This paper uses the state space model to investigate the dynamic relationship between real interest rate and inflation in Nigeria. The paper reveals varying degrees of effect across interest rate and time horizons.