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W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research

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Articles 601 - 630 of 1455

Full-Text Articles in Economics

Temporary Help Employment In Recession And Recovery, Susan N. Houseman, Carolyn J. Heinrich May 2015

Temporary Help Employment In Recession And Recovery, Susan N. Houseman, Carolyn J. Heinrich

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The temporary help industry, although small, plays a significant role in the macro economy, reflecting employers’ growing reliance on temporary help agencies to provide flexibility in meeting staffing needs. Drawing on detailed temporary-help order data between 2007 and 2011 from a large, nationally representative staffing company, we provide insights into the characteristics of temporary help work, employers’ use of temporary agencies to screen workers for permanent positions, and the industry’s role in labor market adjustment over the business cycle. We estimate that the temporary help industry accounted for a large share of gross job losses and job gains over this …


Military Retention Incentives: Evidence From The Air Force Selective Reenlistment Bonus, Justin Joffrion, Nathan Wozny Apr 2015

Military Retention Incentives: Evidence From The Air Force Selective Reenlistment Bonus, Justin Joffrion, Nathan Wozny

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The limited lateral entry and rigid pay structure for U.S. military personnel present challenges in retaining skilled individuals who have attractive options in the civilian labor market. One tool the services use to address this challenge is the Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB), which offers eligible personnel with particular skills a substantial cash bonus upon reenlistment. However, the sequential nature of the bonus offer and reenlistment process limits the ability to adjust manpower quickly, raising interest in research that estimates the effect of the SRB on retention. While this literature has acknowledged challenges including potential endogeneity of bonus levels, attrition, and …


Trade Reform And Regional Dynamics: Evidence From 25 Years Of Brazilian Matched Employer-Employee Data, Rafael Dix-Carneiro, Brian K. Kovak Apr 2015

Trade Reform And Regional Dynamics: Evidence From 25 Years Of Brazilian Matched Employer-Employee Data, Rafael Dix-Carneiro, Brian K. Kovak

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We empirically study the dynamics of labor market adjustment following the Brazilian trade reform of the 1990s. We use variation in industry-specific tariff cuts interacted with initial regional industry mix to measure trade-induced local labor demand shocks, and then examine regional and individual labor market responses to those one-time shocks over two decades. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we do not find that the impact of local shocks is dissipated over time through wage-equalizing migration. Instead, we find steadily growing effects of local shocks on regional formal sector wages and employment for 20 years. This finding can be rationalized in a …


White Paper On Valuing Transportation Infrastructure, Randall W. Eberts Apr 2015

White Paper On Valuing Transportation Infrastructure, Randall W. Eberts

Reports

No abstract provided.


Who Benefits From A Minimum Wage Increase?, John W. Lopresti, Kevin J. Mumford Apr 2015

Who Benefits From A Minimum Wage Increase?, John W. Lopresti, Kevin J. Mumford

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper addresses the question of how a minimum wage increase affects the wages of low-wage workers. Most studies assume that there is a simple mechanical increase in the wage for workers earning a wage between the old and the new minimum wage, with some studies allowing for spillovers to workers with wages just above this range. Rather than assume that the wages of these workers would have remained constant, this paper estimates how a minimum wage increase impacts a low-wage worker’s wage relative to the wage the worker would have if there had been no minimum wage increase. The …


Sectoral Initiatives And Opportunity Youth, Kevin Hollenbeck Apr 2015

Sectoral Initiatives And Opportunity Youth, Kevin Hollenbeck

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Accelerate: Economic Development Strategy And Prosperity Plan For The I-69 Thumb Region, George Erickcek, Bryan Bommersbach, Don Edgerly, Brian Pittelko, Claudette Robey, Jim Robey Mar 2015

Accelerate: Economic Development Strategy And Prosperity Plan For The I-69 Thumb Region, George Erickcek, Bryan Bommersbach, Don Edgerly, Brian Pittelko, Claudette Robey, Jim Robey

Reports

Accelerate is the culmination of a collaborative planning process for a seven-county area spearheaded by the Flint & Genesee Chamber of Commerce and the Genesee Lapeer Shiawassee (GLS) Region V Planning & Development Commission, resulting in a coordinated Federal Economic Development Strategy and State Prosperity Plan. This document ties together the U.S. Economic Development Administration Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) and the Region 6 Prosperity plans into a single, unified plan expressing a shared economic vision for Shiawassee, Genesee, Lapeer, St. Clair, Tuscola, Huron, and Sanilac counties. Accelerate creates an economic roadmap for unified actions in the region leading to …


The Impact Of Affirmative Action On The Employment Of Minorities And Women Over Three Decades: 1973-2003, Fidan Ana Kurtulus Mar 2015

The Impact Of Affirmative Action On The Employment Of Minorities And Women Over Three Decades: 1973-2003, Fidan Ana Kurtulus

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

What role has affirmative action played in the growth of minority and female employment in U.S. firms? This paper analyzes this issue by comparing the employment of minorities and women at firms holding federal contracts and therefore mandated to implement affirmative action, and at noncontracting firms, over the course of three decades spanning 1973–2003. It constitutes the first study to comprehensively document the long-term impact of affirmative action in federal contracting on the U.S. employment landscape. The study uses a new panel data set of over 100,000 large private-sector firms across all industries and regions, obtained from the U.S. Equal …


The Role Of Sectoral Initiatives In Solving The Employment Problems Of Opportunity Youth, Kevin Hollenbeck Feb 2015

The Role Of Sectoral Initiatives In Solving The Employment Problems Of Opportunity Youth, Kevin Hollenbeck

Upjohn Institute Policy Papers

An estimated 6.7 million individuals in the United States are between the ages of 16 and 24 and are not employed, not in school, and have not earned a postsecondary credential. This paper examines the extent to which sectoral initiatives, which operate on the demand side of the labor market, can play a role in facilitating pathways into productive careers for these individuals, who we refer to in the paper as opportunity youth (OY). It is mainly a review of the literature about the effectiveness of workforce development sectoral initiatives and other programs specifically focused on OY. It first reviews …


From Preschool To Prosperity: The Economic Payoff To Early Childhood Education, Timothy J. Bartik Feb 2015

From Preschool To Prosperity: The Economic Payoff To Early Childhood Education, Timothy J. Bartik

Presentations

No abstract provided.


Medicaid And The Labor Supply Of Single Mothers: Implications For Health Care Reform, Vincent Pohl Feb 2015

Medicaid And The Labor Supply Of Single Mothers: Implications For Health Care Reform, Vincent Pohl

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act expands Medicaid and introduces health insurance subsidies, thereby changing work incentives for single mothers. To undertake an ex ante policy evaluation of the employment effects of the PPACA, I structurally estimate a model of labor supply and health insurance choice exploiting existing variation in Medicaid policies. Simulations show that single mothers increase their labor supply at the extensive and the intensive margin by six and five percent, respectively. The PPACA leads to crowding-out of employer-sponsored health insurance of about 40 percent and increases single mothers' welfare by about $190 per month.


Mandate-Based Health Reform And The Labor Market: Evidence From The Massachusetts Reform, Jonathan T. Kolstad, Amanda E. Kowalski Jan 2015

Mandate-Based Health Reform And The Labor Market: Evidence From The Massachusetts Reform, Jonathan T. Kolstad, Amanda E. Kowalski

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We model the labor market impact of the key provisions of the national and Massachusetts "mandate-based" health reforms: individual mandates, employer mandates, and subsidies. We characterize the compensating differential for employer-sponsored health insurance (ESHI) and the welfare impact of reform in terms of "sufficient statistics." We compare welfare under mandate-based reform to welfare in a counterfactual world where individuals do not value ESHI. Relying on the Massachusetts reform, we find that jobs with ESHI pay $2,812 less annually, somewhat less than the cost of ESHI to employers. Accordingly, the deadweight loss of mandate-based health reform was approximately 8 percent of …


Inference On Causal Effects In A Generalized Regression Kink Design, David Card, David S. Lee, Zhuan Pei, Andrea Weber Jan 2015

Inference On Causal Effects In A Generalized Regression Kink Design, David Card, David S. Lee, Zhuan Pei, Andrea Weber

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We consider nonparametric identification and estimation in a nonseparable model where a continuous regressor of interest is a known, deterministic, but kinked function of an observed assignment variable. This design arises in many institutional settings where a policy variable (such as weekly unemployment benefits) is determined by an observed but potentially endogenous assignment variable (like previous earnings). We provide new results on identification and estimation for these settings, and apply our results to obtain estimates of the elasticity of joblessness with respect to UI benefit rates. We characterize a broad class of models in which a sharp “Regression Kink Design” …


Southcentral Michigan Five-Year Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy: Final Report, George Erickcek, Don Edgerly, Brian Pittelko, Claudette Robey, Bridget Timmeney Jan 2015

Southcentral Michigan Five-Year Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy: Final Report, George Erickcek, Don Edgerly, Brian Pittelko, Claudette Robey, Bridget Timmeney

Reports

No abstract provided.


The Effect Of Medicare Eligibility On Spousal Insurance Coverage, Marcus Dillender, Karen Mulligan Jan 2015

The Effect Of Medicare Eligibility On Spousal Insurance Coverage, Marcus Dillender, Karen Mulligan

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

A majority of married couples in the United States take advantage of the fact that employers often provide health insurance coverage to spouses. When the older spouses become eligible for Medicare, however, many of them can no longer provide their younger spouses with coverage. In this paper, we study how spousal eligibility for Medicare affects the health insurance and health care access of the younger spouse. We find spousal eligibility for Medicare results in the younger spouse having worse insurance coverage and reduced access to health care services.


Net Impact And Benefit-Cost Estimates Of The Workforce Development System In Washington State, Kevin Hollenbeck, Wei-Jang Huang Jan 2015

Net Impact And Benefit-Cost Estimates Of The Workforce Development System In Washington State, Kevin Hollenbeck, Wei-Jang Huang

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

This study estimates the net impacts and private and social benefits and costs of 11 workforce development programs administered in Washington State. Six of the programs serve job-ready adults: Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Title I-B Adult programs, WIA Title I-B Dislocated Worker programs, Community and Technical College Job Preparatory Training, Community and Technical College Worker Retraining, Private Career Schools, and Apprenticeships. Three of the programs serve adults with employment barriers: Community and Technical College Adult Basic Skills Education, IBEST, and Division of Vocational Rehabilitation programs. The other two programs serve youth: WIA Title I-B Youth programs and Secondary Career and …


The Political Economy Of Good Governance, Sisay Asefa Editor, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor Jan 2015

The Political Economy Of Good Governance, Sisay Asefa Editor, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor

Upjohn Press

The contributors to this book capture several of the key dimensions of good governance, as well as what deleterious and negative consequences may arise in its absence. They draw analysis and solutions from diverse sectors such as economics, public administration, management, and political science, in order to treat some of the most pressing societal issues of our time. They connect the importance of education, health, climate change, and poverty to address the challenges of creating a world where more countries embrace good governance policies to benefit their peoples.


Guild-Ridden Labor Markets: The Curious Case Of Occupational Licensing, Morris M. Kleiner Jan 2015

Guild-Ridden Labor Markets: The Curious Case Of Occupational Licensing, Morris M. Kleiner

Upjohn Press

In his third Upjohn Press book on occupational licensing, Morris M. Kleiner examines why the institution of occupational licensing has had such a curious evolution and influence in the United States, the European Union, and China. He also discusses the many similarities it has to guilds.


The Effects Of Eliminating The Work Search Requirement On Job Match Quality And Other Long-Term Employment Outcomes, Marta Lachowska, Merve Meral, Stephen A. Woodbury Jan 2015

The Effects Of Eliminating The Work Search Requirement On Job Match Quality And Other Long-Term Employment Outcomes, Marta Lachowska, Merve Meral, Stephen A. Woodbury

External Papers and Reports

No abstract provided.


New Labor Market Realities Require New Workforce Development Policies, Carl E. Van Horn Jan 2015

New Labor Market Realities Require New Workforce Development Policies, Carl E. Van Horn

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Promise Nation: Transforming Communities Through Place-Based Scholarships, Michelle Miller-Adams Jan 2015

Promise Nation: Transforming Communities Through Place-Based Scholarships, Michelle Miller-Adams

Upjohn Press

Miller-Adams describes how the various "Promise-type" place-based scholarship programs impact college access, financial aid, and community transformation.


Measuring Globalization: Better Trade Statistics For Better Policy, Susan N. Houseman Editor, Michael J. Mandel Editor Jan 2015

Measuring Globalization: Better Trade Statistics For Better Policy, Susan N. Houseman Editor, Michael J. Mandel Editor

Upjohn Press

Understanding the impacts of globalization requires good data, and national statistical systems were not designed to measure many of the transactions occurring in today’s global economy. The chapters in this volume and its companion volume identify biases and gaps in national statistics, examine the magnitude of the problems they pose, and propose solutions to address significant biases and fill key data gaps.


Young Workers Left Behind: Hiring And The Great Recession, Eliza C. Forsythe Jan 2015

Young Workers Left Behind: Hiring And The Great Recession, Eliza C. Forsythe

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Economic Impact Of Northwestern Michigan College: Final Report, George A. Erickcek Nov 2014

Economic Impact Of Northwestern Michigan College: Final Report, George A. Erickcek

Reports

No abstract provided.


Report On Scoping The Feasibility Of Constructing An Economic Impact Model For Recreational And Conservation Projects In The State Of Michigan, George A. Erickcek Nov 2014

Report On Scoping The Feasibility Of Constructing An Economic Impact Model For Recreational And Conservation Projects In The State Of Michigan, George A. Erickcek

Reports

No abstract provided.


Refining Workforce Education Supply And Demand Analysis: Final Report, Brad J. Hershbein, Kevin Hollenbeck Oct 2014

Refining Workforce Education Supply And Demand Analysis: Final Report, Brad J. Hershbein, Kevin Hollenbeck

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

No abstract provided.


How Long Before Recertifying Medicaid And Chip Children?, Zhuan Pei Oct 2014

How Long Before Recertifying Medicaid And Chip Children?, Zhuan Pei

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


The Job Search Intensity Supply Curve: How Labor Market Conditions Affect Job Search Effort, Jeremy Schwartz Aug 2014

The Job Search Intensity Supply Curve: How Labor Market Conditions Affect Job Search Effort, Jeremy Schwartz

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

During the Great Recession of 2007, unemployment reached nearly 10 percent and the ratio of unemployment to open positions (as measured by the Help Wanted OnLine Index) more than tripled. The weak labor market prompted an unprecedented extension in the length of time in which a claimant can collect unemployment insurance (UI) to 99 weeks, at an expense to date of $226.4 billion. While many claim that extending UI during a recession will reduce search intensity, the effect of weak labor market conditions on search remains a mystery. As a result, policymakers are in the dark as to whether UI …


Aggregate Demand, Idle Time, And Unemployment, Pascal Michaillat, Emmanuel Saez Jul 2014

Aggregate Demand, Idle Time, And Unemployment, Pascal Michaillat, Emmanuel Saez

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper develops a model of unemployment fluctuations. The model keeps the architecture of the Barro and Grossman (1971) general disequilibrium model but replaces the disequilibrium framework on the labor and product markets by a matching framework. On the product and labor markets, both price and tightness adjust to equalize supply and demand. There is one more variable than equilibrium condition on each market, so we consider various price mechanisms to close the model, from completely flexible to completely rigid. With some price rigidity, aggregate demand influences unemployment through a simple mechanism: higher aggregate demand raises the probability that firms …


Job Creation Tax Credits: Still Worth Consideration?, Robert S. Chirinko, Daniel J. Wilson Jul 2014

Job Creation Tax Credits: Still Worth Consideration?, Robert S. Chirinko, Daniel J. Wilson

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.