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W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research

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Articles 211 - 240 of 1455

Full-Text Articles in Economics

‘Long Social Distancing’ Reduces Potential Output Of U.S. Economy, Jose Maria Barrero Nov 2022

‘Long Social Distancing’ Reduces Potential Output Of U.S. Economy, Jose Maria Barrero

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


Long Social Distancing, Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis Nov 2022

Long Social Distancing, Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Many working-age Americans say they will continue some forms of social distancing after the COVID-19 pandemic ends. We uncover this long social distancing phenomenon in our monthly Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes. It is stronger among older persons, the less educated, and those who live with or care for persons at high risk from infectious diseases. Regression models fit to individual-level data suggest that social distancing lowered labor force participation by 2.4 percentage points in 2022, 1.2 points on an earnings-weighted basis. Daily interactions with at-risk persons and long COVID experiences lead to larger drags on participation. When combined …


College Academic Coaching Can Increase College Success And Later Earnings, Pierre Mouganie, Serena Canaan, Stefanie Fischer, Geoffrey C. Schnorr Nov 2022

College Academic Coaching Can Increase College Success And Later Earnings, Pierre Mouganie, Serena Canaan, Stefanie Fischer, Geoffrey C. Schnorr

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Disability Insurance Screening And Workers’ Health And Labor Market Outcomes, Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham Nov 2022

Disability Insurance Screening And Workers’ Health And Labor Market Outcomes, Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Disability Insurance Screening And Workers’ Health And Labor Market Outcomes, Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham Oct 2022

Disability Insurance Screening And Workers’ Health And Labor Market Outcomes, Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


Disability Insurance Screening And Worker Outcomes, Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham Oct 2022

Disability Insurance Screening And Worker Outcomes, Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We estimate the returns to more targeted disability insurance (DI) programs in terms of labor force participation and worker health. To do so, we analyze male workers after an acute workplace injury that experience differential levels of application screening. We find that when workers face tighter screening requirements, they are less likely to claim disability and are more likely to remain in the labor force. We observe no differences in any physical or mental health outcomes, including reinjury. Our findings imply that imposing stricter DI screening requirements has large fiscal benefits but does not yield any detectable health costs, on …


College Academic Coaching Can Increase College Success And Later Earnings, Pierre Mouganie, Serena Canaan, Stefanie Fischer, Geoffrey C. Schnorr Sep 2022

College Academic Coaching Can Increase College Success And Later Earnings, Pierre Mouganie, Serena Canaan, Stefanie Fischer, Geoffrey C. Schnorr

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


The Case For Dynamic Cities, Brian J. Asquith, Margaret C. Bock Sep 2022

The Case For Dynamic Cities, Brian J. Asquith, Margaret C. Bock

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Cities today are confronting never-before-seen challenges to their top spot in the economic hierarchy. In this chapter, we lay out four challenges, past and future, that cities face today and identify policies that can help address the problems we identify. We call attention to the need for many U.S. cities to redevelop the large amount of aging postwar single-family housing, while reforming past exclusionary zoning and infrastructure decisions that exacerbated inequality. Cities will have to fix these past mistakes against the backdrop of an aging population and the rise of remote working, both of which undercut cities’ traditional source of …


Grease Or Grit?: International Case Studies Of Occupational Licensing And Its Effects On Efficiency And Quality, Morris M. Kleiner Editor, Maria Koumenta Editor Sep 2022

Grease Or Grit?: International Case Studies Of Occupational Licensing And Its Effects On Efficiency And Quality, Morris M. Kleiner Editor, Maria Koumenta Editor

Upjohn Press

The book provides a comprehensive approach to whether a dominant governmental institution in the labor market-occupational licensing-greases, which enhances, or on the other hand results in grit, which diminishes the efficient workings of labor and service markets in parts of Europe and the United States. The detailed case studies in the book indicate that an increase in the availability of service providers or enhanced competition does not have negative effects on the quality of the services provided, prices, or survey measures of consumer satisfaction.


Seize The Time: Needed Research On Local Economic Development In An Era Of Increased Attention To Problems Of Place, Timothy J. Bartik Sep 2022

Seize The Time: Needed Research On Local Economic Development In An Era Of Increased Attention To Problems Of Place, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Policy Papers

With the increased attention to place-based policies comes an increased need for policy-relevant research on local economic development. Within the policy area of local economic development, this paper identifies five types of research needs: 1) better definitions of local labor markets; 2) policy know-how on how local economic development’s benefits can be better spread to distressed neighborhoods; 3) evidence on what types of jobs have both good growth prospects in the U.S. economy yet also provide good long-run job opportunities in local labor markets for the majority of U.S. workers who lack a bachelor’s degree; 4) estimates of how local …


Helping Distressed Places: Best Practices And Needed Scale, Timothy J. Bartik Sep 2022

Helping Distressed Places: Best Practices And Needed Scale, Timothy J. Bartik

Presentations

No abstract provided.


Information, Intermediaries, And International Migration, Samuel Bazzi, Lisa Cameron, Simone Schaner, Firman Witoelar Aug 2022

Information, Intermediaries, And International Migration, Samuel Bazzi, Lisa Cameron, Simone Schaner, Firman Witoelar

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Job seekers face substantial information frictions, especially in international labor markets where intermediaries match prospective migrants with overseas employers. We conducted a randomized trial in Indonesia to explore how information about intermediary quality shapes migration outcomes. Holding access to information about the return to choosing a high-quality intermediary constant, intermediary-specific quality disclosure reduces the migration rate, cutting use of low-quality providers. Workers who do migrate receive better pre-departure preparation and have improved experiences abroad, despite no change in occupation or destination. These results are not driven by changes in beliefs about average provider quality or the return to migration. Nor …


Centering Work: Integration And Diffusion Of Workforce Development Within The U.S. Manufacturing Extension Network, Nichola Lowe, Greg Schrock, Matthew D. Wilson, Rumana Rabbani, Allison Forbes Aug 2022

Centering Work: Integration And Diffusion Of Workforce Development Within The U.S. Manufacturing Extension Network, Nichola Lowe, Greg Schrock, Matthew D. Wilson, Rumana Rabbani, Allison Forbes

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

As the U.S. economy rebounds from the COVID-19 pandemic, strategies that promote long-term transformation toward high-quality jobs will be critical. This includes workplace-improving interventions that enable employers to upgrade existing jobs, often while enhancing their own competitive position. This paper focuses on the Manufacturing Extension Partnership, a national network of federally funded centers that support small and medium-sized manufacturing firms. We document the range of workforce- and workplace-enhancing strategies that MEP centers have adopted since the network’s inception in the mid-1990s. While workforce development is unevenly implemented across today’s MEP network, leading centers within the network are devising transformative strategies …


Keep Me In, Coach: The Short- And Long-Term Effects Of Targeted Academic Coaching, Serena Canaan, Stefanie Fischer, Pierre Mouganie, Geoffrey C. Schnorr Aug 2022

Keep Me In, Coach: The Short- And Long-Term Effects Of Targeted Academic Coaching, Serena Canaan, Stefanie Fischer, Pierre Mouganie, Geoffrey C. Schnorr

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

To boost college graduation rates, policymakers often advocate for academic supports such as coaching or mentoring. Proactive and intensive coaching interventions are effective, but are costly and difficult to scale. We evaluate a relatively lower-cost group coaching program targeted at first-year college students placed on academic probation. Participants attend a workshop where coaches aim to normalize failure and improve self-confidence. Coaches also facilitate a process whereby participants reflect on their academic difficulties, devise solutions to address their challenges, and create an action plan. Participants then hold a one-time follow-up meeting with their coach or visit a campus resource. Using a …


How State Governments Can Help Distressed Places, Timothy J. Bartik Aug 2022

How State Governments Can Help Distressed Places, Timothy J. Bartik

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


What Types Of Local Job Creation Most Benefit Residents?, Timothy J. Bartik Aug 2022

What Types Of Local Job Creation Most Benefit Residents?, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


Mismatch In Local Labor Markets: How Demand Shocks To Different Occupations Affect Less- Or More-Educated Workers In Diverse Local Labor Markets, Timothy J. Bartik Aug 2022

Mismatch In Local Labor Markets: How Demand Shocks To Different Occupations Affect Less- Or More-Educated Workers In Diverse Local Labor Markets, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

This paper estimates the effects on local labor market outcomes (employment rates, real wages, real earnings) of local labor demand shocks to different types of occupations. Occupations are divided into three groups, “high, middle, and low,” with occupations differing in wages paid and education credentials required. Effects are considered on both workers with less than a four-year college degree and workers with a bachelor’s degree or higher. The strongest benefits for labor market outcomes come from demand shocks to “mid jobs.” Mid-job demand shocks particularly benefit less-educated workers. High-job demand shocks often hurt labor market outcomes for less-educated workers, in …


Firms And Unemployment Insurance Take-Up, Marta Lachowska, Isaac Sorkin, Stephen A. Woodbury Jul 2022

Firms And Unemployment Insurance Take-Up, Marta Lachowska, Isaac Sorkin, Stephen A. Woodbury

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We use administrative data to quantify the firm role in unemployment insurance (UI) take-up. First, there are firm effects in both claiming and appeals, and, consistent with deterrence effects, these are negatively correlated. Second, low-wage workers are less likely to claim and more likely to have their claims appealed than median-wage workers, and firm effects explain a large share of these income gradients. Third, high-claiming and low-appealing firms are desirable firms: they are higher-paying and have lower separation rates. Finally, the dominant source of targeting error in the UI system is that eligible workers do not apply. Our findings emphasize …


Common Ownership In Labor Markets, José Azar, Yue Qiu, Aaron Sojourner Jul 2022

Common Ownership In Labor Markets, José Azar, Yue Qiu, Aaron Sojourner

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In this paper, we study common ownership in U.S. labor markets, and document that common ownership more than doubled over the period 1999–2017. To identify the causal effects of common ownership on labor market outcomes, we use a firm’s addition to the S&P 500 index as a shock to the common ownership of its competitors in local labor markets. Using a matched difference-in-differences analysis, we find that, after a firm enters the S&P 500 index, the average annual earnings per employee of its local competitors decrease relative to the counterfactual. The effect of S&P 500 index additions on employee earnings …


The Wagner-Peyser Act And U.S. Employment Service: 75 Years Of Matching Job Seekers And Employers, Christopher J. O'Leary, Randall W. Eberts Jun 2022

The Wagner-Peyser Act And U.S. Employment Service: 75 Years Of Matching Job Seekers And Employers, Christopher J. O'Leary, Randall W. Eberts

Presentations

No abstract provided.


How State Governments Can Help Distressed Places, Timothy J. Bartik Jun 2022

How State Governments Can Help Distressed Places, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


How State Governments Can Target Job Opportunities To Distressed Places, Timothy J. Bartik Jun 2022

How State Governments Can Target Job Opportunities To Distressed Places, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

The United States has two types of “place-based” jobs problems: low employment rates in 1) local labor markets and 2) neighborhoods. The local labor market problem can be dealt with by targeting distressed local labor markets for job creation. The neighborhood problem can be dealt with by targeting distressed neighborhoods with programs to improve residents’ job access. This report describes the magnitude of these place-based jobs problems and reviews research on the most cost-effective programs to address these problems. The report also reviews current state government efforts to target job opportunities to distressed places, pointing out that such targeting is …


The Kalamazoo Promise “Sweet 16," Summary Study Results: 16 Key Findings From 16 Years Studying The Kalamazoo Promise, Kathleen Bolter, Isabel Mcmullen May 2022

The Kalamazoo Promise “Sweet 16," Summary Study Results: 16 Key Findings From 16 Years Studying The Kalamazoo Promise, Kathleen Bolter, Isabel Mcmullen

Reports

No abstract provided.


How Federal Pandemic Relief Helped Replenish State Unemployment Reserves, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline May 2022

How Federal Pandemic Relief Helped Replenish State Unemployment Reserves, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline

Upjohn Institute Policy Papers

Unemployment insurance (UI) is a joint federal-state program that pays temporary partial earnings replacement to involuntarily unemployed workers while they seek reemployment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, UI claims surged and became a primary source for income replacement for workers who lost their jobs. However, despite previous federal incentives for states to shore up their UI funding reserves, the scale of claims during the pandemic was unprecedented, and the federal government needed to step in to help pay not only for direct, expanded benefits but for additional assistance to states themselves. Although this effort helped backstop the successful operation of states’ …


Time To Expand?!: A Workforce Study Of Construction Occupations In The Greater Cleveland Area, An Illustrated Executive Summary, Kathleen Bolter, Jim Robey, Gerrit Anderson May 2022

Time To Expand?!: A Workforce Study Of Construction Occupations In The Greater Cleveland Area, An Illustrated Executive Summary, Kathleen Bolter, Jim Robey, Gerrit Anderson

Reports

No abstract provided.


Time To Expand?!: A Workforce Study Of Construction Occupations In The Greater Cleveland Area, Kathleen Bolter, Jim Robey, Gerrit Anderson May 2022

Time To Expand?!: A Workforce Study Of Construction Occupations In The Greater Cleveland Area, Kathleen Bolter, Jim Robey, Gerrit Anderson

Reports

No abstract provided.


Monopsony In Manufacturing, Chen Yeh, Claudia Macaluso, Brad J. Hershbein May 2022

Monopsony In Manufacturing, Chen Yeh, Claudia Macaluso, Brad J. Hershbein

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


How Federal Pandemic Relief Helped Replenish State Unemployment Reserves, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline May 2022

How Federal Pandemic Relief Helped Replenish State Unemployment Reserves, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Entrepreneurial Firms And Incentives: Pre-Covid-19 Landscape And Pandemic Recovery Responses, Darrene Hackler May 2022

Entrepreneurial Firms And Incentives: Pre-Covid-19 Landscape And Pandemic Recovery Responses, Darrene Hackler

External Papers and Reports

No abstract provided.


Broadband Use And Inclusive Prosperity In Black Communities, Karen Mossberger, Caroline Tolbert, Bomi Lee May 2022

Broadband Use And Inclusive Prosperity In Black Communities, Karen Mossberger, Caroline Tolbert, Bomi Lee

External Papers and Reports

No abstract provided.