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W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research

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Articles 181 - 210 of 1455

Full-Text Articles in Economics

Why Are Unemployment Insurance Claims So Low?, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline, Thomas A. Stengle, Stephen A. Wandner Apr 2023

Why Are Unemployment Insurance Claims So Low?, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline, Thomas A. Stengle, Stephen A. Wandner

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


Why Are Unemployment Insurance Claims So Low?, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline, Thomas A. Stengle, Stephen A. Wandner Apr 2023

Why Are Unemployment Insurance Claims So Low?, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline, Thomas A. Stengle, Stephen A. Wandner

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In this paper, we examine the reasons why unemployment insurance (UI) claims have declined so dramatically over the past three decades. The fall in the UI claims rate is concerning because it suggests a reduced countercyclical effectiveness of the UI program. Additionally, weekly initial UI claims are regarded as an important leading indicator of aggregate economic activity, so their meaning has changed. We use a Oaxaca (1973) decomposition approach to identify the main factors for the decline in claims. The procedure suggests what the level of claims would have been later in the period, had values of variables or parameters …


How Many Independent Contractors Are There And Who Works In These Jobs?, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth C. Truesdale Apr 2023

How Many Independent Contractors Are There And Who Works In These Jobs?, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth C. Truesdale

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


What Happens To Residents Evicted Under California’S Ellis Act?, Brian J. Asquith Apr 2023

What Happens To Residents Evicted Under California’S Ellis Act?, Brian J. Asquith

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Southwest Michigan Wage And Benefits Survey: Van Buren, Kalamazoo, Calhoun, Berrien, Cass, St. Joseph, And Branch Counties, Dakota Mccracken, Val Gipper, Michael Horrigan Apr 2023

Southwest Michigan Wage And Benefits Survey: Van Buren, Kalamazoo, Calhoun, Berrien, Cass, St. Joseph, And Branch Counties, Dakota Mccracken, Val Gipper, Michael Horrigan

Reports

No abstract provided.


College Majors And Skills: Evidence From The Universe Of Online Job Ads, Steven W. Hemelt, Brad J. Hershbein, Shawn Martin, Kevin M. Stange Apr 2023

College Majors And Skills: Evidence From The Universe Of Online Job Ads, Steven W. Hemelt, Brad J. Hershbein, Shawn Martin, Kevin M. Stange

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We use the near universe of U.S. online job ads to document four new facts about the skills employers demand from college majors. First, some skills––social and organizational––are demanded from all majors whereas others––financial and customer service––are demanded from only particular majors. Second, some majors have skill demand profiles that mirror overall demand for college graduates, such as Business and General Engineering, while other majors, such as Nursing and Education, have relatively rare skill profiles. Third, cross-major differences in skill profiles explain considerable wage variation. Fourth, although major-specific skill demand varies across place, this variation plays little role in explaining …


The Decline Of Routine Tasks, Education Investments, And Intergenerational Mobility, Patrick Bennett, Kai Liu, Kjell Salvanes Mar 2023

The Decline Of Routine Tasks, Education Investments, And Intergenerational Mobility, Patrick Bennett, Kai Liu, Kjell Salvanes

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

How does a large structural change to the labor market affect education investments made at young ages? Exploiting differential exposure to the national decline in routine-task intensity across local labor markets, we show that the secular decline in routine tasks causes major shifts in education investments of high school students, where they invest less in vocational-trades education and increasingly invest in college education. Our results highlight that labor demand changes impact inequality in the next generation. Low-ability and low-SES students are most responsive to task-biased demand changes and, as a result, intergenerational mobility in college education increases.


How Many Independent Contractors Are There And Who Works In These Jobs?, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth C. Truesdale Mar 2023

How Many Independent Contractors Are There And Who Works In These Jobs?, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth C. Truesdale

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


The National-Level Economic Impact Of The Manufacturing Extension Partnership (Mep): Estimates For Fiscal Year 2022, Brian Pittelko, Iryna V. Lendel, Kassim Mbwana, Kami Ehrich Mar 2023

The National-Level Economic Impact Of The Manufacturing Extension Partnership (Mep): Estimates For Fiscal Year 2022, Brian Pittelko, Iryna V. Lendel, Kassim Mbwana, Kami Ehrich

Reports

No abstract provided.


The Child And Dependent Care Credit: Unlike Trix, Not Just For Kids, Gabrielle Pepin, Yulya Truskinovsky Mar 2023

The Child And Dependent Care Credit: Unlike Trix, Not Just For Kids, Gabrielle Pepin, Yulya Truskinovsky

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


Not Just For Kids: Child And Dependent Care Credit Benefits For Adult Care, Gabrielle Pepin, Yulya Truskinovsky Mar 2023

Not Just For Kids: Child And Dependent Care Credit Benefits For Adult Care, Gabrielle Pepin, Yulya Truskinovsky

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

As the U.S. population ages, family caregivers face substantial out-of-pocket costs and financial risks while providing the majority of long-term care. The Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC), a tax credit based on income and care spending, subsidizes caregiving expenses but has low participation among adult caregivers. This paper evaluates the CDCC’s current structure, documenting its limited impact on reducing caregiving costs and examining reforms to increase its utility for adult caregivers. Simulations of proposed changes—higher benefits, refundability, and relaxed eligibility requirements—demonstrate potential to expand access and enhance support for family caregivers within the existing policy framework.


The Independent Contractor Workforce: New Evidence On Its Size And Composition And Ways To Improve Its Measurement In Household Surveys, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth Truesdale Feb 2023

The Independent Contractor Workforce: New Evidence On Its Size And Composition And Ways To Improve Its Measurement In Household Surveys, Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, Beth Truesdale

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Good data on the size and composition of the independent contractor workforce are elusive, with household survey and administrative tax data often disagreeing on levels and trends. We carried out a series of focus groups to learn how self-employed independent contractors speak about their work. Based on these findings, we designed and fielded a large-scale telephone survey to elicit more accurate and complete information on independent contractors, including those who may be coded incorrectly as employees in conventional household survey data and those who are independent contractors in a secondary work activity. We find that, upon probing, roughly one in …


Michigan Unemployment Insurance: Background For Planning Analysis, Christopher J. O'Leary Feb 2023

Michigan Unemployment Insurance: Background For Planning Analysis, Christopher J. O'Leary

Presentations

No abstract provided.


How Do Broad Non-Disclosure Agreements Affect Labor Markets?, Jason Sockin, Aaron Sojourner, Evan Starr Feb 2023

How Do Broad Non-Disclosure Agreements Affect Labor Markets?, Jason Sockin, Aaron Sojourner, Evan Starr

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


State Tax Strategies To Reduce Care Costs, Gabrielle Pepin Feb 2023

State Tax Strategies To Reduce Care Costs, Gabrielle Pepin

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Estimating The Effects Of The Ada Amendments Act On The Hiring And Termination Of Individuals With Disabilities, Using New Disability Categorizations, Patrick Button, Philip Armour, Simon Hollands Jan 2023

Estimating The Effects Of The Ada Amendments Act On The Hiring And Termination Of Individuals With Disabilities, Using New Disability Categorizations, Patrick Button, Philip Armour, Simon Hollands

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Disability discrimination laws are often used to potentially increase employment for individuals with disabilities. However, legal theory and empirical economics research do not provide conclusive answers as to how expansions in disability discrimination laws affect economic outcomes, namely hiring rates, for individuals with disabilities. We estimate the effect of the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) on employment transitions: hirings and terminations for individuals with disabilities relative to those without disabilities. To calculate employment transitions, we use data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We also use the SIPP to develop additional measures and categorizations of disability based on …


Aligning Kresa Efe/Cte Course Offerings With Local Business Needs: Results Of Two Studies, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research Jan 2023

Aligning Kresa Efe/Cte Course Offerings With Local Business Needs: Results Of Two Studies, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research

Reports

No abstract provided.


Unemployment Insurance: Fix It And Fund It, Christopher J. O'Leary, David E. Balducchi, Ralph E. Smith Jan 2023

Unemployment Insurance: Fix It And Fund It, Christopher J. O'Leary, David E. Balducchi, Ralph E. Smith

Upjohn Institute Policy Papers

During the 2020–2021 pandemic, the federal-state unemployment insurance (UI) system in the United States nearly reached the breaking point. The surge in joblessness was matched in history only by the Great Depression of the 1930s. Congress hurriedly crafted temporary pandemic benefit assistance programs to fill benefit and eligibility gaps in state-run UI programs, handing them off to capacity-starved state UI agencies that fitfully served millions of workers and employers. After years of policy neglect and contraction, state UI programs have low benefit recipiency, meager earnings replacement rates, and inadequate benefit financing. It is time for comprehensive federal UI reform legislation, …


Kalamazoo County Housing Plan, Emily Petz, Lee Adams, Gerrit Anderson, Dakota Mccracken, Brian Pittelko Dec 2022

Kalamazoo County Housing Plan, Emily Petz, Lee Adams, Gerrit Anderson, Dakota Mccracken, Brian Pittelko

Reports

A healthy housing continuum provides homes for those in a range of incomes or in different life situations. Kalamazoo County has a shortage of housing units at multiple price points. Low rates of construction, high construction costs, increased demand from a growing population, and housing costs that are increasing faster than wages have contributed to the shortage and affordability issues. Fortunately, many strategies are available to help alleviate some of the housing concerns found in the county. These strategies are most effective when community partners band together and implement them as a cohesive unit.


St. Joseph County 2021 Housing Plan, Molly Trueblood, Lee Adams, Gerrit Anderson, Southcentral Michigan Planning Council Dec 2022

St. Joseph County 2021 Housing Plan, Molly Trueblood, Lee Adams, Gerrit Anderson, Southcentral Michigan Planning Council

Reports

No abstract provided.


The Free College Handbook: A Practitioner’S Guide To Promise Research, Michelle Miller-Adams Co-Editor, Jennifer Iriti Co-Editor, Elizabeth Bell, Meredith S. Billings, Kathleen Bolter, Celeste Carruthers, Daniel Collier, Gresham D. Collom, Denisa Gándara, Douglas N. Harris, Brad J. Hershbein, Amy Li, Danielle Lowry, Lindsay C. Page, Bridget Timmeney Dec 2022

The Free College Handbook: A Practitioner’S Guide To Promise Research, Michelle Miller-Adams Co-Editor, Jennifer Iriti Co-Editor, Elizabeth Bell, Meredith S. Billings, Kathleen Bolter, Celeste Carruthers, Daniel Collier, Gresham D. Collom, Denisa Gándara, Douglas N. Harris, Brad J. Hershbein, Amy Li, Danielle Lowry, Lindsay C. Page, Bridget Timmeney

Reports

No abstract provided.


Montcalm And Ionia Counties Housing Plan, Emily Petz, Lee Adams, Gerrit Anderson, Dakota Mccracken, Brian Pittelko, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research Dec 2022

Montcalm And Ionia Counties Housing Plan, Emily Petz, Lee Adams, Gerrit Anderson, Dakota Mccracken, Brian Pittelko, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research

Reports

No abstract provided.


Housing Profiles, Emily Petz, Lee Adams, Gerrit Anderson, Brian Pittelko, Kathleen Bolter Dec 2022

Housing Profiles, Emily Petz, Lee Adams, Gerrit Anderson, Brian Pittelko, Kathleen Bolter

Reports

No abstract provided.


Salary History And Employer Demand: Evidence From A Two-Sided Audit, Amanda Agan, Bo Cowgill, Laura K. Gee Dec 2022

Salary History And Employer Demand: Evidence From A Two-Sided Audit, Amanda Agan, Bo Cowgill, Laura K. Gee

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We study how salary disclosures affect employer demand using a field experiment featuring hundreds of recruiters evaluating over 2,000 job applications. We randomize the presence of salary questions and the candidates’ disclosures for male and female applicants. Our findings suggest that extra dollars disclosed yield higher salary offers, willingness to pay, and perceptions of outside options by recruiters (all similarly for men and women). Recruiters make negative inferences about the quality and bargaining positions of non-disclosing candidates, though they penalize silent women less.


How Do Broad Non-Disclosure Agreements Affect Labor Markets?, Jason Sockin, Aaron Sojourner, Evan Starr Nov 2022

How Do Broad Non-Disclosure Agreements Affect Labor Markets?, Jason Sockin, Aaron Sojourner, Evan Starr

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


Are Retirement Planning Tools Substitutes Or Complements To Financial Capability?, Gopi Shah Goda, Matthew R. Levy, Colleen Flaherty Manchester, Aaron Sojourner, Joshua Tasoff, Jiusi Xiao Nov 2022

Are Retirement Planning Tools Substitutes Or Complements To Financial Capability?, Gopi Shah Goda, Matthew R. Levy, Colleen Flaherty Manchester, Aaron Sojourner, Joshua Tasoff, Jiusi Xiao

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We conduct a randomized controlled trial to understand how a web-based retirement saving calculator affects workers’ retirement-savings decisions. In both conditions, the calculator projects workers’ retirement income goals. In the treatment condition, it also projects retirement income based on defined-contribution savings, prominently displays the gap between projected goal and actual retirement income, and allows users to interactively explore how alternative, future contribution choices would affect the gap. The treatment increased average annual retirement contributions by $174 (2.3 percent). However, effects were larger for those with greater financial knowledge, suggesting this type of tool complements, rather than substitutes for, underlying financial …


Long-Term Care In The United States: History, Financing, And Directions For Reform, George A. (Sandy) Mackenzie Nov 2022

Long-Term Care In The United States: History, Financing, And Directions For Reform, George A. (Sandy) Mackenzie

Upjohn Press

This book is a concise survey of the development of U.S. long-term care and its financing, with comparisons with other rich countries. It also includes a brief comparative account of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and several other countries. The study finds much that is amiss with American long-term care and proposes three sets of progressively more ambitious reforms.


What Happens To Residents Evicted Under California’S Ellis Act?, Brian J. Asquith Nov 2022

What Happens To Residents Evicted Under California’S Ellis Act?, Brian J. Asquith

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.


The Effects Of An Ellis Act Eviction On Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Brian J. Asquith Nov 2022

The Effects Of An Ellis Act Eviction On Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Brian J. Asquith

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Rent-control advocates argue that its strongest feature is offering tenants strong protections from economic displacement. Nonetheless, rent control may have negative effects on tenants, as previous research has shown that these tenants have longer commutes and higher unemployment rates because they are incentivized to stay in place even after their location is no longer optimal. I study what happens to tenants when they are displaced from their rent-controlled apartments by exploiting a California law called the Ellis Act that allows landlords in Los Angeles and San Francisco to evict tenants even if they are lease-compliant, under the condition that all …


Bridging Research And Practice To Achieve Community Prosperity, Kathleen Bolter, Michelle Miller-Adams, Timothy J. Bartik, Brad J. Hershbein, Kyle Huisman, Bridget Timmeney, Brian J. Asquith, Gabrielle Pepin, Lee Adams, Jessica Brown, Gerrit Anderson, Allison Colosky Nov 2022

Bridging Research And Practice To Achieve Community Prosperity, Kathleen Bolter, Michelle Miller-Adams, Timothy J. Bartik, Brad J. Hershbein, Kyle Huisman, Bridget Timmeney, Brian J. Asquith, Gabrielle Pepin, Lee Adams, Jessica Brown, Gerrit Anderson, Allison Colosky

Reports

No abstract provided.