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W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research

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Articles 1351 - 1380 of 1455

Full-Text Articles in Economics

Efficient Bargains In The Context Of Recent Labor Market Experience And Policy, Robert A. Hart, Thomas Moutos Sep 1990

Efficient Bargains In The Context Of Recent Labor Market Experience And Policy, Robert A. Hart, Thomas Moutos

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In Europe in recent times, bargaining between a leading nationally-based industrial union and a representative group of employers over the issues of employment, wages and working time has proved to be influential in a much wider industrial context. Adopting a generalized Nash bargaining approach, this paper considers the possible effects on such "key" bargains of several prominent labor market events and policies experienced since the middle 1970s. These include the impacts of OPEC supply shocks, changes in union power, greater emphasis on payroll taxes as well as growing government economic orthodoxy as expressed through the goal of a balanced budget.

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Maximum Score Estimates Of The Determinants Of Residential Mobility: Implications For The Value Of Residential Attachment And Neighborhood Amenities, Timothy J. Bartik, J. S. Butler, Jin-Tan Liu Aug 1990

Maximum Score Estimates Of The Determinants Of Residential Mobility: Implications For The Value Of Residential Attachment And Neighborhood Amenities, Timothy J. Bartik, J. S. Butler, Jin-Tan Liu

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper examines the determinants of the decision of low-income renters to move out of their current dwelling. Maximum score estimation is shown to be superior to ordinary discrete choice estimation techniques (probit, logit) for this problem, and for similar discrete choices that require revering a previously optimal decision. The estimation reveals psychological costs from moving for typical low income renters of at least 8% of their income ; these costs are even higher for older, longer tenure, or minority households. Policies that displace low income renters will have large social costs. In addition, the estimation results are used to …

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Evaluation Criteria And Planning Guidelines For Employment Fund Programs In The Republic Of Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research Aug 1990

Evaluation Criteria And Planning Guidelines For Employment Fund Programs In The Republic Of Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research

Reports

No abstract provided.

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Interstate Differences In Employer Tax Costs And Worker Benefits Of Unemployment Insurance: A Micro-Simulation Approach, Timothy L. Hunt, Christopher J. O'Leary, Wei-Jang Huang Aug 1990

Interstate Differences In Employer Tax Costs And Worker Benefits Of Unemployment Insurance: A Micro-Simulation Approach, Timothy L. Hunt, Christopher J. O'Leary, Wei-Jang Huang

Reports

This study compares employer unemployment insurance (UI) tax costs and worker UI benefits across the 28 largest industrial states for 1988. The comparison is done using a detailed computerized micro-simulation model which computes the worker UI benefits and employer UI taxes for each state. Assumed characteristics of employers and employees are held constant across the states so that differences in UI costs and benefits among the states can be attributed entirely to differences in UI statutes. The principal findings of this study are: (1) the UI system can be modeled fruitfully at the firm level, (2) there are significant UI …

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The Displacement Effect Of Reemployment Bonus Programs, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury Jul 1990

The Displacement Effect Of Reemployment Bonus Programs, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper explores whether reemployment bonuses--cash payments made to insured unemployed workers who find reemployment quickly--have the unintended consequence of displacing workers who are not covered by the bonus program. We develop two partial equilibrium matching models of the labor market, patterned after the work of Diamond (1982), Mortensen (1982), and Pissarides (1984). In the first model, wages are assumed exogenous, in the second endogenous. In both, we find that the direct substitution of covered for uncovered workers (which constitutes displacement) is countered by two offsetting effects : a gross job creation effect, which results from the increased search effort …

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Dislocated Worker Human Capital Depreciation And Recovery, Kevin Hollenbeck May 1990

Dislocated Worker Human Capital Depreciation And Recovery, Kevin Hollenbeck

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Previous studies have estimated the "human capital depreciation" of women re-entering the work force after voluntary, lengthy interruptions. Those studies have found reduced real wages and furthermore the decrease is positively related to the length of the interruption. Upon re-entry, however, real wages grow rapidly as human capital is restored. This paper develops a model of the wage histories of dislocated workers. Similar to labor force re-entrants, those dislocated workers who become re-employed would experience wages below their final wage prior to dislocation and the decrease should be associated with the length of dislocation. However, the model suggests that since …

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Passing The Torch: The Influence Of Economic Incentives On Work And Retirement, Joseph F. Quinn, Richard V. Burkhauser, Daniel A. Myers Jan 1990

Passing The Torch: The Influence Of Economic Incentives On Work And Retirement, Joseph F. Quinn, Richard V. Burkhauser, Daniel A. Myers

Upjohn Press

This book summarizes research on individual retirement decisions and aggregate retirement trends. It also serves as an excellent reference source on the economics of retirement.

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The Economics Of Comparable Worth, Mark R. Killingsworth Jan 1990

The Economics Of Comparable Worth, Mark R. Killingsworth

Upjohn Press

Killingsworth provides a clear statement of the definitional and conceptual issues surrounding comparable worth as well as an examination of its actual and potential effects. He also shows how comparable worth might work in alternative labor market settings and provides evidence of the effects of the comparable worth measures implemented in San Jose, Calif., the State of Minnesota, and Australia.

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Back To Work: Testing Reemployment Services For Displaced Workers, Howard S. Bloom Jan 1990

Back To Work: Testing Reemployment Services For Displaced Workers, Howard S. Bloom

Upjohn Press

Bloom presents findings from the Texas Worker Adjustment Demonstration, a 2,192-person randomized experimental evaluation of reemployment programs for displaced workers conducted at three sites in Texas. This project demonstrated that a relatively inexpensive mix of job-search assistance and limited occupational skills training can be a cost-effective means of assisting displaced workers.

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Labor-Management Cooperation: New Partnerships Or Going In Circles?, William N. Cooke Jan 1990

Labor-Management Cooperation: New Partnerships Or Going In Circles?, William N. Cooke

Upjohn Press

Cooke answers important questions about labor-management cooperative efforts and addresses the problems undermining these efforts. His analyses are based on a variety of secondary data sources plus primary data from three nationwide surveys of plant managers, union leaders, and industry executives. Also included are several prescriptions for the success of labor-management cooperative efforts.

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Recent Developments In The Theory Of Involuntary Unemployment, Carl Davidson Jan 1990

Recent Developments In The Theory Of Involuntary Unemployment, Carl Davidson

Upjohn Press

This monograph provides a relatively nontechnical summary of the prominent theories of unemployment that have emerged since 1960: search, disequilibrium, implicit contracts, efficiency wage, and insider/outsider models. Davidson focuses on the overall purpose of each line of research, reviewing selected articles on each of the theories. He then offers clear descriptions that make the topics readily accessible to both students and nonspecialists.

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The Earned Income Tax Credit: Antipoverty Effectiveness And Labor Market Effects, Saul D. Hoffman, Laurence S. Seidman Jan 1990

The Earned Income Tax Credit: Antipoverty Effectiveness And Labor Market Effects, Saul D. Hoffman, Laurence S. Seidman

Upjohn Press

The authors begin with a detailed assessment then perform empirical analyses to predict the outcomes of changes to the structure of the program.

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Two-Tier Compensation Structures: Their Impact On Unions, Employers, And Employees, James Martin, Thomas D. Heetderks Jan 1990

Two-Tier Compensation Structures: Their Impact On Unions, Employers, And Employees, James Martin, Thomas D. Heetderks

Upjohn Press

Martin conducted a study at a large company where its various wage tier systems allowed assessment of the long-term impact of tiers. Part of this study included the development of a survey designed to explore eight research questions related to tiers and to test five hypotheses of low-tier v. high-tier employees.

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Evaluating Social Programs At The State And Local Level: The Jtpa Evaluation Design Project, Ann B. Blalock Editor Jan 1990

Evaluating Social Programs At The State And Local Level: The Jtpa Evaluation Design Project, Ann B. Blalock Editor

Upjohn Press

This book draws upon the JTPA Evaluation Design Project initiated, developed and directed by the Washington State Employment Security Department. The five essays offer practical, instructive guidance about planning and executing program evaluations.

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Does Training Work For Displaced Workers?: A Survey Of Existing Evidence, Duane E. Leigh Jan 1990

Does Training Work For Displaced Workers?: A Survey Of Existing Evidence, Duane E. Leigh

Upjohn Press

Leigh examines nine demonstration projects and operating programs to determine how well public retraining programs for displaced workers fulfill their roles.

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The Japanese Labor Market In A Comparative Perspective With The United States: A Transaction-Cost Interpretation, Masanori Hashimoto Jan 1990

The Japanese Labor Market In A Comparative Perspective With The United States: A Transaction-Cost Interpretation, Masanori Hashimoto

Upjohn Press

This study offers a comparative analysis of a number of Japanese labor market features in relation to the U.S. The author examines employer-employee attachment, workforce adjustment, and industrial relations including "unique" Japanese institutions such as joint consultation and consensus-based decision making. Hashimoto argues that cultural-traditional influences, which shape the transaction-cost environment, interacted with technological progress in shaping the various uniquely-Japanese labor market features.

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Unemployment Insurance Trust Fund Adequacy In The 1990'S, Wayne Vroman Jan 1990

Unemployment Insurance Trust Fund Adequacy In The 1990'S, Wayne Vroman

Upjohn Press

Vroman introduces a model-based approach to the study of UI financing. He creates simulations for several large states in order to examine a series of funding issues, and analyzes the performance of those state's systems. In addition, he presents the regional aspects of UI funding. Vroman concludes with a brief presentation of UI solvency prospects and a description of a possible federal role in enhancing UI fund solvency.

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An Econometric Analysis Of Unemployment Insurance Benefits Adequacy, Christopher J. O'Leary Jan 1990

An Econometric Analysis Of Unemployment Insurance Benefits Adequacy, Christopher J. O'Leary

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Traditionally studies of unemployment insurance benefit adequacy have relied on an expenditure survey. This is expensive, yields small samples, and presumes that the analyst knows which categories of expenditure are necessary. This paper uses an existing large data set, and an agnostic approach. Labor supply are equations are estimated on PSID data using an estimator which accounts for rationing in the labor market. The results are used to compute labor market constraint compensation for comparison to payments under UI systems of representative states. The results suggest that payments which meet the accepted standard of adequacy would usually slightly overcompensate individuals.

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The 1989 Economic Impact Of The Upjohn Company On Kalamazoo County, George A. Erickcek Jan 1990

The 1989 Economic Impact Of The Upjohn Company On Kalamazoo County, George A. Erickcek

Reports

No abstract provided.

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Current Economic Issues In Employee Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury Sep 1989

Current Economic Issues In Employee Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury

Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

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Intrastate Differences In Workers' Compensation Costs: October 1986 Closed Case Study, H. Allan Hunt, Leslie E. Lance Sep 1989

Intrastate Differences In Workers' Compensation Costs: October 1986 Closed Case Study, H. Allan Hunt, Leslie E. Lance

Reports

It is the goal of this study to present an empirical description of the Michigan workers' compensation system as of 1986 which will enable the comparison of the operation of the current system with the 1978 system in order to measure the impact of the policy changes implemented in the early 1980s.

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Experience Rating Of Unemployment Insurance In Michigan And Other States: A Microeconomic Comparison For 1988, Timothy L. Hunt, Christopher J. O'Leary Aug 1989

Experience Rating Of Unemployment Insurance In Michigan And Other States: A Microeconomic Comparison For 1988, Timothy L. Hunt, Christopher J. O'Leary

Reports

No abstract provided.

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Vag Trust Fund Adequacy, Christopher J. O'Leary Aug 1989

Vag Trust Fund Adequacy, Christopher J. O'Leary

Reports

No abstract provided.

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Assisting Displaced Workers: Do The States Have A Better Idea?, Duane E. Leigh Jan 1989

Assisting Displaced Workers: Do The States Have A Better Idea?, Duane E. Leigh

Upjohn Press

This work provides a comprehensive assessment of state initiatives designed to deal with worker displacement. Leigh considers quantitative and qualitative studies of state programs, evaluations of state- and federally-funded demonstration projects and pilot programs, and studies of the design and operation of foreign government programs.

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From One Job To The Next: Worker Adjustment In A Changing Labor Market, Adam Seitchik, Jeffrey Zornitsky Jan 1989

From One Job To The Next: Worker Adjustment In A Changing Labor Market, Adam Seitchik, Jeffrey Zornitsky

Upjohn Press

The authors discuss how the structure of job opportunities has changed over the last two decades; specifically the transfer of jobs from manufacturing to service industries. They then link these changes to issues of worker displacement policy and worker mobility.

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Strikers And Subsidies: The Influence Of Government Transfer Programs On Strike Activity, Robert M. Hutchens, David B. Lipsky, Robert N. Stern Jan 1989

Strikers And Subsidies: The Influence Of Government Transfer Programs On Strike Activity, Robert M. Hutchens, David B. Lipsky, Robert N. Stern

Upjohn Press

The authors assess laws governing striker eligibility for government transfers, finding evidence linking UI payments to strike activity.

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The Wage Carrot And The Pension Stick: Retirement Benefits And Labor Force Participation, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, David A. Wise Jan 1989

The Wage Carrot And The Pension Stick: Retirement Benefits And Labor Force Participation, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, David A. Wise

Upjohn Press

Kotlikoff and Wise document the continued backloading of pension benefits and the extent of retirement incentives by examining pension accrual in over 1,500 companies with defined benefit plans. They also perform a detailed analysis on the retirement plan of a "Fortune 500" company.

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Organized Labor At The Crossroads, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor Jan 1989

Organized Labor At The Crossroads, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor

Upjohn Press

This group of essays offers a detailed look at the problems, choices and future of industrial relations.

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The State Of Economic Science: Views Of Six Nobel Laureates, Werner Sichel Editor Jan 1989

The State Of Economic Science: Views Of Six Nobel Laureates, Werner Sichel Editor

Upjohn Press

Six distinguished Nobel Laureates offer their views on the current state of economic science in a thought-provoking yet straightforward set of essays.

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Unemployment, Vacancies And Local Labor Markets, Harry J. Holzer Jan 1989

Unemployment, Vacancies And Local Labor Markets, Harry J. Holzer

Upjohn Press

Unemployment rates in the U.S. vary considerably over time and across local areas. Economists have long been concerned with explaining these variations and have attempted to distinguish various components of unemployment to explain these variations in rates. Holzer uses firm-level data on job vacancies, sales growth, and wages within and across a group of 28 local labor markets to examine these issues.

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