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W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research

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Articles 1321 - 1350 of 1455

Full-Text Articles in Economics

Child Care And The Employment Behavior Of Single And Married Mothers, Jean Kimmel Nov 1992

Child Care And The Employment Behavior Of Single And Married Mothers, Jean Kimmel

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper examines the relationship between the cost of child care and the employment behavior of married and single mothers. The data used in this paper are from the 1987 SIPP, the first SIPP panel to utilize an improved probing of child care usage and expenditures. A primary contribution of this paper stems from the use of these improved child care data. A second contribution is to provide a clear comparison between single mothers and married mothers. A third contribution of this paper is its detailed discussion of participation elasticities, with a comparison of elasticities derived from different measures of …

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Employer Training Needs In Hawaii: Summary Report, Stephen A. Woodbury, University Of Hawaii At Manoa, Industrial Relations Center Nov 1992

Employer Training Needs In Hawaii: Summary Report, Stephen A. Woodbury, University Of Hawaii At Manoa, Industrial Relations Center

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The Survey of Employer Training Needs in Hawaii was undertaken to gather information and data on the needs and preferences of employers in Hawaii regarding government assistance with training. The need for such information was created by passage of Act 68, Session Laws of Hawaii 1991, which created the Hawaii Employment and Training Fund "to assist employers and workers through innovative programs to include, but not be limited to, business-specific training, upgrade training, new occupational skills, management skills, and support services to improve the long-term employability of Hawaii's people."

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The Ceo Council Retention Survey: Results Of 1992 Survey, George A. Erickcek, Norman Terry, Perry K. Wolfe Aug 1992

The Ceo Council Retention Survey: Results Of 1992 Survey, George A. Erickcek, Norman Terry, Perry K. Wolfe

Reports

No abstract provided.

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Workplace Education Programs In Small- And Medium-Sized Michigan Firms, Kevin Hollenbeck, William Anderson Aug 1992

Workplace Education Programs In Small- And Medium-Sized Michigan Firms, Kevin Hollenbeck, William Anderson

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper presents a systematic, baseline picture of workplace education programs in small and medium-sized businesses (less than 500 employees) in Michigan. Specifically, it addresses why some firms are offering and other firms are not offering workplace education programs, what are the characteristics of the programs being provided, and what are the impacts of these programs on firms and employees. The paper draws upon two data sources. Case studies of 28 Michigan businesses were undertaken between May 1991 and July 1992 and a combination mail/telephone survey of small businesses in Michigan was conducted in early 1992. The paper finds that …

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Moonlighting Behavior: Theory And Evidence, Karen Smith Conway, Jean Kimmel May 1992

Moonlighting Behavior: Theory And Evidence, Karen Smith Conway, Jean Kimmel

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Two labor supply issues that have received substantial attention are the responsiveness of labor supply to wage changes and the imposition of labor supply constraints. Adjusting hours worked on a second job may be the practical and perhaps only available response to either event yet, most labor supply studies only examine behavior on the primary job. Examining the motives for moonlighting provides evidence on both the wage-responsiveness of labor supply in general and the existence and consequences of labor supply constraints.

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Congressional Testimony On Helping The Long-Term Unemployed Before The House Committee On Ways And Means, Human Resources Subcommittee, Louis S. Jacobson Apr 1992

Congressional Testimony On Helping The Long-Term Unemployed Before The House Committee On Ways And Means, Human Resources Subcommittee, Louis S. Jacobson

Testimonies

No abstract provided.

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Postsecondary Education As Triage: Returns To Academic And Technical Programs, Kevin Hollenbeck Apr 1992

Postsecondary Education As Triage: Returns To Academic And Technical Programs, Kevin Hollenbeck

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper examines the labor market outcomes of individuals with various types of postsecondary educational experiences. In particular, it examines differences between students who have pursued technical education programs from those who have pursued academic programs and from those individuals who have not pursued any type of postsecondary education. Empirical evidence is presented concerning the relationship between economic outcomes and grades earned and the degree to which the labor market rewards credentials. Wage and earnings models yield different structural parameter estimates when based on the three different populations. The differences are most dramatic for high school background effects and for …

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Earnings Losses Of Displaced Workers, Louis S. Jacobson, Robert J. Lalonde, Daniel G. Sullivan Feb 1992

Earnings Losses Of Displaced Workers, Louis S. Jacobson, Robert J. Lalonde, Daniel G. Sullivan

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The 1990-1991 recession has intensified concerns about the consequences of workers' job losses. To estimate the magnitude and temporal pattern of displaced workers' earnings losses, we exploit an unusual administrative data set that includes both employees' quarterly earnings histories and information about their firms. We find that when high-tenure workers separate from distressed firms their long-term losses average 25 percent per year. Further, their losses mount even prior to separation, are not limited to workers in a few industrial sectors, and are substantial even for those who find new jobs in similar firms. This evidence suggests that displaced workers' earnings …

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Banking The Furnace: Restructuring Of The Steel Industry In Eight Countries, Trevor Bain Jan 1992

Banking The Furnace: Restructuring Of The Steel Industry In Eight Countries, Trevor Bain

Upjohn Press

Trevor Bain explores the industry restructurings that occurred in eight major steel-producing countries, including the U.S., Germany and Japan. He begins by categorizing each country as having either an adversarial or a cooperative industrial relations system, and then analyzes the differences in implementation strategies. He also determines who - employers, employees, or government - bore the cost of these adjustments and which industrial relations systems were more efficient in restructuring.

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Improving Access To Health Care: What Can The States Do?, John Henry Goddeeris Editor, Andrew J. Hogan Editor Jan 1992

Improving Access To Health Care: What Can The States Do?, John Henry Goddeeris Editor, Andrew J. Hogan Editor

Upjohn Press

Health care cost increases may seem under control but the issue of access remains a serious problem. This text features a dozen essays addressing that issue from the states' perspective.

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Wage And Employment Adjustment In Local Labor Markets, Randall W. Eberts, Joe Allan Stone Jan 1992

Wage And Employment Adjustment In Local Labor Markets, Randall W. Eberts, Joe Allan Stone

Upjohn Press

Eberts and Stone have created dynamic models of labor supply and demand behavior for metropolitan labor markets. They use these models to simulate wage, employment, and personal income responses to local economic change, including changes brought about by governmental policy.

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Job Accessibility And The Employment And School Enrollment Of Teenagers, Keith R. Ihlanfeldt Jan 1992

Job Accessibility And The Employment And School Enrollment Of Teenagers, Keith R. Ihlanfeldt

Upjohn Press

Ihlanfeldt presents data that strongly support the "spatial mismatch hypothesis" for the high unemployment rate of disadvantaged teens. This theory, which the author thoroughly outlines in this work, asserts that the suburbanization of low-skill jobs and continued housing market segregation have reduced the job opportunities of inner-city dwelling minorities. This book extends Ihlanfeldt's earlier work on spatial mismatch by incorporating school enrollment decisions and other urban factors into his analysis. Thus, he also demonstrates empirically that job access is related to the high school dropout problem and concludes that poor access to jobs is useful in explaining the relatively low …

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Excellence At Work: Policy Option Papers For The National Governors' Association, Evelyn Ganzglass Editor Jan 1992

Excellence At Work: Policy Option Papers For The National Governors' Association, Evelyn Ganzglass Editor

Upjohn Press

State-level initiatives are proposed that address key issues affecting the competitiveness of the U.S. economy.

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From Socialism To Market Economy: The Transition Problem, William Kern Jan 1992

From Socialism To Market Economy: The Transition Problem, William Kern

Upjohn Press

This group of essays examines the ongoing economic struggles experienced by former Soviet-bloc countries as they attempt to establish market-based economies.

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Wage Flexibility And Unemployment Dynamics In Regional Labor Markets, Thomas Hyclak, Geraint Johnes Jan 1992

Wage Flexibility And Unemployment Dynamics In Regional Labor Markets, Thomas Hyclak, Geraint Johnes

Upjohn Press

Hyclak and Johnes explore the extent to which wage rigidity differs across regional labor markets in the U.S. and how it affects the unemployment response to shifts in regional aggregate demand. They also look at the determinants of differences in wage rigidity across regional labor markets.

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The Washington Reemployment Bonus Experiment: Final Report, Robert G. Spiegelman, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline Jan 1992

The Washington Reemployment Bonus Experiment: Final Report, Robert G. Spiegelman, Christopher J. O'Leary, Kenneth J. Kline

External Papers and Reports

No abstract provided.

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The 1991 Economic Impact Of The Upjohn Company On Kalamazoo County, George A. Erickcek Jan 1992

The 1991 Economic Impact Of The Upjohn Company On Kalamazoo County, George A. Erickcek

Reports

No abstract provided.

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An Analysis Of Pooled Evidence From The Pennsylvania And Washington Reemployment Bonus Demonstrations, Paul T. Decker, Christopher J. O'Leary Dec 1991

An Analysis Of Pooled Evidence From The Pennsylvania And Washington Reemployment Bonus Demonstrations, Paul T. Decker, Christopher J. O'Leary

External Papers and Reports

No abstract provided.

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Workers' Compensation In British Columbia: An Administrative Inventory At A Time Of Transition, H. Allan Hunt, Peter S. Barth, Michael J. Leahy Nov 1991

Workers' Compensation In British Columbia: An Administrative Inventory At A Time Of Transition, H. Allan Hunt, Peter S. Barth, Michael J. Leahy

Reports

No abstract provided.

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Congressional Testimony On The Effectiveness Of Trade Adjustment Assistance And Suggestions For Improving The Program, Louis S. Jacobson Aug 1991

Congressional Testimony On The Effectiveness Of Trade Adjustment Assistance And Suggestions For Improving The Program, Louis S. Jacobson

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In this testimony, I will sketch key findings from research that I conducted with others, bearing on the justification and effectiveness of trade adjustment assistance. Most economists agree that protecting workers from the negative consequences of the North American Free Trade Agreement is appropriate, since we believe that a measure is unambiguously good only when some benefit, but no one is hurt. Thus, my central policy conclusion is that the combination of UI and TAA does a good job in protecting the majority of trade impacted workers. But available funds would be better spent by helping dislocated workers find jobs, …

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Effects Of A Reemployment Bonus Under Differing Benefit Entitlements, Or, Why The Illinois Experiment Worked, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury Mar 1991

Effects Of A Reemployment Bonus Under Differing Benefit Entitlements, Or, Why The Illinois Experiment Worked, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury

Conference Papers

Fifty-eight percent of the workers enrolled in the Illinois Claimant Bonus experiment were eligible for 38 weeks of Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefits--26 weeks of state-regular benefits plus 12 weeks of Federal Supplemental Compensation (FSC). The other 42 percent were eligible for only 26 weeks of state-regular UI benefits. We find that the Claimant Bonus treatment--an offer of $500 in cash for rapid reemployment--reduced the duration of insured unemployment by about 1.8 weeks for workers who were eligible for 38 weeks of UI benefits, but by only about 0.75 week for the workers who were eligible for 26 weeks of UI. …

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The Effects Of Metropolitan Job Growth On The Size Distribution Of Family Income, Timothy J. Bartik Mar 1991

The Effects Of Metropolitan Job Growth On The Size Distribution Of Family Income, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper examines how a metropolitan area's job growth affects its income distribution. The research uses annual Current Population Survey data on the income distribution in different metropolitan areas from 1979 through 1988. Faster metropolitan job growth increases real family income in the lowest income quintile by a significantly greater percentage than for the average family. Metropolitan job growth also increases the value of property owned by upper income quintiles, but property value effects are not large enough to offset the progressive effects of growth on labor income. Simulations indicate that economic development programs to increase metropolitan job growth will …

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Testimony On The Effectiveness Of The Employment Service In Aiding Ui Claimants Before The House Committee On Ways And Means Human Resources Subcommittee, Louis S. Jacobson Feb 1991

Testimony On The Effectiveness Of The Employment Service In Aiding Ui Claimants Before The House Committee On Ways And Means Human Resources Subcommittee, Louis S. Jacobson

Testimonies

No abstract provided.

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Congressional Testimony On The Effectiveness Of The Employment Service In Aiding Ui Claimants, Louis S. Jacobson Feb 1991

Congressional Testimony On The Effectiveness Of The Employment Service In Aiding Ui Claimants, Louis S. Jacobson

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This testimony describes the results of a study of the Employment Service (ES) conducted by Dr. Jacobson and Prof. Arnold Katz of the University of Pittsburgh using data on over 100,000 individuals who registered with the Pennsylvania ES between 1978 and 1987, and an even larger sample of non-registrants. One major finding is that much of the decline in the ES's performance over the past thirty years can be explained by changes in: funding, characteristics of registrants, and characteristics of job vacancies. Thus, we concluded that criticism of the ES often ignores changes in crucial factors outside of the ES's …

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The Employment And Earnings Impacts Of The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, Kevin Hollenbeck, Richard J. Willke Feb 1991

The Employment And Earnings Impacts Of The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, Kevin Hollenbeck, Richard J. Willke

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit (TJTC) is intended to stimulate the employment of individuals who are members of certain groups of the labor force by providing a wage subsidy (in the form of a tax credit) to employers of recently-hired eligible workers. This intervention into the labor market has direct and indirect earnings and employment consequences for both eligible and ineligible individuals. The paper evaluates the impacts of TJTC by using a treatment and comparison group methodology. Corrections for nonrandom selection are undertaken. The primary sources of data are state quarterly wage record data from the Unemployment Insurance system and …

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Who Benefits From State And Local Economic Development Policies?, Timothy J. Bartik Jan 1991

Who Benefits From State And Local Economic Development Policies?, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Press

Bartik reviews evidence on whether state and local policies affect job growth. He then presents empirical data supporting the intentions of such programs, showing that job growth may lead to a number of positive long-term effects including: lower unemployment, higher labor force participation, higher real estate values, and better occupational opportunities. He also shows that the earnings gains to disadvantaged groups outweigh the resulting increased real estate values for property owners, and concludes by saying that regional competition for jobs may actually be a benefit for the nation as a whole.

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The Tax Treatment Of Fringe Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury, Wei-Jang Huang Jan 1991

The Tax Treatment Of Fringe Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury, Wei-Jang Huang

Upjohn Press

Woodbury and Huang use econometric models to investigate how changes in the tax treatment of fringe benefits can be expected to influence the level of benefits and compensation provided by employers, federal revenues, and income inequality.

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Essays On The Economics Of Discrimination, Emily P. Hoffman Editor Jan 1991

Essays On The Economics Of Discrimination, Emily P. Hoffman Editor

Upjohn Press

This book explores the effects of discrimination on the economic outcomes of various societal groups.

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Labor Unions And The Economic Performance Of Firms, Barry T. Hirsch Jan 1991

Labor Unions And The Economic Performance Of Firms, Barry T. Hirsch

Upjohn Press

Hirsch develops a model of union rent-seeking in which the unions capture a share of quasi-rents that make up the normal ROI in long-lived capital and R&D. He finds that in response, firms adjust their investments in vulnerable tangible and intangible capital. Hirsch also attempts to explain the connection between the contraction of the size of unions which occurred in the 1970s and firms' lower profitability, diminished market value, and lower investment levels.

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The 1990 Economic Impact Of The Upjohn Company On Kalamazoo County, George A. Erickcek Jan 1991

The 1990 Economic Impact Of The Upjohn Company On Kalamazoo County, George A. Erickcek

Reports

No abstract provided.

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