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W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research

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Articles 1051 - 1080 of 1455

Full-Text Articles in Economics

Bargaining For Competitiveness: Law, Research, And Case Studies, Richard N. Block Editor Jan 2003

Bargaining For Competitiveness: Law, Research, And Case Studies, Richard N. Block Editor

Upjohn Press

This book offers an analysis of the relationship among collective bargaining, firm competitiveness, and employment protections and creation in the United States. The contributors provide an overview of the legal framework and the economic and industrial relations research on collective bargaining, competitiveness, and employment, then follow with four case studies that provide insights into the process of collective bargaining and its current status in the evolving U.S. labor-management system.

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The Economics Of Risk, Donald J. Meyer Editor Jan 2003

The Economics Of Risk, Donald J. Meyer Editor

Upjohn Press

This collection offers an economics-based overview of the various facets of risk. It contains six papers that examine a broad array of research relating to risk. Two papers examine risk management and its application to decision making as well as what researchers have learned over the past few decades in their theoretical investigations of risk. The remaining chapters examine how risk plays out in the particular markets in which it has a significant presence, including casino gambling enterprises, agricultural markets, auctions, and health insurance.

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The Decline In Employment Of People With Disabilities: A Policy Puzzle, David C. Stapleton Editor, Richard V. Burkhauser Editor Jan 2003

The Decline In Employment Of People With Disabilities: A Policy Puzzle, David C. Stapleton Editor, Richard V. Burkhauser Editor

Upjohn Press

The book begins with a documentation of the employment rate decline and ends by spelling out the implications of this decline for public policy. However, the bulk of the book provides a detailed examination of the various explanations for the puzzling decline in employment among the working-aged population with disabilities.

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Workplace Education For Low-Wage Workers, Amanda L. Ahlstrand, Laurie J. Bassi, Daniel P. Mcmurrer Jan 2003

Workplace Education For Low-Wage Workers, Amanda L. Ahlstrand, Laurie J. Bassi, Daniel P. Mcmurrer

Upjohn Press

This study reports on employers' practices and decision-making procedures with regards to workplace education and training for low-wage workers.

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The Labor Market Experience Of Workers With Disabilities: The Ada And Beyond, Julie L. Hotchkiss Jan 2003

The Labor Market Experience Of Workers With Disabilities: The Ada And Beyond, Julie L. Hotchkiss

Upjohn Press

This book focuses on the labor market provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). It provides a comprehensive analysis of the current labor market experience of American workers with disabilities and an assessment of the impact the ADA has had on that experience.

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Human Capital In The United States From 1975 To 2000: Patterns Of Growth And Utilization, Robert H. Haveman, Andrew Bershadker, Jonathan A. Schwabish Jan 2003

Human Capital In The United States From 1975 To 2000: Patterns Of Growth And Utilization, Robert H. Haveman, Andrew Bershadker, Jonathan A. Schwabish

Upjohn Press

This study enhances the existing measures of the nation’s human capital and the extent to which that capital is utilized. Haveman, Bershadker, and Schwabish develop an indicator of the value of the human capital stock held by the nation’s working-age population called Earnings Capacity (EC), and use it to study the time trends in aggregate human capital in the United States and human capital per worker. They also use EC to evaluate utilization of the nation’s human capital stock, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of the EC indicator in measuring the size and strength of the U.S. economy.

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Local Economic Development Policies, Timothy J. Bartik Jan 2003

Local Economic Development Policies, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This chapter seeks to provide useful advice for local government policy towards economic development programs. The chapter: reviews the size and scope of local economic development programs in the United States; critically analyzes the various rationales offered for these programs; makes recommendations for what local policy should do about business attraction and incentives, business retention, new business development, high technology development, brownfield development, distressed neighborhoods, and downtowns; and discusses how local economic development programs should be organized, managed, and evaluated.

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Office Workers' Productivity Enhanced By Ergonomics, Kelly Derango Jan 2003

Office Workers' Productivity Enhanced By Ergonomics, Kelly Derango

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Temporary Agency Employment In Tight Labor Markets, Susan N. Houseman, Arne L. Kalleberg, George A. Erickcek Jan 2003

The Role Of Temporary Agency Employment In Tight Labor Markets, Susan N. Houseman, Arne L. Kalleberg, George A. Erickcek

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper examines the reasons why employers used and even increased their use of temporary help agencies during the tight labor markets of the 1990s. Based on case study evidence from the hospital and auto supply industries, we evaluate various hypotheses for this phenomenon. In high-skilled occupations, our results are consistent with the view that employers paid substantially more to agency help to avoid raising wages for their regular workers and to fill vacancies while they recruited workers for permanent positions. In low-skilled occupations, our evidence suggests that temporary help agencies facilitated the use of more "risky" workers by lowering …

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Comments On: Procedure For Profiling Unemployed Citizens In Russia, Christopher J. O'Leary Dec 2002

Comments On: Procedure For Profiling Unemployed Citizens In Russia, Christopher J. O'Leary

Reports

No abstract provided.

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Do Temporary Help Jobs Improve Labor Market Outcomes? A Pilot Analysis With Welfare Clients, David H. Autor, Susan N. Houseman Dec 2002

Do Temporary Help Jobs Improve Labor Market Outcomes? A Pilot Analysis With Welfare Clients, David H. Autor, Susan N. Houseman

Reports

We draw upon administrative data from an unusual policy experiment in the state of Michigan to study the effects of temporary agency employment among welfare-to-work clients on job retention, program recidivism, and earnings. To identify these effects, we exploit the fact that welfare-to-work clients in one Michigan county were randomly assigned to service providers who had substantially different placement rates in temporary agencies but otherwise similar policies. Our findings indicate that moving welfare clients who otherwise would have been unemployed into temporary agency jobs provides some benefits to these workers, primarily by increasing their short-term earnings. Temporary agency jobs also …

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Job Reallocation And Productivity Growth Under Alternative Economic Systems And Policies: Evidence From The Soviet Transition, J. David Brown, John S. Earle Dec 2002

Job Reallocation And Productivity Growth Under Alternative Economic Systems And Policies: Evidence From The Soviet Transition, J. David Brown, John S. Earle

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

How do economic policies and institutions affect job reallocation processes and their consequences for productivity growth? This paper studies the extreme case of economic system change and alternative transitional policies in the former Soviet Republics of Russia and Ukraine. Exploiting annual industrial census data from 1985 to 2000, we find that Soviet Russia displayed job flow behavior quite different from market economies, with very low rates of job reallocation that bore little relationship to relative productivity across firms and sectors. Since liberalization began, the pace, heterogeneity, and productivity effects of job flows have increased substantially. The increases occurred more quickly …

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Evaluating The Impacts Of Local Economic Development Policies On Local Economic Outcomes: What Has Been Done And What Is Doable?, Timothy J. Bartik Nov 2002

Evaluating The Impacts Of Local Economic Development Policies On Local Economic Outcomes: What Has Been Done And What Is Doable?, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper argues that more rigorous evaluations of local economic development policies are feasible. Programs that aid selected small firms can be rigorously evaluated using an experimental approach, without excluding firms from assistance, by randomly assigning some firms to receive more intense marketing efforts by the program. Programs that aid distressed local areas can be rigorously evaluated by random assignment of the program among eligible distressed areas. If an experiment cannot be done, a variety of statistical approaches can be used to compare firms or areas that use the program with comparison groups of firms or areas that do not …

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Washington's Workforce Development System Pays Off, Kevin Hollenbeck Oct 2002

Washington's Workforce Development System Pays Off, Kevin Hollenbeck

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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The Effectiveness Of State Enterprise Zones, Alan H. Peters, Peter S. Fisher Oct 2002

The Effectiveness Of State Enterprise Zones, Alan H. Peters, Peter S. Fisher

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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Income Replacement And Reemployment Programs In Michigan And Neighboring States, Stephen A. Woodbury Oct 2002

Income Replacement And Reemployment Programs In Michigan And Neighboring States, Stephen A. Woodbury

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Governments in every developed industrial economy administer programs that partially replace the earnings of workers who suffer job loss or on-the-job injury. In addition, governments administer programs to help job losers gain reemployment, either through direct job placement (for those who are job-ready) or through retraining (for those who are not). This chapter describes and discusses current policy issues surrounding the main social insurance and reemployment programs in Michigan: Unemployment Insurance (UI), which partially replaces lost earnings following loss of a job; Workers' Compensation (WC), which pays for medical treatment, vocational rehabilitation, and lost earnings following a work-related injury or …

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Economic Analysis Of The Calhoun County Economy: What Needs To Be Done For The Future? Final Report, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts Aug 2002

Economic Analysis Of The Calhoun County Economy: What Needs To Be Done For The Future? Final Report, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts

Reports

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Temporary Services And Contracting Out On Low-Skilled Workers: Evidence From Auto Suppliers, Hospitals, And Public Schools, George A. Erickcek, Susan N. Houseman, Arne L. Kalleberg Jul 2002

The Effects Of Temporary Services And Contracting Out On Low-Skilled Workers: Evidence From Auto Suppliers, Hospitals, And Public Schools, George A. Erickcek, Susan N. Houseman, Arne L. Kalleberg

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We examine why employers use temporary agency and contract company workers and the implications of these practices for the wages, benefits, and working conditions of workers in low-skilled labor markets. Through intensive case studies in manufacturing (automotive supply), services (hospitals), and public sector (primary and secondary schools) industries, we define the circumstances under which these workers are likely to be adversely affected, minimally affected, or even benefited by such outsourcing. Adverse effects on compensation are clearest when companies substitute agency temporaries or contract company workers for regular employees on a long-term basis because low-skilled workers within the organization receive relatively …

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Temporary Services And Contracting Out: Effects On Low-Skilled Workers, Susan N. Houseman, George A. Erickcek Jul 2002

Temporary Services And Contracting Out: Effects On Low-Skilled Workers, Susan N. Houseman, George A. Erickcek

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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Evaluating Labor Market Performance: Employment Reallocation And Productivity Growth In Russia, John S. Earle Jul 2002

Evaluating Labor Market Performance: Employment Reallocation And Productivity Growth In Russia, John S. Earle

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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A Frontline Decision Support System For Georgia Career Centers, Randall W. Eberts, Christopher J. O'Leary Jul 2002

A Frontline Decision Support System For Georgia Career Centers, Randall W. Eberts, Christopher J. O'Leary

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of 1998 emphasizes the integration and coordination of employment services. Central to achieving this aim is the federal requirement that local areas receiving WIA funding must establish one-stop centers, where providers of various employment services within a local labor market are assembled in one location. A major challenge facing staff in these centers is the expected large volume of customers resulting from relaxed program eligibility rules. Nonetheless, resources for assessment and counseling are limited. To help frontline staff in one-stop centers quickly assess customer needs and properly target services, the U.S. Department of Labor has …

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Unemployment Insurance Overpayments And Underpayments, Stephen A. Woodbury Jun 2002

Unemployment Insurance Overpayments And Underpayments, Stephen A. Woodbury

Testimonies

No abstract provided.

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Economic Impact Of Pharmacia On Kalamazoo County In 2001, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts Apr 2002

Economic Impact Of Pharmacia On Kalamazoo County In 2001, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts

Reports

No abstract provided.

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Active Labor Market Programs: Conceptual Framework, Christopher J. O'Leary Apr 2002

Active Labor Market Programs: Conceptual Framework, Christopher J. O'Leary

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.

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Can Temporary Employment Scar Your Future Earnings? Wage Mobility By Type Of Work Contract In Spain, Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Ricardo Serrano-Padial Apr 2002

Can Temporary Employment Scar Your Future Earnings? Wage Mobility By Type Of Work Contract In Spain, Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Ricardo Serrano-Padial

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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Living Wages And Local Governments, Timothy J. Bartik Apr 2002

Living Wages And Local Governments, Timothy J. Bartik

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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Instrumental Variable Estimates Of The Labor Market Spillover Effects Of Welfare Reform, Timothy J. Bartik Apr 2002

Instrumental Variable Estimates Of The Labor Market Spillover Effects Of Welfare Reform, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

By increasing the labor supply of welfare recipients, welfare reform may reduce wages and increase unemployment among other less-educated groups. These "spillover effects" are difficult to estimate because welfare caseloads decrease in response to improvements in the economy, which leads caseload reductions to be associated with improvements in labor market outcomes. This paper corrects for the endogeneity of caseloads by using instruments that reflect policy. The estimates suggest that welfare reform has significant spillover effects: welfare reform reduces employment of male high school dropouts, and reduces wages of single mothers and male high school dropouts.

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Design, Implementation, And Evaluation Of The Work First Profiling Pilot Project, Randall W. Eberts Mar 2002

Design, Implementation, And Evaluation Of The Work First Profiling Pilot Project, Randall W. Eberts

External Papers and Reports

This report describes a new assessment and referral system that was designed to assist local welfare-to-work program staff in targeting employment services more effectively in order to help welfare recipients find jobs. The motivation for the development of this system was the potential effects of targeting services to meet the specific needs of customers. The system is based on statistical methods and uses administrative data typically collected by welfare-to-work agencies. The Kalamazoo-St. Joseph Workforce Development Board piloted the new system by integrating it within the existing Work First program that it administers for the local workforce development area. The pilot …

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Thinking About Local Living Wage Requirements, Timothy J. Bartik Mar 2002

Thinking About Local Living Wage Requirements, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper reviews what we currently know about the benefits and costs of different varieties of a "living wage": a local government requirement, now adopted by over 50 local governments, for wages above the federal minimum imposed on employers with some financial link to the local government. The review includes economic theory, empirical research on local labor markets, and empirical research on the living wage. The paper concludes that moderate living wage requirements applied to the local government's own employees, and contractors' and grantees' employees who are funded by the local government, may do more good than harm. Excessive living …

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How Late To Pay? Understanding Wage Arrears In Russia, John S. Earle, Klara Sabirianova Peter Mar 2002

How Late To Pay? Understanding Wage Arrears In Russia, John S. Earle, Klara Sabirianova Peter

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We organize an empirical analysis of Russian wage arrears around hypotheses concerning factors that create incentives for firms to pay late and for workers to tolerate late payment, both reinforced by a prevalent environment of overdue wages. Our analysis draws upon nationally representative household panel data matched with employer data to show substantial interfirm variation with the probability of arrears positively related to firm age, size, state ownership, and declining performance. Estimation of a constrained multinomial logit model also reveals intrafirm, variation related to job tenure and small shareholdings in the firm. Workers tend to have higher arrears in rural …

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