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Articles 91 - 120 of 451
Full-Text Articles in Economics
Take Me Out To The Ball Game? The Effect Of Crime On Major League Baseball Game Attendance, Allison Jakubek
Take Me Out To The Ball Game? The Effect Of Crime On Major League Baseball Game Attendance, Allison Jakubek
Undergraduate Economic Review
Major League Baseball attendance has been examined since the league’s establishment in 1869. Winning percentage, opponent quality, and stadium quality have all been deemed significant determinants of increasing attendance, but deterring factors have yet to be closely examined. Since a majority of professional sports stadiums are constructed in economically poor, crime ridden areas, it seems natural to assume that crime could have an impact on people’s desire to attend Major League Baseball games. Panel data collected on twenty-eight teams over the course of ten years was used to determine whether or not crime rates have a significant effect on attendance.
Georgetown’S First Six Moocs: Completion, Intention, And Gender Achievement Gaps, Paul A. Healy
Georgetown’S First Six Moocs: Completion, Intention, And Gender Achievement Gaps, Paul A. Healy
Undergraduate Economic Review
This analysis of Georgetown’s first six MOOCs (massive open online courses) comprises three parts, moving from general to specific in scope. I begin with a discussion of demographic factors across all six courses, seeking to answer the following question: “Who takes, and succeeds in these courses?” Next, I discuss the relationship between stated intention and course performance with survey data from a pre-course survey for Georgetown’s very first MOOC, an economics course. I end by examining the gender achievement gap in the same economics course.
Obamacare And The Fight Against Income Inequality, Perry T. Mindo Jr
Obamacare And The Fight Against Income Inequality, Perry T. Mindo Jr
Undergraduate Economic Review
In this paper, we analyze the Affordable Care Act to determine the magnitude and significance of its effects on income inequality in America. Specifically, we find that the ACA decreased the Gini coefficient by 0.67% and reduced the share of income held by the top 20 percent of income earners by 0.67% over the time period of our study. Furthermore, we estimate that the ACA accounts for a redistribution of approximately $13 billion from the top 20 percent of income earners to the bottom 80 percent of income earners.
Rethinking Formalization Of Zimbabwe's Informal Sector, Nixon S. Chekenya Mr
Rethinking Formalization Of Zimbabwe's Informal Sector, Nixon S. Chekenya Mr
Undergraduate Economic Review
The notion of formalizing the informal sector in Zimbabwe is not new however; this paper asserts that although much is known on the subject, considerably little seems to be understood. This paper uses an extended literature review to characterize the identification of informality and explores the different approaches to formalizing informal activities. Furthermore, the concepts are contextualized to Zimbabwe’s environment as a way of articulating the reality of available options that may be integrated into the transition process. It emerges that there is diversity of circumstances in rural and urban settings, economic sectors, occupations and national contexts. In this regard, …
Investigating A Modern Midwestern Crisis: The Economy And Opioid Overdose Death In Ohio, Anna M. Gagliardo
Investigating A Modern Midwestern Crisis: The Economy And Opioid Overdose Death In Ohio, Anna M. Gagliardo
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper examines the effect of local economic factors on the amount of opioid overdose deaths across counties in Ohio. Ohio leads the nation in opioid overdose deaths. The data examined spans all 88 counties of Ohio and compares 2009 and 2013 data, relying predominantly on Ohio Department of Health and US Census American Community Survey data. Using two linear regression models, I demonstrate that there is a significant correlation between insured rates and opioid overdose deaths in 2009 as well as a significant correlation between poverty rates and opioid overdose death rates in Ohio in 2013. Additionally, I show …
Local Union Strength’S Effects On Individual Employment Outcomes, Brianna J. Rippin
Local Union Strength’S Effects On Individual Employment Outcomes, Brianna J. Rippin
Undergraduate Economic Review
This cross-sectional analysis of employment in the 50 U.S. States during the years 2003-2012 provides evidence that increased local union strength does significantly diminish an individual’s hours worked. The multivariate OLS regression estimation reveals that the negative effect of union strength is dwarfed by the effects of proxies for worker quality such as one’s age, sex, and education level. However, union strength effects are found to be stronger than local economic trends. This research indicates that individual factors are the most important determinant of one’s employment outcomes as they are most indicative of productivity.
Fossil Fuels, Development And Aid: Should More Be Done To Help?, Jacob M. Walker
Fossil Fuels, Development And Aid: Should More Be Done To Help?, Jacob M. Walker
Undergraduate Economic Review
Previous works have demonstrated that developing nations rich in fossil fuels typically suffer from lower levels of economic growth than nations without them. Increased foreign aid in these countries could potentially reverse their misfortunes and improve their overall welfare. Three indicators were selected in this study to gauge national welfare; economic growth, improvements in national institutions and changes in life expectancy over time. Using a dataset of more than 100 nations collected from 1983-2010, however, I found foreign aid to have nearly zero effect on any of these measurements of national welfare within fossil fuel rich nations.
Preferences Among Mlb Fans: What Factors Affect Jersey Sales?, Gabe R. Dewerff
Preferences Among Mlb Fans: What Factors Affect Jersey Sales?, Gabe R. Dewerff
Undergraduate Economic Review
Skin tone has been shown to impact the number of jerseys a player sells in the NBA, so we wanted to determine if the same was true in Major League Baseball. In addition, we also determined what other factors affected a player’s jersey sale ranking. Our findings show that unlike in the NBA, MLB jersey sales are unaffected by a player’s skin tone. However, certain player statistics do cause a player to move up or down the jersey sale rankings.
Is Google Search Behavior Related To Volatility? Incorporating Google Trends Data Into A Garch Model For Equity Volatility, Timothy De Silva
Is Google Search Behavior Related To Volatility? Incorporating Google Trends Data Into A Garch Model For Equity Volatility, Timothy De Silva
Undergraduate Economic Review
Intuitively, one would expect that internet search volume would contain valuable information about investor sentiment for a company. With the development of new data sources, such as Google Trends, this relationship can be more easily and objectively examined. This paper seeks to examine the relationship between a company’s stock price volatility and its Google search volume. A small cross-section of twenty companies is considered, and the goal of this paper is to demonstrate the power of Google Trends data in hope of initiating further research. Using a conventional GARCH framework for financial market volatility, an economically and statistically significant contemporaneous …
The Importance Of Profitability In Determining Volatility Across Industries With Different Debt Levels, Timothy De Silva
The Importance Of Profitability In Determining Volatility Across Industries With Different Debt Levels, Timothy De Silva
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper seeks to investigate the relationship between debt and volatility. No consensus currently exists on the effects of financial leverage on stock volatility. With the increased use of complex financial derivatives in recent decades, the importance of understanding the factors that influence volatility has become extremely important. By looking at a cross-section of industries, this paper demonstrates how the importance of profitability for explaining volatility changes depending on industry debt levels, which are endogenous and depend on industry characteristics.
The Payoff Of A Healthy Lifestyle While In College, Richard D. Angeletti Iii
The Payoff Of A Healthy Lifestyle While In College, Richard D. Angeletti Iii
Undergraduate Economic Review
This study analyzes the effect that an individual’s body mass index (BMI) has on their hourly compensation in their next job directly following attainment of their bachelor degree. This study uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth that started in 1997. This study aligned all the survey participants’ timeline of life events to be coordinated in such a way that bachelor degree attainment, regardless of year, is the common reference point. Sufficient observation of bachelor degree receipts was found in the year 2001 through 2007 resulting in a pooled data set across seven years. This study hypothesizes that individuals with …
The Relationship Between Educational And Demographic Characteristics Of Vietnamese Chairpersons And The Performance Of Their Firms, Thanh Vu, Michael Seeborg, Faculty Advisor
The Relationship Between Educational And Demographic Characteristics Of Vietnamese Chairpersons And The Performance Of Their Firms, Thanh Vu, Michael Seeborg, Faculty Advisor
John Wesley Powell Student Research Conference
No abstract provided.
Who Is Better Off?: An Empirical Analysis Of How Sibship Effects Earnings, Cassidy Elgeness, Robert Leekley, Faculty Advisor
Who Is Better Off?: An Empirical Analysis Of How Sibship Effects Earnings, Cassidy Elgeness, Robert Leekley, Faculty Advisor
John Wesley Powell Student Research Conference
No abstract provided.
Modelling Public-Education Spending Vs. Allocation As Independent Factors Of Educational Outcomes, Kevin Tasley
Modelling Public-Education Spending Vs. Allocation As Independent Factors Of Educational Outcomes, Kevin Tasley
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper explores and expands upon the work of Hanushek and Wößmann (2007) whose accumulated findings propose increased educational spending provides only marginal returns in terms of student’s cognitive outcomes. This study constructs an OLS regression model to explore the significance of U.S. state education spending and financial allocations as independent factors of state-level average ACT scores over a 10-year time series. The model additionally accounts for self-selection and socio-economic status. The results of this study support Hanushek and Wößmann’s conclusions while also demonstrating evidence that shifts in allocations towards instructional spending, as opposed to increasing total expenditures, could have …
Refugees In The United States: Are They Worse Off?, Lily Chang
Refugees In The United States: Are They Worse Off?, Lily Chang
Mark A. Israel '91 Endowed Summer Research Fund in Economics
This paper aims to investigate how refugees perform in the US labor market in relation to economic immigrants and natives. Drawing from conclusions from human capital and discrimination theories, I hypothesize that compared to economic immigrants and natives, refugees are more likely to be disadvantaged in the US upon their arrival. For example, refugees often have less time and fewer resources to acquire desirable US-specific labor skills prior to their entry and may face taste-based and statistical discrimination from employers after they arrive. However, over time assimilation would occur for refugees as they obtain more US-specific human capital, such as …
Education And Economic Dominance, Daniil Kashkarov
Education And Economic Dominance, Daniil Kashkarov
Undergraduate Economic Review
The paper examines the role of national education in achieving leading positions in global economic relations. Theoretical part uses stock of knowledge accumulated by scholars in the sphere related to human capital. Empirical part uses logistic regressions in order to test for relationship between global economic dominance and national education. Membership in the G20 is used in the models as a dependent categorical variable indicating the fact of the worldwide leadership. The models indicate that human capital and its educational part have statistically significant influence on the probability of becoming worldwide economic leader.
The Economic Efficacy Of Reintegration Assistance For Former Child Soldiers, Jonathan B. Kaufmann
The Economic Efficacy Of Reintegration Assistance For Former Child Soldiers, Jonathan B. Kaufmann
Undergraduate Economic Review
There is no consensus among scholars on the efficacy of reintegration assistance programs, including how their services affect reintegration outcomes. This research is the first statistical analysis of the economic impacts of reintegration assistance for former child soldiers. Several regression analyses were performed to determine the effect of reintegration assistance on earnings and social capital. The results indicate that no statistically significant relationship exists between reintegration assistance and earnings or social capital. Conversely, societal interventions such as increasing access to education and promoting traditional cleansing ceremonies were effective.
Significance And Impacts Of The Tripartite Free Trade Area – A Qualitative Assessment, Sambath Jayapregasham
Significance And Impacts Of The Tripartite Free Trade Area – A Qualitative Assessment, Sambath Jayapregasham
Undergraduate Economic Review
The Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA) has been driven by a need for improved growth in African countries following their respective independence. Since then, member nations have been seeking new initiatives to increase trade and to work cooperatively. The idea of regional integration in this ‘Cape-to-Cairo’ free trade zone is set to cover just under two-thirds of Africa's population and improve the flow of goods and investment significantly. This paper explores the significance and impacts of the single FTA on various aspects of economic growth, including welfare, trade, price effects, custom tariffs, government revenues, and the labor market.
The Impact Of Culture, Institutions, And The Euro On Trade Flows In Europe, James Aylward
The Impact Of Culture, Institutions, And The Euro On Trade Flows In Europe, James Aylward
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper sets out to study the role of cultural and institutional differences across European countries in explaining patterns of bilateral trade within Europe by using a gravity model approach on panel data for 24 European countries, covering the years 2002 through 2006. It may be expected that cultural and institutional “distance” between Eurozone countries would have a comparatively smaller impact on bilateral trade flows by virtue of the countries’ shared currency relative to the impact of such determinants on bilateral trade flows between two countries that do not share a currency. Alternatively, such determinants could have a significant impact …
Determining Yuan Valuation- An Extension Of The Imf External Balance Assessment Approach, Shantanu A. Banerjee
Determining Yuan Valuation- An Extension Of The Imf External Balance Assessment Approach, Shantanu A. Banerjee
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper applies the IMF EBA methodology to a China-specific time series analysis, using a 2SLS instrumented regression with Newey-West standard errors to determine the policy gap that results from PBOC intervention. We find the impact of reserve accumulation to be more significant in magnitude than indicated by the EBA, demonstrating a modest improvement in accuracy with the introduction of central bank liquidity swaps as a novel instrument. Evidence of a long term equilibrium relationship is also found between the real effective exchange rate and reserve accumulation, with the presence of medium level capital controls.
Crafting Chaos: The Classification Of Unilateral Transfers Under The Current Account At Bretton Woods And Its Impact On Remittances To The Indian State Of Kerala, Anish Gawande
Undergraduate Economic Review
This essay aims to analyse the classification of unilateral transfers under the current account at Bretton Woods despite significant opposition from larger delegations of major Allied powers, bringing to the forefront the global liquidity of remittances in the post-War years permitted by their fully currency convertible nature. Using the example of the Indian State of Kerala, this paper charts the relevance of their sustained uninterrupted flow to their subsequent exponential growth in the last three decades, using the case study as a pivot to argue for better policy measures that maximise their multiplier effect.
A Discourse On Diversity: The Impact Of Management Team Heterogeneity On Firm Performance., Robert J. Brown
A Discourse On Diversity: The Impact Of Management Team Heterogeneity On Firm Performance., Robert J. Brown
Undergraduate Economic Review
Quantile models are used to test the association between management team gender, ethnic and educational diversity and firm performance, employing an IV technique developed by Chernozhukov and Hansen (2008) to address the potential endogeneity issues. Estimated associations between measures of diversity and firm EBITDA margins are close to zero across much of the dependent variable distribution, but increase in magnitude for higher margin firms. No evidence of a statistically significant causal relationship between gender and ethnic diversity and firm EBITDA margins is found. Marginal evidence of a statistically significant association between margins and educational diversity is found for high margin …
The Effects Of Borrowing Rates On Intra-Firm Disequilibria Between Equity Prices And Cds Premiums – Evidence From Dynamic Panel Analysis., Robert J. Brown
The Effects Of Borrowing Rates On Intra-Firm Disequilibria Between Equity Prices And Cds Premiums – Evidence From Dynamic Panel Analysis., Robert J. Brown
Undergraduate Economic Review
Cointegration techniques are used to estimate the long run equilibrium relationship between a firm’s CDS premium and its equity price, for a panel of large-cap US firms. From these results, the estimated disequilibrium in daily CDS premiums, with respect to equity prices, is constructed. Dynamic panel methods are employed to show the importance of lagged changes in libor rates as determinants of the estimated disequilibrium. Evidence is found that the extent to which the markets deviate from equilibrium will increase as one-month libor rates rise, but, counter-intuitively, will decrease (return towards equilibrium) as longer term libor rates rise.
To Be Made Sick By Medicine: Quantitative Easing And Inequality After The Financial Crisis, Giulio Alberto Bianchi
To Be Made Sick By Medicine: Quantitative Easing And Inequality After The Financial Crisis, Giulio Alberto Bianchi
Undergraduate Economic Review
During the Global Financial Crisis, central banks attempted to counter the economic downturn by reinforcing their conventional policy toolset with an extensive range of unconventional monetary policies. Paramount amongst these policies was Quantitative Easing (QE), which involves the creation of electronic money to conduct large-scale asset purchases. QE has been accused of increasing economic inequality from multiple political standpoints. By analytically weighing QE’s effects on different groups of households, this paper attempts to establish whether the Federal Reserve System, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England fostered income and wealth inequality during the post-crisis period in the areas …
The Composition Of Fiscal Adjustments: Economic And Social Implications, David Vilalta
The Composition Of Fiscal Adjustments: Economic And Social Implications, David Vilalta
Undergraduate Economic Review
We examine episodes of fiscal adjustments in OECD countries from 2000 to 2014 and analyse its short- and long-run impact on economic growth and inequality. This paper offers two results. First, in line with previous literature, we find that in the short run, spending-based adjustments are more expansionary than tax-based adjustments, although they are associated with higher inequality. Second, we find that in the long run, spending-based adjustments are still more expansionary, and their impact on inequality is smaller than that of tax-based adjustments.
Moral Hazard And Mispriced Systemic Risk In The Lead-Up To The 2007 Subprime Mortgage Crisis In The United States, Georgi Rusinov
Moral Hazard And Mispriced Systemic Risk In The Lead-Up To The 2007 Subprime Mortgage Crisis In The United States, Georgi Rusinov
Undergraduate Economic Review
The 2007 subprime crisis was caused by high demand for subprime mortgage products underpinned by the unrealistic assumption that property prices would keep rising indefinitely. The subprime mortgage market worked as expected as long as prices were rising and demand for property was high. When these two conditions were violated and the housing bubble collapsed, the system became dysfunctional, many subprime borrowers defaulted, and mortgage-backed securities lost much of their value. Prevention could have been achieved through regulatory measures to shift the risk back from taxpayers and investors to loan originators. Fair distribution of risk should be the main objective …
The Value Of Life: Explaining High Spending On End Of Life Care, Marie R. Veillette
The Value Of Life: Explaining High Spending On End Of Life Care, Marie R. Veillette
Undergraduate Economic Review
This article examines literature published regarding insurance and end of life care and combines it into one, comprehensive overview of the state of unprecedented spending on healthcare, specifically, terminal care treatments. This focus allows for an examination of particular areas of causation of high medical spending at the end of life and provides some insight for solutions of how to curb this spending. The article also addresses the need to be mindful that these solutions do not compromise quality or equity of care to patients.
The Shochu Conundrum: Economics And Gatt Article Iii, Alex Davis
The Shochu Conundrum: Economics And Gatt Article Iii, Alex Davis
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper will discuss the National Treatment (NT) obligation contained in Article III of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 as applied in precedential tax discrimination cases. Case law has not taken a firm stance on the economic versus legal interpretation of the likeness/directly competitive or substitutable (DCS) criterion or the principle of “so as to afford protection” (SATAP) captured in Article III.2. After examining the case law on discriminatory taxation, I conclude that the NT obligation in trade agreements is imperfect. Nonetheless, NT is a critical component of these agreements, and the international trade order would …
Can The Working Industry Tell About Your Chance Of Getting Health Insurance? A Study On The Health Insurance Coverage Of Working Adults In The U.S., Ngocgiao Nguyen, Robert Leekley, Faculty Advisor
Can The Working Industry Tell About Your Chance Of Getting Health Insurance? A Study On The Health Insurance Coverage Of Working Adults In The U.S., Ngocgiao Nguyen, Robert Leekley, Faculty Advisor
John Wesley Powell Student Research Conference
Poster presentation abstract.
Second Generation Immigrants: The Effect Of Parental Nativity Status On Earnings, Karen Silverman, Michael Seeborg, Faculty Advisor
Second Generation Immigrants: The Effect Of Parental Nativity Status On Earnings, Karen Silverman, Michael Seeborg, Faculty Advisor
John Wesley Powell Student Research Conference
Poster presentation abstract.