Economics Commons^™

Intellectual Property, Global Inequality, And Subnational Policy Variations, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

This chapter criticizes the oversimplification of the binary North–South debate on intellectual property, innovation, and global inequality and highlights the wide geographic, sectoral, and income inequalities within middle-income countries. It begins by explaining why the arrival of these countries has called into question the North–South debate. The chapter then moves from the widely studied subject of global inequality to the underexplored topic of national inequality. Focusing on the intellectual property context, the discussion highlights the considerable subnational variations in the economic and technological conditions of middle-income countries. To combat national inequality, this chapter concludes by recommending interventions in three areas: …

Introduction To Intellectual Property, Innovation And Economic Inequality, Daniel Benoliel, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

This chapter provides an introduction to Intellectual Property, Innovation and Economic Inequality. It begins by discussing the problem of economic inequality, including the scale of that problem, types of economic inequality, and extant research on such inequality. The chapter then outlines the structure of this volume, which is divided into three parts: (1) theoretical, empirical, and policy issues; (2) intellectual property and national inequality; and (3) intellectual property and global inequality.

Intellectual Property, Innovation And Economic Inequality, Daniel Benoliel, Peter K. Yu, Francis Gurry, Keun Lee

Faculty Scholarship

While growing disparities in wealth and income are well-documented across the globe, the role of intellectual property rights is often overlooked. This volume brings together leading commentators from around the world to interrogate the interrelationship between intellectual property and economic inequality. Interdisciplinary and globally oriented by design, the book features economists, legal scholars, policy analysts, and other experts. Chapters address the impact of intellectual property rights on economic inequality, the effect of economic inequality on the protection and enforcement of these rights, and the potential use of innovation law and policy to help reduce economic inequality. The volume also tackles …

Faktor Kontributor Prevalensi Stunting: Studi Kasus Jawa Timur Tahun 2022, Sofiyulloh Sofiyulloh, Martya Rahmaniati

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Malnutrisi, termasuk stunting, masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang mempengaruhi kemajuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Stunting, akibat kekurangan gizi berkepanjangan dan infeksi berulang, menghambat pertumbuhan anak. Di Indonesia, prevalensi stunting pada tahun 2022 adalah 21,6% dan masih belum mencapai target. Dan Jawa timur, angka stunting di 2022 adalah 19,2%, mendekati angka nasional pun masih belum mencapai target. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap stunting di Jawa Timur, dengan fokus pada faktor soial ekonomi dan kesehatan. Data sekunder dari Kementerian Kesehatan, dan Dinas Kesehatan Jawa Timur dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dan rata-rata lama sekolah memiliki …

Latina Maternal Anxiety And Early Child Development: A Scoping Review, Micaela Gigena

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

Latina mothers' mental health struggles, particularly anxiety, can significantly impact their children's development. In Latino culture, stigma and shame surrounding mental health discussions often prevent individuals from seeking help, which can exacerbate effects. This scoping review aims to examine currently available research on the impact of maternal anxiety on early child development in Latina populations across North America, South America, and the Caribbean. A literature search was performed to find relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature through five electronic databases. Out of 469 results, 33 relevant studies were identified for full-text screening. Data will be extracted to explore the association between …

Promote Deep Integration Of Real Economy And Digital Economy, Qinmin Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Deep integration of digital technology, industrial development, and data resources empowers development of the digital economy, constantly opens up new tracks, creates new momentum, and establishes new advantages, becoming a new powerful engine for global economic and social development. China attaches great importance to the high-quality development of the digital economy. This study discusses the practical experience of vigorously promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitization, promoting the deep integration of digital technology and the real economy, and accelerating the construction of a network power and digital China. It also proposes countermeasures and suggestions to further promote the efficient empowerment of …

Reflections On Strengthening Digital Public Goods Institutions To Promote Construction Of Open Source Innovation Ecosystem, Chao Zhang, Ze Feng, Kaihua Chen, Qigang Zhu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The digital public goods institutions are important foundations for promoting the development of an open source innovation ecosystem, which helps to break the key limitations faced by China’s open source innovation ecosystem, such as the lack of unity in technology routes and concentration of R&D power. Based on discussing the significance of improving digital public goods institutions, this study reviews the experience of major countries in the world in building digital public goods institutions and analyzes the prominent problems faced by the construction of China’s digital public goods institutions. This study points out that China’s open source innovation ecosystem faces …

Benefits And Challenges Of Constructing Low-Altitude Air Route Network Infrastructure For Developing Low-Altitude Economy, Xiaohan Liao, Chenchen Xu, Huping Ye

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Low-altitude airspace is a resource that needs to be fully explored, and the low-altitude economy is a new type of economic activity resulted from low-altitude airspace exploration and utilization. As the primary players of low-altitude flight activities, the commercialization and wide applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are promoting the prosperity of the low-altitude economy. A low-altitude air route network is an effective means to ensure the safe and efficient operations of a large number of UAVs, and it is also a new key infrastructure hosting low-altitude traffic. The history shows that the investment on public transport infrastructure as a …

Prospect And Problem Analysis Of Industry Data Application In Livestock And Poultry Breeding, Yiran Chen, Zhuqing Xiong, Jiaogen Zhou, Quan Wang, Jiancheng Shu, Yinfa Yan, Lanlin Yang, Zemeng Feng, Benhai Xiong, Yulong Yin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Livestock and poultry breeding is a pillar industry in China. The massive data in livestock and poultry breeding is a valuable resource. The market-oriented utilization of livestock and poultry breeding data plays an important role in improving industry standards, increasing industry profits, and driving the development of the entire industry chain. Currently, based on the demand for marketization of livestock and poultry breeding data, the application of new generation information technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things in the process of livestock and poultry breeding to collect breeding process data, after de-sensitization and de-classification, through cloud computing, …

The Welfare Effects Of Including Household Preferences In School Assignment Systems: Evidence From Ecuador, Gregory Elacqua, Isabel Jacas, Thomas Krussig, Carolina Méndez, Christopher Neilson

Discussion Papers

We partner with Ecuador’s government to implement a centralized school choice system using a Deferred Acceptance algorithm in Manta. Our study evaluates the welfare impact of transitioning from a distance-based assignment system to one that incorporates families’ preferences. Results show that accounting for preferences yields substantial welfare gains. Counterfactual analyses suggest that alternative mechanisms offer limited improvements compared to the benefits of preference inclusion and coordinated assignments. Household survey data on beliefs and satisfaction support these findings, indicating that centralized school choice systems can deliver significant welfare effects in developing countries.

Pakistan@2050: Demographic Change, Future Projections, And Development Opportunities, Population Council

Population Policy and Demographic Analysis

Pakistan@2050 is a unique volume that provides comprehensive evidence and insights into the linkages between population dynamics and development. It illustrates Pakistan’s position regarding demographic transition and offers a regional comparison. The study highlights how population trends and dynamics significantly shape development outcomes, emphasizing the need to integrate these factors into both short-term and, most importantly, long-term planning and policy decisions. Long-term planning in Pakistan has faced persistent challenges related to poverty, climate change, and a tendency towards reactive rather than proactive interventions. These approaches often overlook the impact of high population growth on development gains.

It is vital to …

A Study Of Factors Influencing Tourism Service Quality: A Comprehensive Review And Analysis, Gowhar Ahmad Wani Dr, Rubeena Khaliq Dr, Ayoub Khan Dawood Dr, Aamir Majeed Parray

Journal of Tourism Insights

This study delves into an in-depth analysis of the intricate factors that shape service quality within tourism destinations situated in the Kashmir Valley. The principal objective of this research is to meticulously scrutinize the diverse elements that wield influence over service quality, with a particular emphasis on the pivotal role played by infrastructure in the delivery of services. To achieve this objective, the research encompasses an empirical verification process that takes into account infrastructure-dependent, independent, and other pertinent factors.

The nature and extent of these determinants are subjected to rigorous scrutiny at an individual level across five distinct destinations, employing …

The Rise And Fall Of Caribbean Piracy: A Socio-Technical Analysis Of The War Of Spanish Succession, Maritime Innovation, And Edward Randolf’S Policy, Dominique M. Salinski

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

This paper argues that the mode and historical context in which piracy ascended in the Caribbean after the War of the Spanish Succession, as well as the historical interrelation between maritime technology and pirate tactics, coalesced into a diachronic Damocles Sword that resulted in the downfall of piracy in the Golden Age. Sanctioning piratical enterprises as a subconventional maritime strategy displayed a geopolitical reliance on piracy by great powers. However, the depraved treatment conventional sailors received across all major European navies generated a social stratum that eventually bore the Golden Age of Piracy, while simultaneously contributing significantly to British naval …

Challenges And Prospects Of Islamic Financial Services Industry (Ifsi), Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Talks, Speeches, & Discourse

Dr. Ishrat Husain addresses a distinguished gathering of Shariah scholars from across the globe on the transition from conventional to Islamic finance. He raises ten critical questions that explore the challenges and prospects of the Islamic Financial Services Industry.

Refereed Research - Religiosity And Sociality As Sources Of Resilience For Women Subsistence Entrepreneurs During The Pandemic, Rozina Akther

Subsistence Marketplaces

This study examines challenges faced by subsistence women entrepreneurs during COVID-19, the crisis of 2020, and their resilience in addressing the circumstances. The results of qualitative interviews with 13 subsistence marketplace women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh are presented in this article. In the current study, two themes are found to best capture the experiences and resilience of women business owners in the subsistence marketplaces. Furthermore, the study provides important insights from informant interviews, showing how women business owners navigate their operations during a pandemic. It highlights attributes such as relational strength and faith in a higher power that contribute to their …

State-To-State Migration In Nevada, 2017-2022, Ayda Atici, Reese Howard, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Demography

This fact sheet examines data on state-to-state migration patterns of people moving from other states to Nevada, as well as individuals leaving Nevada and moving to other states between 2017 and 2022. Data for all 50 states are found in the United States Census Bureau’s report, “State-to-State Migration Flows."

Deep Dive Into Pakistan's Ocean Economy: An Evaluation Of Performance And Constraints, Maaziya Aijaz, Omme Hany, Nooreen Mujahid, Ali Abbas

Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

Pakistan, a coastal country with a 1,050 km coastline and an Exclusive Economic Zone, relies on the ocean economy for approximately 0.4% of its national GDP. The ocean economy of Pakistan comprises various sectors, including fisheries, maritime transportation, offshore oil and gas exploration, tourism, and marine biotechnology. Over the years, Pakistan has made progress in these sectors, with notable growth in fish exports and the development of deep-sea ports. However, several challenges are hindering the full realization of the ocean's economic potential. These challenges include inadequate infrastructure, outdated regulations, unsustainable fishing practices, pollution, and geopolitical tensions affecting maritime trade. Despite …

Nevada’S Predictable Housing Train Wreck And What To Do About It, Arthur C. Nelson

Policy Briefs and Reports

Nevada is on the cusp of a housing catastrophe, especially in Southern Nevada.

Consider that the state has fewer households than it should. A household is defined as one or more people who have a home of their own. But for price, location, configuration, and other factors, about 60,000 households in Nevada do not exist because there is no home for them. And it’s going to get worse. Including these “missing households,” nearly 470,000 new occupied homes will need to be built between 2020 and 2040 to meet the housing needs of all Nevadans, or about 23,000 per year. The …

Nevada’S Housing Policy Landscape: Data, Analysis, And Policy Solutions, Brookings Mountain West, Lied Center For Real Estate

Brookings Mountain West Special Events

From rising rents to high interest rates to limited supply, housing policy is a central issue in the 2024 elections. Brookings Mountain West, in partnership with UNLV’s Lied Center for Real Estate, hosted a community forum examining the local, state, and federal impacts of Nevada’s housing challenges. New research presented at the forum offer insights into the demographic and economic dynamics of individuals and families navigating Nevada's turbulent housing market, assess trends in home ownership, and evaluate barriers preventing Nevadans from accessing the housing market.

Providing End-Of-Life Counseling: A Narrative Inquiry, Carol Hecht, Sibyl West

Adultspan Journal

This qualitative study aimed to address the gap in the research related to end-of-life counseling by exploring the experiences of counselors working with clients at end of life. While counseling literature and education are lacking regarding end of life, many counselors will work alongside clients approaching death. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to better understand the nuanced experiences of counselors providing end-of-life counseling and (b) to explore the supports and preparations helpful for counselors to provide end-of-life counseling. A narrative approach, using the Listening Guide (Gilligan, 2015), was employed to analyze and present the stories of three …

Considerations Of Medicare Telehealth Services With Older Adults, Sonah Kho, Amanda Dediego

Adultspan Journal

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic set in motion a rapid expansion of mental health services offered via telehealth. With this rapid expansion came the need to examine how policy and practice should be shaped in a future where telehealth is considered common in counseling practice. For counselors to understand how to support older adult clients in using telehealth services, they must understand telehealth policy. Following the eligibility of licensed counselors to participate in Medicare, counselors need to stay abreast of regulatory changes regarding restrictions and regulations on use of telehealth for mental and behavioral health services, including video and …

Mapping Characteristics And Financial Importance Of Development Banks Across The World, Jan Porenta, Vasja Rant

Economic and Business Review

This paper investigates the financial importance of development banks across regions and income groups. We construct a global banking dataset for the period 1995 to 2021 and analyse the distribution of development banking assets across macro regions and country income groups. We create a composite global and national Development Bank Financial Importance index (DBFI index) that enables us to rank the most financially important development banks across the globe. Development banks play significant and diverse roles in the global financial system, but their financial importance varies across regions and income groups. The paper offers a broad analysis of the global …

Measuring Consumption Inequality At Household Level In Pakistan 2005-2019, Sahibzada Asadullah, Asfandyar Khan

Business Review

Reducing inequality has been the main focus of every country. This study is an attempt to measure consumption expenditure inequality in Pakistan by focusing on food and non-food components. The study uses secondary data to cover surveys from 2005-06 till 2018-19 using decomposed data taken from Household integrated expenditure survey of Pakistan. Gini coefficient has been used to measure inequality. The study finds fluctuating trends in inequality. Overall both food and non-food consumption inequality has slightly decreased but overall food consumption expenditure inequality increased in 2018-19 when we compared the results with year 2015-16. Food consumption inequality remain higher in …

State Transportation Policy & Funding In The Mountain West, 2023, Zachary Billot, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Transportation & Infrastructure

This fact sheet analyzes transportation policy, planning, and investment data as detailed in the report “Getting Transportation Right: Ranking the States in Light of New Federal Funding” by the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC). Five Mountain West States: Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah are included in this fact sheet, with data reported as of February 2023.

Developing A Stand-Alone Children’S Hospital In Southern Nevada: Improving Pediatric Care And Diversifying The Regional Economy, The Lincy Institute

Lincy Institute Events

Southern Nevada is the largest metropolitan region in the country without a stand-alone children's hospital. The absence of such a facility results in poor health outcomes for children, fragmented and inadequate specialized care, and a shortage of pediatric medical professionals. Currently ranked last in clinical care nationwide, Nevada urgently needs a centralized, academic-based children's hospital to improve health services.

The Lincy Institute hosted a community forum to release the findings of a new report conducted by Tripp Umbach detailing why Southern Nevada needs a stand-alone children’s hospital. Tripp Umbach is a recognized industry leader, with 30 years of successful partnerships …

Hold The Phone: The Short- And Long-Run Impacts Of Connecting Indian Women To Digital Technology, Giorgia Barboni, Anwesha Bhattacharya, Erica Field, Rohini Pande, Natalia Rigol, Simone Schaner, Aruj Shukla, Charity Moore

Discussion Papers

Access to smartphones and mobile internet is increasingly necessary to participate in the modern economy. Yet women significantly lag men in digital access, especially in lower-income settings with gender gaps that span other dimensions - and where digital gaps threaten to deepen existing analog inequities. We study the short- and long-term effects of a large-scale state-sponsored program in India that aimed to close digital gender gaps by transferring free smartphones to women while constructing 4G towers to bring rural areas online. The program was well implemented, reversing gender gaps in smartphone ownership in the short run. However, many women lost …

Developing A Stand-Alone Children’S Hospital In Southern Nevada: Needs, Opportunities, And Economic Development Considerations, Tripp Umbach

Policy Briefs and Reports

This independent study developed by Tripp Umbach demonstrates how an independent, research-intensive, stand-alone children’s teaching hospital can significantly enhance the health status of Southern Nevada’s children, reduce outmigration, attract children from neighboring states, and stimulate the healthcare economy. Tripp Umbach evaluated the need for a children’s hospital, the barriers to overcoming its absence, and the advantages of establishing a stand-alone children’s hospital in Southern Nevada for diverse audiences throughout Nevada and nationally.

Machine Learning As Arbitrage: Can Economics Help Explain Ai?, Huahao Lu, Matthew Spiegel, Hong Zhang

Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics

Machine learning algorithms have shown to be remarkably successful tools for predicting asset returns. However, the underlying economic mechanisms behind their performance remain unclear. This paper proposes a model-based dynamic arbitrage trading strategy that combines economic and statistical nonstationarity to demystify this black box. In predicting stock returns based on 153 firm characteristics (anomalies), our strategy ranks anomalies similarly to neural networks in the cross-section. Overall, it accounts for approximately 87.9 bps monthly alphas of the high-minus-low portfolios selected by neural networks in the time series. When unpublished anomalies and microcap stocks are excluded from trading, this strategy can fully …

Family Size And Child Migration: Do Daughters Face Greater Trade-Offs Than Sons?, Christine Ho, Yutao Wang, Sharon Xuejing Zuo

Research Collection School Of Economics

We show that, conditional on family size, rural boys and girls are equally likely to migrate with parents in China. Nevertheless, daughters’ migration may still be compromised because they tend to have more siblings in societies with strong son preference, and larger families are more likely to leave all children behind. We find that a one unit increase in sibship size decreases the probability that a daughter migrates by 12.5 percentage points—with stronger effects when migration restrictions are more stringent—but has negligible effects on sons. The results suggest that gender-neutral migration constraints may generate gendered family size trade-offs.

‘Brain Drain’: Net Gains And Losses Of College- Educated Residents In The Mountain West, 2023, Dre Boyd-Weatherly, Annie Vong, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Higher Education

This fact sheet examines the number of college-educated individuals who moved to Mountain West states (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah) and to selected metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the Mountain West in 2023. The “2024 Study: ‘Brain Drain’? The States With the Largest Net Gains and Losses of College-Educated Americans” report contains data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) of the Current Population Survey conducted by the United States Census Bureau. The study includes data on where college-educated residents move and which areas experienced ‘brain drain,’ where college-educated residents move to other places.