Economics Commons^™

Sweet Diversity: Colonial Goods And The Welfare Gains From Trade After 1492, Jonathan Hersh, Hans-Joachim Voth

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

When did overseas trade start to matter for living standards? Traditional real-wage indices suggest that living standards in Europe stagnated before 1800. In this paper, we argue that welfare rose substantially, but surreptitiously, because of an influx of new goods as a result of overseas trade. Colonial luxuries such as tea, coffee, and sugar transformed European diets after the discovery of America and the rounding of the Cape of Good Hope. These goods became household items in many countries by the end of the 18th century. We use three different methods to calculate welfare gains based on price data and …

Papers Ltv, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (2011, January 16). Profit themes (Unpublished manuscript notes) (23-39_Pape... p. 4).
• Shaikh, A. (1988, November 26). Steuart & two sources of profit: History—notes on prod/unprod labor in Marx (Unpublished manuscript notes) (23-39_Pape... p. 5).
• Shaikh, A. (1992). Values and value transfers: A comment on Itoh (Unpublished manuscript) (23-39_Pape... p. 10).
• Obrinsky, M. (1983). Profit theory and capitalism. University of Pennsylvania Press (23-39_Pape... p. 39).
• Shaikh, A. (2008, February 6). Production and nonproduction labor (Unpublished manuscript notes) (23-39_Pape... p. 44).

Currant Theory, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (2011). Current theory (Handwritten note by Anwar Shaikh, PhD). New School University Archives.
• Foley, D. (2010, November 27). Re: circuiste theory (Email). New School University Archives.
• Cardim de Carvalho, F. J. (2003). Circuit theory. In J. E. King (Ed.), The Elgar companion to post Keynesian economics (pp. 60–61). Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Realfonzo, R. (2003). Circuit theory. In J. E. King (Ed.), The Elgar companion to post Keynesian economics (pp. 61–64). Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Shaikh, A. (2011, January 19). Circuitist models comments.doc (Manuscript with handwritten notes). New School University Archives.
• Shaikh, A. (2004, March 12). Comments …

General Solution To Difference Equation, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• General solution difference equation, written by Anwar Shaikh, PhD, on April 22, 2011.
• General solution to differences equation, a manuscript file folder label inscribed with the identification code NA-23-63, prepared by Anwar Shaikh, PhD, on June 5, 2026.

Class (Chapter 9), Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Chapter 9: classical, neoclassical, austrian and post keynesian views on competition, an unpublished draft book chapter prepared by Anwar Shaikh, PhD, on June 5, 2026.
• Ch 9 (class), a manuscript file folder label inscribed with the identification code NA-23-62, prepared by Anwar Shaikh, PhD, on June 5, 2026.
• Corrections and marginal notation on classical pricing and cost functions, an unpublished set of handwritten manuscript comments prepared by Anwar Shaikh, PhD, on June 5, 2026.

Three Essays On Financial Markets And Monetary Policy, Abeba Siraj Mussa

Dissertations

The global financial crisis triggered by fallout from the sub-prime mortgage market in the U.S. has led economists to focus attention on the role of monetary policy in the crisis. The question of how monetary policy affects the financial sector is the key to the current debate over the role financial stability should play in the monetary policy decisions. As a contribution to this debate, my dissertation examines the link between monetary policy and three main financial sectors - the banking sector, the stock market, and the housing market.

The first essay examines whether the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) …

Godley Conference Paper, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Godley conference paper (file folder). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, manuscript in progress, 2011.
• Economic policy in a growth context. Anwar Shaikh, Macroeconomics and Growth, 2008, Palgrave Macmillan.
• Notes on New Cambridge and Ruggles (unpublished manuscript). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, May 01, 2011.
• Effect of depletion rates on KGC and KNC estimates (data analysis commentary). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, February 22, 2011.
• I have spent many a happy hour here at the Levy (handwritten notes). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, 2011.
• On Godley & KK (handwritten notes). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, 2011.
• The role of the savings rate in Godley's macroeconomics (manuscript outline). …

Reflexivity, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Reflexivity (file folder). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, manuscript in progress, 2011.
• General point (handwritten notes). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, November 2011.
• End of my talk (handwritten presentation outline). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, November 2011.
• Reflexivity and the theory and practice of social change (unpublished workshop paper). George Soros, November 03, 2011.
• Reflexivity, path dependence, and disequilibrium dynamics. Anwar Shaikh, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 2010, M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
• Mark 2: Still stable (handwritten notes). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, March 28, 2010.
• The crisis & what to do about it (web article). George Soros, November 06, 2008.
• Unrepentant (letter to the …

Chapter 11, Competition And Finance Revisions, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. Chapter 11 competition and finance revisions outline (Unpublished manuscript).
• Shaikh, A. (2012). Handwritten notes on interest rates and profit rate equalization equations (Unpublished manuscript).
• Parchure, R. A reconstruction of interest rate theory (Unpublished manuscript).

Competition Blue, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Roncaglia, A. (2006). Paolo Sylos Labini (1920-2005): A tribute. EAEPE Newsletter, (35).
• Shaikh, A. (2011). Appendix 7.1.xlsx. Unpublished manuscript.
• Dhawan, R. (2001). Firm size and productivity differential: Theory and evidence from a panel of US firms. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 44(3).
• Shaikh, A. (2011). Marx's example of a hand printing press vs. a lithograph. Unpublished manuscript.
• Shaikh, A. (2011). The writing of the Grundrisse. Unpublished manuscript.

Institutional Divergence In Economic Development, Jonathan B. Wight

Economics Faculty Publications

The Anglo-American capitalist model (AACM) encompasses a set of theories and policies that advance the classical objectives of individual autonomy, wealth acquisition, and economic growth. In the twentieth century, the neoclassical goal of short-run Pareto efficiency was added yet remains in possible tension with these other aims. The AACM generally upholds the primacy of markets as the means for achieving its normative ideals through private, decentralized actions, with some exceptions. In the modern political arena this ideology is associated with the Reagan-Thatcher revolution of the 1980s and provides a framework for many who oppose statist solutions to social problems (Steger …

Residential Electricity Demand In Seattle, David Alan Juarez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This study examines residential electricity demand for the Seattle City Light (SCL) public utility market. SCL is interesting because all of its electricity is generated through hydro-electric facilities as well as its purchased power, mostly through contracts with the Bonneville Power Administration, resulting in below-average residential electricity prices. An error-correction model is estimated using annual time series data. Income, price, and climate data are used to identify both economic and seasonal effects. In addition, a customer equation is also estimated using the error-correction approach. The income-elasticity is negative indicating that electricity is an inferior good in this market. Out-of-sample forecasts …

Classical Theory Output Level, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Classical theory: output level (Unpublished manuscript) (22-23_Clas... p. 1).
• Shaikh, A. (2011). Output level classical theory.xlsx (Unpublished dataset) (22-23_Clas... p. 2).
• Shaikh, A. (2011). Output level in economic theories (Unpublished manuscript) (22-23_Clas... p. 5).
• Godley, W., & Shaikh, A. (2002). An important inconsistency at the heart of the standard macroeconomic model. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 24(3), 423–441. Taylor & Francis (22-23_Clas... p. 20).
• Gandolfo, G. (1985). Economic dynamics: Methods and models. North-Holland (22-23_Clas... p. 20).

Inflation, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Inflation & fluid flow analogy (file folder). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, 2011.
• Thruput NIPA and excess demand (manuscript outline). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, May 15, 2011.
• Thruput as growth limit (manuscript outline). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, May 2011.
• Lectures on the theory of production. Luigi L. Pasinetti, Columbia University Press, 1977, Columbia University Press.
• Thruput model (handwritten notes). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, February 24, 2011.
• Alberto Nan & fas: Prop defense (handwritten notes). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, February 24, 2011.
• Water flow, electrical circuit and inflation analogy (unpublished manuscript). Anwar Shaikh, PhD, May 15, 2011.
• In my inflation equation (handwritten notes). …

Chapter 6 And Chapter 8 Tables, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (2010). Chapter 6 numerical examples: Labor values, direct prices, and prices of production (Unpublished Mathcad worksheet) 
• Shaikh, A. (2011). Chapter 8 reference tables: Price equalization, profit rate disequalization, and technical choice contenders (Unpublished Excel spreadsheet)

Consumer Search And Switching Behavior: Evidence From The Credit Card Industry, Omar Adel Abdelrahman

Wayne State University Dissertations

The introduction of the credit card in the mid-twentieth century revolutionized and transformed how people live. Based on a set of new survey data, this dissertation empirically investigates and analyzes consumers' behavior in the credit card market. Specifically, it investigates the underlying determinants of consumers' choices regarding switching credit-card balances. To estimate the likelihood that consumers switch credit cards, two logit models are estimated. Using data from the Consumer Finance Monthly (CFM) of The Ohio State University, the author finds that at the conventional 5 percent level of significance, the following variables have significance: old interest rate, new interest rate, …

Economic Patterns In Capitalism, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Economic patterns in capitalism fall 2011: U.S. economic charts. (2011, Fall). Unpublished document compilation.

• Shaikh, A. (2000, September). The fundamental equation of prices [Unpublished manuscript].

• Sardoni, C. (1994, December 15–17). Marx’s theory of money and interest: Between Robertson and Keynes? [Unpublished conference paper]. Karl Marx’s Third Volume of Capital: 1894–1994 Conference, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.

• Panico, C. (1988). Marx on the interest rate (Chap. 2) [Photocopy]. In Interest and profit in the theories of value and distribution. Palgrave Macmillan.

• Panico, C. (1988). Marx on the relation between interest and profit …

An Empirical Analysis Of Gasoline Demand In Mexico Using Cointegration Techniques, Mario Elizalde

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Economic expansion in Mexico has caused fuel consumption in Mexico to increase. Because Mexico does not have sufficient refinery capacity, over 40 percent of total gasoline consumed is imported. This has implications for the balance of payments. In this paper, gasoline demand is empirically examined using co-integration and error correction approaches. Results show no evidence of long-run equilibrium in the Mexican gasoline market. This is potentially attributable to the regulatory regime that governs energy markets in Mexico. Regulated price adjustments that are not consistent with prevailing market conditions run the risk of misallocating resources. Permitting greater flexibility in private gasoline …

Inet Proposal Stage 2, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

his collection includes:

• Institute for New Economic Thinking. (2011). Standard pre-grant inquiry (PGI) form for grant #3232 (Manuscript). New School University Archives.
• Puller, N. (2011, July 11). Email correspondence regarding INET pre-grant inquiry for #3232 (Email). New School University Archives.
• Shaikh, A. (2011). Project budget for sponsor INET (Period: June 1, 2011 to August 31, 2012) (Manuscript). New School University Archives.
• Shaikh, A. (2011, April 24). Institute for New Economic Thinking proposal stage II cover letter (Manuscript). New School University Archives.
• Shaikh, A. (2011, April 14). New School institutional giving grant proposal form (Manuscript with handwritten note "Scanned & emailed"). …

Measurement Of Profit, Capital & Rop, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Ch 7: Measurement of profit, capital & ROP by Anwar Shaikh
• Appendix 7.1: Measurement of profit by Anwar Shaikh
• Appendix 7.2: Measurement of capital and the rate of profit by Anwar Shaikh
• Appendix 7.2A: Alternate treatments of the rate of profit by Anwar Shaikh

A Sufficient Condition For The Tops-Only Property Of Strategy-Proof Social Choice Functions In The Case Of Two Voters, Huaxia Zeng

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

In this thesis, we consider the standard voting model with a finite set of alternatives A and 2 voters, and address the following question: besides Domains D satisfying the

Property T (Chatterji & Sen (2011) ), what are other characteristics of domains that induce every strategy-proof and unanimous social choice function f : Dn → A to satisfy the tops-only property? We impose a minimal richness condition which ensures that for every alternative a ∈ A, there exists a preference ordering where a is maximal. We identify a more general condition on domains that is sufficient for strategy-proofness …

Take Me Out Of The Ball Game: The Efficacy Of Public Subsidies In The Success Of Professional Sports Stadiums, Jonah Chodosh

CMC Senior Theses

This paper weights the relative advantages of multiple factors that lead to the success of professional sports stadiums in major markets, though a discussion of the arguments for and against public subsidies towards these projects. Using a logit statistical model, the paper determines that the two factors determining the highest likelihood of venue success include multiple tenants and access to mass transit. The analysis demonstrates that public subsidies towards stadiums don’t generate sufficient economic returns, and that successful stadiums can be created without using taxpayer funds.

Owen Book Capitalism Vs Economic Democracy, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Owen, M. K. (2011). Inscription to anwar shaikh (Handwritten note) (23-8_Owen ... p. 3).
• Owen, M. K. (2011). Capitalism vs. economic democracy: illuminating capitalist vs. socialist development with a theory inferred from the writings of marx, engels, lenin, dunayevskaya, and sraffa. CreateSpace (23-8_Owen ... pp. 2, 4)

Chapter 11 Competition + Finance, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

24-46_Choice of Technology.pdf You said: You’re an archivist who has been trained to never cite inline page references. This habit is so ingrained that the pattern "(P." does not exist in your vocabulary. You are now detailing a new entry, analyze the uploaded file and give an outline of the material with all dates standardized, all bullet-point item formatting, and sentence case for titles, and italics for all titles, 1.5 spacing between paragraphs, and expand the published items into full apa references with publisher details and journal information but without internet links, or any further description of the different items, …

Recent Debates On Ltv, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• The incoherence of the TSSI: a reply to Kliman and Freeman, written by Simon Mohun and Roberto Veneziani, published in Capital & Class, volume 30, number 2, issue 92, in the year 2006, pages 139–145, by the Conference of Socialist Economists.
• Recent debates on LTV: new interpretation, TSS, critiques, a manuscript file folder label inscribed with the identification code NA-23-52, prepared by Anwar Shaikh, PhD, on June 5, 2026.
• A temporal single-system interpretation of Marx’s value theory, written by Andrew J. Kliman and Ted McGlone, published in the Review of Political Economy, …

Currency Trading Using The Fractal Market Hypothesis, Jonathan Blackledge, Kieran Murphy

Articles

We report on a research and development programme in financial modelling and economic security undertaken in the Information and Communications Security Research Group (ICSRG, 2011) which has led to the launch of a new company - Currency Traders Ireland Limited - funded by Enterprise Ireland. Currency Traders Ireland Limited (CTI, 2011) has a fifty year exclusive license to develop a new set of indicators for analysing currency exchange rates (Forex trading). We consider the background to the approach taken and present examples of the results obtained to date.

Chapter 3, Two Versions, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, Anwar. Handwritten archival overview notes regarding multiple versions of chapter three and macrofoundations of method. Unpublished manuscript.
• Shaikh, Anwar. Microfoundations, emergent properties and nonlinear dynamics. Unpublished work.
• Shaikh, Anwar. Earlier raw draft version of chapter three titled microfoundations, emergent properties and nonlinear dynamics. Unpublished work.

Responses To The Assurance Game In Monkeys, Apes, And Humans Using Equivalent Procedures, Sarah F. Brosnan, Audrey E. Parrish, Michael J. Beran, Timothy Flemming, Lisa Heimbauer, Catherine F. Talbot, Susan P. Lambeth, Steven J. Schapiro, Bart J. Wilson

ESI Publications

There is great interest in the evolution of economic behavior. In typical studies, species are asked to play one of a series of economic games, derived from game theory, and their responses are compared. The advantage of this approach is the relative level of consistency and control that emerges from the games themselves; however, in the typical experiment, procedures and conditions differ widely, particularly between humans and other species. Thus, in the current study, we investigated how three primate species, capuchin monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans, played the Assurance (or Stag Hunt) game using procedures that were, to the best of …

Strategic Behavior In Schelling Dynamics: A New Result And Experimental Evidence, Juan Miguel Benito, Pablo Brañas-Garza, Penélope Hern´Andez, Juan A. Sanchis

ESI Working Papers

In this paper we experimentally test Schelling’s (1971) segregation model and confirm the striking result of segregation. In addition, we extend Schelling’s model theoretically by adding strategic behavior and moving costs. We obtain a unique subgame perfect equilibrium in which rational agents facing moving costs may find it optimal not to move (anticipating other participants’ movements). This equilibrium is far for full segregation. We run experiments for this extended Schelling model. We find that the percentage of strategic players dramatically increases with the cost of moving and that the degree of segregation depends on the distribution of rational subjects.

Double Bubbles In Assets Markets With Multiple Generations, Cary Deck, David Porter, Vernon Smith

ESI Working Papers

We construct an asset market in a finite horizon overlapping-generations environment. Subjects are tested for comprehension of their fundamental value exchange environment, and then reminded during each of 25 periods of its declining new value. We observe price bubbles forming when new generations enter the market with additional liquidity and bursting as old generations exit the market and withdrawing cash. The entry and exit of traders in the market creates an M shaped double bubble price path over the life of the traded asset. This finding is significant in documenting that bubbles can reoccur within one extended trading horizon and, …