Archaeological Anthropology Commons^™

The Upper Mississippian Component At The Fort Meigs Site, Northwest Ohio, With Special Emphasis On The Analysis Of The Ceramic Assemblage, William Evan Rutter

Masters Theses

An introduction to the late prehistoric Upper Mississippian component of the Ft. Meigs site is presented. Site context and history of research are presented, and the non-ceramic artifact assemblage is analyzed and discussed. An in depth analysis of the ceramic assemblage is presented, as well as discussion of the osteological, floral, and faunal remains. Ft. Meigs is then examined from a culture ecological perspective, and is discussed in terms of culture historical data and a theoretical schema. The site is employed to aid in illumination of the process of culture contact in general, and within the western Lake Erie Basin …

A Formal Analysis Of Ceramic Vessels From The Schlemmer Site (11-S-382): A Late Woodland/ Mississippian Occupation In St. Clair County, Illinois, Thomas Edward Berres

Masters Theses

The Schlemmer site is located about 20 km southwest of Cahokia Mounds State Park at the southern edge of Dupo, Illinois. This thesis analayzes 166 vessels recovered from 29 pit and structural features at the southern portion of the site. Using a newly defined late prehistoric American Bottom chronology, the Schlemmer vessels were assigned to either Patrick phase (A.D. 600-800) or Lindeman phase (A.D. 950-1000) components. The research discussed in this thesis attempts to describe and explain the formal variation in Schlemmer ceramic vessels through time and space. To this end, the ceramics have undergone both analytical attribute and typological …

Archaeological Perspectives Of The Lumber Industry In Northern Lower Michigan, 1865-1920, Rebecca Ellen Dinsmore

Masters Theses

In an attempt to generate predictive statements about site structure and location, the nature of lumber industry development is examined through historical and environmental relationships between logging sites, early logging methods, transportation technology, and the presettlement forest as reconstructed from the original General Land Office surveyor field notes and plats. Eighteen historic logging sites recorded on the Huron National Forest and within the Au Sable River watershed comprise the data set. The purpose of this study is two-fold: (a) to reconstruct the lumber industry history along the Au Sable River, and (b) to develop a means of locating, identifying, and …

64-Phase I Archaeological Assessment Of The Tekonsha Sewage Plant Expansion Project, Village Of Tekonsha, Calhoun County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Upon request from Mr. Daniel Romes, President of Gove Associates, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, acting on behalf of Thousand Trails, Inc., Des Plaines, Illinois, the Principal Investigator, Dr. William M. Cremin, submitted a proposal and budget for on-site evaluation of about 10 acres (4 ha) of land adjacent to the existing sewage treatment facilities of the Village of Tekonsha, Calhoun County,. Michigan. There follows a report of fieldwork conducted on 29 Nov 84, together with appropriate background information and recommendations based upon our findings.

15-An Archaeological Survey In Pavilion And Schoolcraft Townships, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, William M. Cremin, David G. De Fant, Diane L. Adams

Archaeological Reports

During the 1984 field season, Dr. William Cremin and the Western Michigan University archaeological field school continued the program of site location survey that had been initiated two years earlier in Pavilion Township (T3S RlOW), Kalamazoo County, Michigan. In addition, a small area flanking the north end of Barton Lake in nearby Schoolcraft Township (T4S RllW) was similarly evaluated. With the cooperation of numerous area landowners and local artifact collectors, almost 40 parcels of land aggregating 361 ha in Pavilion and 33 ha in Schoolcraft townships were surveyed by means of surface reconnaissance procedures. There follows a report of our …

65-An Archaeological Survey Of The Coves Apartments, Vicksburg, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

At the request of Mr. Karl Freed, Vice President-Director of Planning, Gave Associates, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, acting on behalf of Mr. Louis P. Schimp, Lou Schimp and Associates, Inc., Vicksburg, Michigan, the Principal Investigator, Dr. William M. Cremin, submitted a proposal and budget for on-site evaluation of a two acre parcel of land at the intersection of Prairie Street and The Boulevard and adjacent to Sunset Lake in the Village of Vicksburg, Kalamazoo County, Michigan. There follows a report of fieldwork conducted on 6 Dec 84, together with the appropriate background information and recommendations based upon our findings.

63-An Archaeological Survey Of The Yacht Harbor Development Project In South Haven, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Pursuant to the receipt of a signed and dated (9 Oct 84) contract from Mr. Douglas F. Schroeder, Managing Partner, Yacht Harbor Development Company, South Haven, Michigan, authorizing Phase I archaeological study of the project area, a survey team from the Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University undertook on-site evaluation in order to determine if a planned complex of marina with boatyard facilities, condominium units, and a hotel and restaurant would have an impact on potentially significant cultural resources. There follows a report of fieldwork conducted on 11 Oct 84, together with appropriate background information and recommendations based upon the …

66-An Archaeological Survey Of The Manistee 25 Pipeline For The Michigan Consolidated Gas Company, Manistee County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

At the request of Mr. Karl Freed, Vice President-Director of Planning, Gove Associates, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, and in response to a Request For Proposal (RFP) from Michigan Consolidated Gas Company, Detroit, Michigan, the Principal Investigator, Dr. William M. Cremin, submitted a proposal and budget for a Phase I archaeological site location survey of the Manistee 25 Pipeline corridor in Manistee County, Michigan. There follows a report of fieldwork undertaken on 15 Dec 84, together with appropriate background information and recommendations based upon the field research .

Distribution Analysis Of The Cultural Materials From The Mushroom Site (20 Ae 88), Allegan County, Michigan, Charles B. Stout

Masters Theses

An analysis of the features, lithics, and spatial distributions of all material culture recovered at the Mushroom site is presented. Based on this analysis and the ceramic analysis done by Mangold (1981:39-67), it is suggested that the major component at the Mushroom site was a warm season encampment, occupied during the late Middle Woodland period. The site appears to have been occupied by a few groups at a time. Comparison between the Mushroom site and the late Middle Woodland component at the Schultz site suggests that fishing may have been an important economic focus at the Mushroom site. Unlike the …

An Analysis Of Plant Remains From Draper Park, A Late Woodland Site In Southeastern Michigan, Jean F. Marek

Masters Theses

This paper presents an analysis of the plant remains from the Draper Park site, a food processing area located on the west side of the rapids at the head of the St. Clair River, which was occupied from the seventh century through the fourteenth century A.D. Activities relating to the procurement of two primary resources, fish and squash, were carried out during spring, summer, and fall. The exploitation of wild fruits (plums, cherries, elderberries, raspberries, and grapes) was of secondary importance.

11-Archaeological Test Excavations At The Galesburg Rest Area, Comstock Township, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

During late October 1982, a team of archaeologists from Western Michigan University conducted Phase II test excavations at three prehistoric sites located in the Galesburg Rest Area project along westbound I-94 in Comstock Township, Kalamazoo County, Michigan. Assessment in each case was achieved by means of a one percent random sample of the estimated site area. A mix of 1 X 1 m and 2 X 2m test squares was utilized, with the soil from each being processed through 6 mm mesh screen to facilitate the recovery of cultural material. Standard methods of recording the data were employed.

Although each …

12-Phase I Archeological Survey Of The Proposed Fishing Access Site At Calkins Bridge Dam, Allegan County, Michigan, Elizabeth B. Garland

Archaeological Technical Reports

Initiation of Project

In February of 1983 I was contacted by the State Archaeologist, Dr. John Halsey, regarding plans by the Department of Natural Resources 1 to develop a fishing access site at the Calkins Bridge Dam on the Kalamazoo River in Sec. 15 of Valley Township, Allegan County. Specifically, Dr. Halsey enquired whether this project would adversely affect the Elam Site (20AE195) an important prehistoric site situated near this locality (Figure 1). I info:nmed Dr. Halsey that the Elam Site would not be directly affected, but that the area for the proposed parking lot south of Allegan Dam Road …

62-Archaeobotanical Remains From Eight Sites In The Northfield, Burning Star Mine # 4, Perry County, Illinois, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

The Northfield research area of Consolidation Coal Company's Burning Star Mine # 4 flanks Upper Galum Creek, a tributary of the Big Muddy River in Perry County, Illinois. It is situated within the Southern Till Plains Division (Mt. Vernon Hill Country), an area.of mature topography evidencing low relief, gently rolling hills, and broad alluvial valleys. Although, floristically speakin~, the Galum Creek drainage is included within the Oak-Hickory Forest Region of the Western Mesophytic Forest (Braun.l950), the local vegetative pattern is best described as prairie-forest ecotone.

13- An Archaeological Evaluation Of The M-43/M-89 Intersection North Of The Village Of Richland, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, William M. Cremin, Caven P. Clark

Archaeological Technical Reports

On 1 Jun 83, the authors conducted a Phase I site location survey of 1.5 ha of land adjacent to the M-43/M-89 intersection one mile north of the Village of Richland, Kalamazoo County, Michigan. Systematic and intensive evaluation of the project area was accomplished by means of a combination of surface reconnaissance and shovel testing procedures.

Our fieldwork resulted in quick confirmation of the historic Andrew Jackson site (20KZ112) in the NW quadrant of the intersection (SE corner of Section 10), and we also recorded a· second site, the Curtis Farmstead (20KZ189), in the SW quadrant (NE corner of Section …

14-Archaeological Site Location Survey Of M-44 (East Belt Line), I-96 To 7 Mile Road, Kent County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

Between 21-23 Jun 1983, a team of archaeologists from the Department of Anthropology, W~stern Michigan University conducted a Phase I site_ location survey along M-44 (East Belt Line) from 7 Mile Road in Plainfield Township to I-96 in Grand Rapids Township, Kent County, Michigan. Systematic and intensive on-site evaluation of the project area was accomplished by means of a combination of surface reconnaissance and shovel testing procedures.

The data available to the team prior to the initiation of fieldwork indicated that six archaeological sites occurred in the general area of the project, with perhaps three of these sites lying, at …

16-Archaeological Test Excavations At The Yacht Harbor Site (20va57), City Of South Haven, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

With the execution of a contract (dated 29 Oct 84) between the Yacht Harbor Development Company and Western Michigan University, authorizing Phase II archaeological assessment of the Yacht Harbor site (20VA57) in the City of South Haven, Michigan, the project Principal Investigator, Dr. William M. Cremin, undertook to design a data recovery strategy, hire the research team, and procure the equipment and supplies necessary to conduct test excavations at this site. The research team then moved to the site, where the Phase II investigation was accomplished on 3-4 Nov 84. There follows a report of the program of research undertaken …

Analysis Of The Prehistoric Settlement Pattern Survey Project In The Lower Kalamazoo River Valley: The 1978 And 1979 Field Seasons, Deborah K. Rhead

Masters Theses

Western Michigan University's Settlement Pattern Survey, Implemented in the Spring of 1978 under the direction of Or. Elizabeth Garland, is an intensive problem-oriented survey aimed at discerning patterns of prehistoric settlement in Allegan County, Michigan. This thesis is based on the analysis of the Settlement Pattern Survey data for the 1978 and 1979 seasons. The use of sampling strategies in archaeology and corresponding problems with analytical statistics is examined with particular reference to the Settlement Pattern Survey Project. The application of cluster analysis to the Settlement Pattern Survey project 1s also discussed. As a result of this analysis, distinct patterns …

Significance Evaluation And Research Potential Of Prehistoric Sites In Thunder Basin National Grassland, Wyoming, Christopher A. Cojeen

Masters Theses

Known and potential prehistoric archeological sites in Thunder Basin National Grassland in Wyoming are examined and problems involved in significance evaluation are discussed. Emphasis is placed upon the need to develop research strategies to contend with two frequently encountered site types -- lithic scatters and stone circles. Some archeologists (Frison 1978; Tibesar et al. 1987) have suggested that further research on these site types would contribute substantially to an understanding to an understanding of High Plains prehistory. In conclusion, a recent attempt to develop a conceptual basis for prehistoric study in Thunder Basin National Grassland is discussed, and some regional …

Jesuit Rings From Fort Michilimackinac And Other European Contact Sues, Judith Ann Hauser

Masters Theses

An in-depth search of historical documentation and archaeological references indicates that there exists very little information on Jesuit rings. The primary references were statements in the Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents which strongly suggest that Jesuit rings were used as religious items by missionaries in the area known as New France.

Cleland (1972) hypothesizes that changes in the design, quality, and production of the rings over a 60 year period Indicate that the rings were used as trade items. .Very little has been published on this subject but there is some support for this hypothesis.

The largest number of rings …

10-An Archaealogical Survey Of The Proposed Drain Extension Along East Osceola Street, Reed City, Osceola County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

The East Osceola Street Drain Extension project comprises a narrow strip of land about 12 m wide by 132 m long and is located in Reed City, Michigan. The parcel was investigated by means of a systematic and intensive program of shovel testing that established both the undisturbed nature of subsurface deposits as suggested in the project description provided by the MOOT and the absence of potentially significant cultural resources. On the basis of the archaeological survey, together with a comprehensive review of the relevant maps, documents, and literature, it can be recommended that the project be permitted to proceed …

8-An Archaeological Survey Of The Expanded Galesburg Rest Area, Comstock Township, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

With the execution of a cooperative agreement (dated 26 Oct 81 and amended 13 May 82) between the Michigan Department of Transportation, the Michigan Department of State, and Western Michigan University, authorizing a Phase I archaeological evaluation of a small tract of land lying adjacent to the Galesburg Rest Area along westbound I-94 in Section 26 of Comstock Township, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, a team of researchers from the Department of Anthropology undertook a literature, documents, and site file search and on-site examination of the parcel in order to determine whether expansion of the existing rest area facilities would have an …

14-An Archaeological Survey Along Portage River And Dorrance Creek Above Indian Lake In Pavilion Township, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, William M. Cremin, Charles B. Stout, Michael L. Murphy

Archaeological Reports

For three weeks during the 1982 field season, the Western Michigan University archaeological field school was located near Indian Lake in Pavilion Township, T3S RlOW, Kalamazoo County, Michigan (Map 1). As part of the research program, systematic site location survey was planned for this area;one which had not received any prior archaeological attention. With the cooperation of area landowners and the assistance of several local artifact collectors, more than 20 parcels of cultivated land aggregating 3.9 km² were evaluated by means of surface re~onnaissance or walk-over survey. There follows a report of survey activity, together with descriptions of the …

48-Prehistoric Plant Remains From Site 21d3-L22, A Late Woodland Encampment Along White Walnut Creek (Deep Strip #3) Of Burning Star Mine #2, Perry County, Illinois, William B. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

The research area of this study lies in the prairie-forest ecotone of the Mt. Vernon Hill Country, an area of low relief characterized by gently rolling hills and broad alluvial valleys. Floristically, the area drained by White Walnut Creek is part of the Oak-Hickory Forest Region of the Western Mesophytic Forest (Braun 1950).

9-Phase Ii Testing Of 20ae622, A Late Woodland Site In Allegan, Michigan, Elizabeth B. Garland

Archaeological Technical Reports

Phase II testing of 20AE622 was carried out under terms of a contract between Western Michigan University and Gardner Management Company of Kalamazoo, Michigan, Mr. Jeff Gardner, President.

Western had conducted a Phase I survey of the project area in .May, 1981. Additional testing of the site was re.commended in the Phase I report (Clark and Garland 1981). In April, 1982, Mr. Gardner requested that we undertake testing of the site and a contractual agreement was signed. The field work was done over a three day period, April 19, 20 and 21, 1982.

49-Prehistoric Plant Remains From Site 21d3-67, A Mississippian Farmstead On White Walnut Creek (Deep Strip #3) Of Burning Star Mine #2, Perry County, Il, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

The research area of this study lies within the southern portion of the till plains region known as the Mt. Vernon Hill Country, an area of mature topography characterized by gently rolling hills and broad alluvial valleys. Floristically, the White Walnut Creek drainage is part of the Oak-Hickory Forest Region of the Western Mesophytic Forest as defined by Braun (1950).

50-An Archaeological Survey Of The Proposed Oakview Estates Site In New Buffalo, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

With receipt of a signed and dated (26 Aug 82} contract from Mr. Steven M. Davenport of Donlon-Lofgren-Maenhout and Associates, Architects, Inc., Mishawaka, Indiana, authorizing Phase I archaeological evaluation of the proposed Oakview Estates site in New Buffalo, Michigan, a research team from Western Michigan University undertook on-site investigation of the property in order to determine whether planned work relating to the construction of a residential complex would impact cultural resources. There follows a report of fieldwork conducted on 29 Aug 82, together with appropriate background information and recommendations derived from the team's research.

13-Historic Period Sites Recorded For The Kalamazoo River Basin, 1977-1981, William M. Cremin, Charles B. Stout

Archaeological Reports

During the five year Kalamazoo Basin Survey project (1976-1980), survey teams, under the direction of Dr. William M. Cremin of the Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University, investigated by means of surface reconnaissance nine survey transects placed across the Kalamazoo River in Allegan, Kalamazoo, Calhoun and Jackson Counties, Michigan. Surveyor coverage in the nine transects aggregated 135 km 2 , or 18% of the land area delimited by their boundaries, and resulted in the recording of 328 prehistoric sites. In addition, interviews with area landowners and collectors ~aving knowledge of local prehistory and the whereabouts of archaeological sites resulted in …

12-An Archaeological Survey Of The Thornapple River Basin In Hastings And Castleton Townships, Barry County, Michigan, William C. Cremin, Caven P. Clark

Archaeological Reports

When the Thornapple Basin Survey program commenced in 1979, the Barry County site files indicated the presence of only 64 archaeological sites in this area of the state. However, it was also quite apparent from the available data in the site files as well as from information provided by the Michigan History Division that no program of systematic archaeological research had ever been conducted in the county. And, clearly, this was a situation that the MHD desired to have remedied.

Aside from the interest expressed by the State Archaeologist, Dr. John Halsey, and his staff in having a program of …

Middle Woodland Ceramics Of Northwestern Indiana And Western Michigan, William L. Mangold

Masters Theses

Much information regarding the Middle Woodland occupation of northwestern Indiana and western Michigan has been recovered since the definition of the Goodall Focus by Quimby (1941a). The object of this report is to undertake a detailed stylistic analysis of the ceramic assemblages from Middle Woodland sites, including the vessels used to elucidate Middle Woodland cultural relationships within this region. An attempt is made to establish stylistic zones through the use of typological and attribute analysis.

The Paleoethnobotany Of The Upper Mississippi Component At The Elam Site, A Seasonal Encampment On The Lower Kalamazoo River, Kathryn E. Parachini

Masters Theses

Carbonized floral remains from the Elam site (20AE195) located on the Kalamazoo River in Allegan County, Michigan are identified and analyzed in terms of the local Upper Mississippian subsistence system. The function of Elam as a specialized activity locus in the seasonal round of a late prehistoric people is examined. Interpretations of the botanical data permit hypothetical reconstruction of vegetation and natural ecosystems in the site vicinity as they were prior to Euro-American contact. A warm weather seasonal re-occupation of several months duration is indicated, with intensive exploitation of several plant and animal resources abundant in the riverine and marsh …