Archaeological Anthropology Commons^™

81-Archaeobotany Of Site 11-J-814 (24b2-227), A Deeply Stratified Rock Shelter On The Little Muddy River In Burning Star Mine #5, Jackson County, Illinois, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

The WestField Extension oF Consolidation Coal Company's Burning Star Mine #5 is situated in the Little Muddy River drainage oF northeastern Jackson County, Illinois. It is located within but very near the southern terminus oF the Mt. Vernon Hill Country of the Southern Till Plains Division, with its characteristic mature topography and low relieF, and includes a 4.5 km long segment oF the lower river valley and an area oF uplands lying to the west of the river. Elevation across the study area ranges from about 108 m ASL along the Little Muddy to more than 120 m ASL on …

83-An Archaeological Survey Of The Covert Township Wastewater Treatment Facility, Van Buren County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Pursuant to receipt or authorization From Mr. Carl Malsom, Project Administration, WW Operation Services (dated 21 Dec 87), For a Phase I archaeological study or a 5.5 ha parcel in the NE 1/4 or Section 17, Covert Township, Van Buren Count~, Michigan, archaeologists in the Department or Anthropology, Western Michigan University undertook a literature and site File search and, with the arrival or appropriate weather and soil conditions, on 8 Mar 88 conducted onsite evaluation or the project area in order to determine whether construction of wastewater treatment facilities would adversely impact potentially significant archaeological resources. There Follows a report …

84-An Archaeological Survey Of The Relocated Metro Wastewater Treatment Plant Outfall In Section 3, T10n R1sw, Muskegon County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Pursuant to receipt of authorization from Dr. Y.A. Demirjian, Director, Muskegon County Wastewater Management System (contract dated 18 Apr 88; Purchase Order 88-04D33D), for a Phase I archaeological study of the proposed corridor for the relocated metro wastewater treatment plant outfall in the S 1/2 of Section 3, T10N R15W, Muskegon County, Michigan, archaeologists in the Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University initiated a site file search and on 25 Apr £8 conducted on-site evaluation of the project area in order to determine whether construction of the outfall would adversely impact potentially significant archaeological resources. There follows a report of …

86-Phase I Archaeological Assessment Of The Mosel Avenue Bridge Replacement And Riverview Drive Modification Project In Kalamazoo County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Upon receipt of authorization from Mra Herbert 0. Larkin, Engineer-Manager, Kalamazoo County Road Commission (contract dated 25 Jul 88)), far a Phase I archaeological study of the proposed improvements to the Mosel Avenue crossing of the Kalamazoo River and the adjacent road network in Kalamazoo Township, archaeologists in the Department of Anthropology at Western Michigan University initiated a site file search and literature review and an 24-25 Aug 88 conducted on-site evaluation of the project area in order to ascertain whether proposed construction activities would adversely impact potentially significant archaeological resources. There follows a report of our program of research, …

85-An Archaeological Survey Of The Ayers Road Extension In Sections 35-36, Summit Township (T3s R1w), Jackson County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Pursuant to receipt of authorization from Mr. Robert M. Zenz, Chairman, Board of County Road Commissioners (contract dated 27 Jul 88), for a Phase I archaeological site location survey of the Ayers Road Extension project in Sections 35-36 of Summit Township, Jackson County, Michigan, archaeologists in the Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University initiated a site file search and on 4 Aug 88 conducted on-site evaluation of the project area in order to determine whether proposed construction activities would adversely impact potentially significant archaeological resources. There follows a report of our research program, together with the recommendations derived from examination …

Lead Seals From Fort Michilimackinac, Mackinaw City, Michigan, Diane L. Adams

Masters Theses

Archaeologists have routinely identified small lead seals found on sixteenth- to eighteenth-century sites in North America as "bale seals." An analysis of the lead seals from Fort Michilimackinac, Mackinaw City, Michigan, (1715-1781) was conducted to determine whether the seals are actually cloth seals from individual textiles.

Four lines of evidence were examined in order to clarify the function(s) of lead seals: documentary sources, quantitative analysis of archaeological data from Fort Michilimackinac, comparative data from site reports, and cloth imprint analysis.

Available evidence supports an interpretation that most lead seals are cloth marks. Lead seals served as indicators of quality, ownership, …

21-Archaeological Test Excavations At The Stork Site (2dcs45), Porter Township, Cass County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

With the execution of a Cultural Resource Investigation work authorization (#5-86/87) under contract #85-1115 (MODS ER #1594) between the Michigan Department of Transportation, the Michigan Department of State, and Western Michigan University, calling For Phase II archaeological excavation of that portion of the Stork site (20CS45) lying within the expanded right-of-way on the north side of US-12 in Section 1 of Porter Township, Cass County, Michigan, researchers from the Department of Anthropology began a literature, documents, and site file search, reviewed reports of previous work on the site, and undertook limited test excavations on 1-2 Nov 86 in order to …

76-An Archaeological Survey Of The Eagle Lake And Buchanan Public Access Sites For The Michigan Department Of Natural Resources (Er-9381), William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Pursuant to receipt of authorization from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DPD No. 87-GA8562, dated 3 Apr 87) for a Phase I archaeological assessment of two properties in Kalamazoo and Berrien Counties, Michigan, archaeologists from the Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan Univ.ersity began a literature, documents, and site files search and prepared to conduct on-site evalaution of the.project areas in order to determine if proposed construction of recreational facilities would have an adverse impact on potentially significant archaeological resources. There follows a report of fieldwork undertaken at the Eagle Lake Public Access in Texas Township, Kalamazoo County on 9 …

22-Phase I Archaeological Survey And Reconnaissance Survey Of Above-Ground Resources Along Us-12 Fadm Us-127 In Woodstock Township To M-50 In Cambridge Township, Lenawee County, Michigan, William M. Cremin, Joann Sporleder

Archaeological Technical Reports

With the execution of a Cultural Resource Investigation work authorization (#6-86/87) under contract #85-1115 (MOOS EA-00096), on 23 Jan 87 between the Michigan Department of Transportation, the Michigan Department of State, and Western Michigan University, calling for a Phase I archaeological survey and reconnaissance survey of above-ground resources along a 12.1 km (7.5 mi) stretch of US-12 between US-127 and M-50 in Woodstock and Cambridge townships, Lenawee County, Michigan, the University undertook the following:

1. established an agreement with Crumlish/Sporleder and Associates, Inc. of South Bend, Indiana whereby this architectural firm would undertake the survey of above-ground resources in the zone …

77-Archaeological Survey Of Department Of Natural Resources Property Including Proposed Boating Facilities At Presque Isle Harbor, Presque Isle County, Michigan (Er-2036), William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Pursuant to receipt of authorization from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (OPD No. 87-GA8903, dated 17 Jul 87) for a Phase I archaeological survey of property including proposed boating facilities at Presque Isle Harbor in Presque Isle County, Michigan, archaeologists from the Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University began· a literature, documents, and site files search and prepared to conduct on-site evaluation of the project area in order to ascertaih whether proposed construction of recreational facilities would have an adverse impact on potentially significant < archaeological resources. There follows a report of fieldwork undertaken at Presque Isle Harbor on 2-3 Sep 87, together with appropriate background information and the recommendations derived from our program of research.

78-Archaeological Site Location Survey Of The Patten Corporation Michigan Property On Lake Allegan In Allegan County, Michigan (Er-87396, Easement File #64), William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Pursuant to receipt oF authorization From.Mr. Patrick C. Regan, Manager Technical Specialists, Patten Corporation Michigan (dated 17 Sep 87), for a Phase I archaeological survey of 119 acres (48 ha) of corporate holdings on Lake Allegan, Allegan County, Michigan, archaeologists in the Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University began a literature, documents, and site file search and prepared to undertake an-site evaluation oF the project area in order to ascertain whether proposed development of the property would adversely impact potentially significant archaeological resources. There follows a report of fieldwork conducted on 24-25 Sep 87, together with appropriate background information and …

17-An Archaeological Survey Of The Middle St. Joseph River Valley In St. Joseph County, Michigan, William M. Cremin, David De Fant, Conrad Kaufman, Sherry Wykstra, Brian Deroo

Archaeological Reports

Between 2-19 Jun 86, a team of researchers from Western Michigan University conducted a reconnaissance level survey of a 63.5 km² transect across the St. Joseph River Valley in Leonidas and Colon Townships, St. Joseph County, Michigan. They gained access to 77 parcels of farmland affording good to excellent surface visibility and aggregating 15.3 km 2 , or 24% of the entire study area. In the process, 87 new archaeological sites were located and recorded; another three sites were recorded on the basis of documentary evidence reviewed during the course of the project.

For each of 16 sampling strata …

An Analysis Of The Lithic Raw Materials And Diagnostic Projectile Points From The Settlement Pattern Survey Project In The Lower Kalamazoo River Valley, Amy L. Campbell

Masters Theses

This analysis was carried out on lithic materials collected during the three years of the Settlement Pattern Survey in the Lower Kalamazoo River valley, 1978-1980. The objectives of the study were to provide a firm temporal sequence for the prehistory of the area based on diagnostic projectile point styles, and to assess the dynamics of interregional contact via the identification of chert types from distant source areas. The sample of projectile points provided evidence of human occupation of the Lower Kalamazoo River valley from Paleoindian through Late Woodland times, most notably new evidence for significant occupation in the Early Archaic …

Prehistoric Firewood Exploitation: A Case Study From The Carolinian Biotic Province, David Gordon De Fant

Masters Theses

A case study approach is applied to the problem of prehistoric firewood selection and utilization within a heterogeneous woodland environment. Prefaced by an indepth survey of theoretical and methodological approaches relevant to understanding resource exploitation, a wood charcoal analysis of the Schwerdt site (20AE127) is presented. This analysis is then discussed in regard to environmental, preservational, and functional contexts. It is suggested that this wood charcoal assemblage represents a subtle yet pervasive pattern of firewood selectivity operating within the overt bounds of expedient procurement.

A Statistical Analysis Of The Lithic Material From The Zemaitis Site (200t68), Ottawa County, Michigan, Michael L. Murphy

Masters Theses

An analysis of the lith ic tools and a representative sample of debitage from the Zemaitis site is presented. The methodology employed in lith ic analysis is described with the goal of comparab ility with other studies. Based upon this comparison i t is suggested that the major occupation of the site was during the Middle Woodland Period and the site appears to have been occupied year-round. Because the Zemaitis site was undisturbed by modern agricultural techniques, special attention is given to the artifact distributions both vertically and horizontally across the site.

With the aid of various statistical models the …

17-Archaeological Investigations At The New Buffalo Weigh Stations, Berrien County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

With the execution of Work Authorizations under Contract# 85-1115 between the Michigan Department of Transportation, the Michigan Department of State, and Western Michigan University, authorizing Phase I and preliminary Phase II archaeological investigations at the New Buffalo Weigh Stations project along I-94 in Berrien County, Michigan, a team of researchers from the Department of Anthropology performed a systematic and intensive site location survey of the project area on 17 Nov 85 and preliminary test excavation of the New Buffalo Weigh Station site (20BE380) on 22-23 Mar 86.

Following our initial visit to the project in November, surveyors were able to …

19-Archaeological Survey Of The I-75nb Welcome Center, Moran Township, Mackinac County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

With the execution of a Cultural Resource Investigation work authorization (#4-86/87) under contract #85-1115 (MDOS ER #9262) betveen the MDOT, the MDOS, and WMU, authorizing a Phase I archaeological survey of the I-75NB Welcome Center in Moran Township, Mackinac County, Michigan, archaeologists undertook a systematic and intensive site location survey of the project area on 12-13 Oct 86.

Employing reconnaissance and shovel testing procedures, the survey team relocated and confirmed the existence of a site(s) in the eastern portion of the project and extending into the adjoining property of the Straits State Park. Although lithic debris and pieces of FRC …

16-The Indian And The Prairie: Prehistoric And Early Historic Utilization Of Native Grassland Environments In Kalamazoo County) Michigan, With Emphasis On Gourd-Neck Prairie In Schoolcraft Township. Project No. S85-212, William M. Cremin, David De Fant, Conrad Kaufman

Archaeological Reports

With grant support from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, administered by the Bureau of History, Michigan Department of State, a team of archaeologists from Western Michigan University has undertaken a program of fieldwork (with appropriate literature search and review of the documents) to identify archaeological sites and ascertain the nature of the activity conducted from them in an attempt to explain the nature of the relationship between the native inhabitants of Kalamazoo County and the former grassland environments that occurred here.

A review of the relevant literature prior to initiating a program of survey on Gourd-Neck Prairie …

74-Paleoethnobotanical Remains From Three Sites In The Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

No abstract provided.

72-Prehistoric Plant Residues From The Bonnie Creek Site (21c4-46), A Mississippian Farmstead In The Northfield, Burning Star Mine #4, Perry Co., Il, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

The site under investigation, Bonnie Creek (21C4-46), is located in the Northfield of Consolidation Coal Company's Burning Star Mine# 4, Perry County, Illinois. Lying within the southern portion of the Till Plains Division, known as the Mt. Vernon Hill Country, the Northfield exhibits a mature landscape of gently rolling hills and broad alluvial valleys through which flow Galum Creek and its major tributaries, Rock Fork and Bonnie creeks. Galum Creek, in turn, is tributary to the Big Muddy River of southern Illinois.

73-Archaeobotanical Analysis Of Screened And Flotation Residues From Sites 24n2-227 And 2482-231, Burning Star Mine #5, Jackson County, Illinois, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

The Westfield of Consolidation Coal Company's Burning Star Mine# 5 is located in northeastern Jackson County, Illinois. It lies within but near the southern terminus of the Mt. Vernon Hill Country of the Southern Till Plains Division and is characterized by mature topography and low relief; elevations ranges from about 108m ASL along the banks of the Little Muddy River, the principal stream draining the study area, to 120m ASL on adjacent uplands. The northern limits of the Greater Shawnee Hills Section of the Shawnee Hills Division lie about 20 km to the south, where the gently rolling hills and …

75-Archaeological Survey Of The Sumitec Corporation Expansion Project, City Of Benton Harbor, Michigan (Er 9289), William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

At the request of Ms. Joy Bauer, Consultant, and Mr. Michael R. Prochaska, President, M.R. Prochaska, Inc.,acting for the City of Benton Harbor, Michigan, the project Princigal Investigator, Dr. William M. Cremin, planned and initiated on-site evaluation of a parcel of land fronting on Paw Paw Avenue and intended for expansion of Sumitec Corporation facilities. There follows a report of fieldwork conducted on 20 Nov 86, together with appropriate background information and recommendations based upon our findings.

18-Archaeological Survey Of Hiscock #1-11 Well Pad (20ae813) And Access Road, Valley Township, Allegan County, Michigan, Elizabeth B. Garland

Archaeological Technical Reports

Project Inception

Michael G. Cote, District Geologist, Department of Natural Resources (Plainwell), contacted Elizabeth Garland by telephone on August 18, 1986, concerning preparation of an oil drilling locality in Valley Township, Allegan County. A map detailing the location was delivered to Garland by a representative of the Petroleum Leasing and Exploration Company (Allegan) the following day. Since the planned well site was seen to be near a stream and within half a mile of a known prehistoric site, an archaeological survey was deemed advisable. Field work was carried out on August 20 and 21 by Garland and two associates from …

20-Archaeological Survey Of The Us-23 Weigh Stations Project In Whiteford Township, Monroe County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

With the execution of a Cultural Resource Investigation work authorization (#6-86/87) under contract #85-1115 (MDOS ER #4573), as amended, on 10 Oct 86 between the Michigan Department of Transportation, the Michigan Department of State, and Western Michigan University, authorizing Phase I assessment of the US-23 Weigh Stations project in Whiteford Township, Monroe County, Michigan, archaeologists undertook a systematic and intensive on-site survey of the project on 20-21 Oct 86.

Employing reconnaissance and shovel testing,procedures, the survey team thoroughly examined an area of 25.9 ha (64 acres), making not a single observation of potential significance with respect to the presence in …

The Prehistory Of The Birch Run Road Site, Saginaw County, Michigan, Caven P. Clark

Masters Theses

The Birch Run Road site (20SA393), located in the archaeologic ally complex Saginaw Valley, was partially impacted by the extension of Birch Run Road across the Flint River. In many respects typical of Saginaw Valley sites as a whole, the Birch Run Road site produced artifacts attributable to the Early Archaic, Late Archaic, Late Woodland and historic periods. The prehistoric occupations are evaluated with special attention to the context and form of lithic raw materials, and use of projectile points in determining temporal placement. The Late Woodland component, ca. A.D. 800-1100, represents the most intensive occupation of the site. Physical …

70-Carbonized Plant Residues From Llct385, A Late Woodland Site Near The Carlyle Reservoir In Clinton County, Illinois, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Site llCT385 is a Late Woodland site of undetermined extent located in the southeast corner of Section 25, Irishtown Township, T3N R2W, Clinton County, Illinois. Today, this site occupies an actively eroding bank of the Carlyle Reservoir, but formerly it was situated on a ridge spur flanking the eastern margin of the Kaskaskia River Valley at an elevation of about 6 m above the river floodplain.

67-An Archaeological Survey Of The Mt. Pleasant Municipal Airport Expansion Project, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Upon receipt of a letter and purchase order from Mr. Duane Ellis, P.E., Director of the Department of Public Works, City of Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, authorizing a Phase I archaeological site location survey of the Mt. Pleasant Municipal Airport Expansion Project, surveyors from the Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University undertook on-site evaluation in order to determine if a planned extension of the airport runway into Section 7 of Chippewa Township would have an impact on potentially significant archaeological resources. There follows a report of fieldwork conducted on 13-14 Apr 85, together with appropriate background information and recommendations based upon …

69-Archaeobotanical Analysis Of Flotation Residues From The Jamestown Site (21c4-14), The Northfield, Burning Star Mine# 4, Perry County, Illinois, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Jamestown (21C4-14) is a large multicomponent site overlooking the confluence of Rock Fork, Bonnie, and Galum creeks in the Northfield, Burning Star Mine # 4, Perry County, Illinois. The Northfield is an area of mature topography featuring the gently rolling hills and broad alluvial valleys typical of the Till Plains province of south-central Illinois. Floristically~ it lies within the Oak-Hickory Forest Region of the Western Mesophytic Forest (Braun 1950). However, the local pattern of vegetation can best be described as forest-prairie ecotone, and the Jamestown site is optimally situated to have afforded its occupants easy access to the plant resources …

68-An Assessment Of The Archaeological Resources Of The Morrow Lake Wellfield, City Of Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Upon receipt of purchase order #29494 from the City of Kalamazoo, authorizing Phase I archaeological assessment of the Morrow Lake Wellfield in Comstock Township, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, and with the arrival in April of weather and soil conditions appropriate to such an undertaking, a research team from th~ Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University performed a survey of the project area in order to determine whether proposed well drilling activities would have an adverse impact on potentially significant cultural resources. There follows a report of fieldwork undertaken on 11 and 18 Apr 85, together with relevant background information and recommendations …

71-Prehistoric Plant Residues From The Big Woods (21c4-34) And Lightfoot (21c4-35) Sites, The Northfield, Burning Star Mine # 4, Perry County, Illinois, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

The Northfield research area of Consolidation Coal Company's Burning Star Mine# 4 occupies the Upper Galum Creek drainage of Perry County, Illinois. This stream, a tributary of the Big Muddy River, together with its principal tributaries, Bonnie and Rock Fork creeks, drains an area of mature topography featuring the low relief, gently rolling hills, and broad alluvial valleys typical of the Mt. Vernon Hill Country of the Southern Till Plains Division. Although, floristically speaking, the study area lies within the Oak-Hickory Forest Region of the Western Mesophytic Forest (Braun 1950), the local vegetative pattern can more properly be described as …