Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Rescue Of Fannie Mae And Freddie Mac – Module A: The Conservatorships, Daniel Thompson, Rosalind Z. Wiggins

Journal of Financial Crises

Two government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs), the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), dominated the secondary mortgage market during the US housing crisis, collectively holding or guaranteeing $5.3 trillion in mortgage assets by late 2007. As the crisis escalated, the two GSEs began to report substantial losses and their survival became uncertain. On September 6, 2008, the GSEs’ new regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), placed the firms into indefinite conservatorships, one step of a four-part government intervention to stabilize the enterprises. This case study evaluates the purpose and efficacy of the …

The Rescue Of American International Group Module Z: Overview, Rosalind Z. Wiggins, Aidan Lawson, Steven Kelly, Lily S. Engbith, Andrew Metrick

Journal of Financial Crises

In September 2008, in the midst of the broader financial crisis, the Federal Reserve Board of Governors used its emergency authority under Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act to authorize the largest loan in its history, a $85 billion collateralized credit line to American International Group (AIG), a $1 trillion insurance and financial company that was experiencing severe liquidity strains. In connection with the loan, the government received an equity interest representing 79.9% of the company’s ownership. AIG continued to experience a depressed stock price, asset devaluations, and the risk of ratings downgrades leading to questions about its solvency. …

The Rescue Of American International Group Module F: The Aig Credit Facility Trust, Alec Buchholtz, Aidan Lawson

Journal of Financial Crises

In September 2008, American International Group, Inc. (AIG) experienced a liquidity crisis. To avoid the insurance giant’s bankruptcy, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) extended an $85 billion emergency secured credit facility to AIG. In connection with the credit facility, AIG issued 100,000 shares of preferred stock, with voting rights equal to and convertible into 79.9% of the outstanding shares of AIG common stock, to an independent trust (the Trust) set up by the FRBNY. Three trustees held the stock for the sole benefit of the US Treasury, exercised the rights, powers, authorities, discretions, and duties of the …

The Rescue Of American International Group Module E: Maiden Lane Iii, Lily S. Engbith, Devyn Jeffereis

Journal of Financial Crises

Starting in mid-2007, American International Group (AIG) faced increasing collateral calls from counterparties looking to protect their positions in credit default swap (CDS) contracts that AIG had written on residential and commercial collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) (US COP 2010, 28-30). Per these agreements, the AIG parent company was responsible for insuring the value of the CDOs against the risk of a negative credit event, such as default (GAO 2011, 5; US COP 2010, 29-30). AIG’s immediate need for liquidity on September 16, largely driven by a securities lending program and those collateral calls, prompted the Federal Reserve to lend the …

The Rescue Of American International Group Module D: Maiden Lane Ii, Lily S. Engbith, Devyn Jeffereis

Journal of Financial Crises

In September 2008, American International Group (AIG) faced increasing difficulty in returning cash collateral to counterparties looking to terminate, rather than roll over, their securities lending agreements, in part because the company had invested the collateral in residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), which were becoming illiquid. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) provided liquidity to the company, including through the Securities Borrowing Facility (SBF), which allowed for the repayment of cash collateral but did not address the falling values of the RMBS. In November 2008, the Federal Reserve Board authorized the creation of Maiden Lane II (ML II), a …

The Rescue Of American International Group Module C: Aig Investment Program, Alec Buchholtz, Aidan Lawson

Journal of Financial Crises

In September 2008, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) extended an $85 billion credit line to AIG to address its liquidity stresses, but AIG’s balance sheet remained under pressure. The insurance giant was projected to report large third-quarter losses and was at risk of being downgraded by major credit rating agencies. For these reasons, in early November 2008, the US Treasury invested $40 billion of Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP) funds into AIG in exchange for 4 million shares of AIG Series D preferred stock and a warrant to purchase AIG common stock. The investment helped repay a …

The Rescue Of American International Group Module B: The Securities Borrowing Facility, Lily S. Engbith, Alec Buchholtz, Devyn Jeffereis

Journal of Financial Crises

In 2008, American International Group (AIG) was among the largest insurance corporations in the world and maintained a profitable securities lending program. However, AIG invested much of the cash collateral received from counterparties in residential mortgage-backed securities, whose value began to collapse rapidly and unexpectedly, creating liquidity strain for AIG when borrowers returned their securities. Because of these strains, credit downgrades, and losses, in September, the company sought assistance from the Federal Reserve which, on October 6, 2008, approved the establishment of the Securities Borrowing Facility by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY). The FRBNY agreed to loan …

The Rescue Of American International Group Module A: The Revolving Credit Facility, Alec Buchholtz, Aidan Lawson

Journal of Financial Crises

On September 15, 2008, the big three rating agencies downgraded AIG’s credit ratings multiple levels, exacerbating liquidity strains that the company was experiencing due to increasing cash demands by securities borrowers and collateral calls by credit default swap (CDS) customers. To prevent AIG from filing for bankruptcy, the Federal Reserve (the Fed) announced on the following day that, pursuant to its emergency powers, it would provide the company with an $85 billion Revolving Credit Facility (RCF). The RCF was secured by AIG assets and interests in its subsidiaries and required AIG to grant the US Department of the Treasury a …

Stress Tests And Policy, Greg Feldberg, Andrew Metrick

Journal of Financial Crises

Ten years after the Federal Reserve’s crisis-era bank stress test, it is time to recalibrate the stress tests for “peacetime.” Outside of a crisis, supervisors should tailor stress tests to focus on their comparative advantages by taking a macroprudential focus, with severe scenarios that enable them to learn about emerging risks in both traditional and shadow banking sectors. In peacetime, also, supervisors should emphasize risk- management practices and be wary of forcing rapid changes in capital levels for individual banks, while linking stress-test results with countercyclical capital buffers across the system.

What's In A Name: Influence Of Sports Team Name Changes On Pros, Fans, & Related Parties, Bridget Lewis, Marie Mallory

Liberty University Research Week

Graduate

Three Minute Thesis

Capturing The Digital Dollar: How Religious Nonprofits Are Adopting Social Media Strategies For Adoption, Engagement, And Community, Hannah Rotter, Marie Mallory

Liberty University Research Week

Graduate

Three Minute Thesis

Covid-19'S Impact On Higher Education Communication, Abigail Sanders, Carmen Navarro

Liberty University Research Week

Graduate

Three Minute Thesis

Embodied Healing: The Creative Arts Personal Growth Group For Eating Disorder Recovery (Capg-E), Sandra Noble, Lisa S. Sosin

Liberty University Research Week

Graduate

Three Minute Thesis

The Lack Of Mentorship Among Black Women Faculty At Predominately White Institutions, Caitlyn Ybarra, Mary Deacon

Liberty University Research Week

Graduate

Three Minute Thesis

Developing Peer Mentorship In Counselor Education: A Literature Review, Brian Paulson, Jody Vernam, Bridger Falkenstien, Lynn Bohecker, Nivischi Edwards

Liberty University Research Week

Graduate

Theoretical Proposal

Making A Place At The Table: A Guide For Small, Rural, And Suburban Libraries, Laura C. Collins

South Carolina Libraries

This article serves as resource for libraries in rural and suburban areas that are serving communities experiencing changes to their ethnic diversity, particularly an influx of immigrants from one central location with English as a second language (i.e. India, China, Syria, etc.). Within, resources include: research supporting the benefits of having a multilingual collection; common missteps and pitfalls in serving minority communities; examples of how to determine the community’s needs; provides recommendations for finding community partners; and shares resources from the American Library Association and other organizations to find grants, develop collections, and conduct outreach services.

Source Evaluation Strategies For The Misinformation Age, Allison I. Faix

South Carolina Libraries

This article provides a summary of recent criticisms of checklist approaches to source evaluation to build a fuller picture of the issues involved with relying on checklists and factors that have increased the complexity of evaluating sources in the misinformation age. It then looks at new source evaluation strategies and methods which can be used by teachers and librarians to better prepare students for the internet realities they now face in their academic and personal online research.

Ungrasping The Other: The Parent, The Child, And The Making Of Solidarities. A Response To Esther Ohito, Rubén Gaztambide-Fernández

Occasional Paper Series

The child reaches forward with his toes, extending to touch the world from the comfort of his mother’s lap. She smiles, wide brown eyes into the camera, left hand resting on her left knee while the index finger of her right hand clinches the child’s overalls near his belly, holding him in place. He smiles, wide eyes into the camera, right hand resting on her right wrist while the index finger of his left hand points forward. He feels the warmth of his mother’s chin resting on his nearly bald head, nested in the safety of her crossed legs. The …

The Rise Of Liberalism Among The American Youth, Katherine Deturk, Audrey Thomas

Liberty University Research Week

Undergraduate

Textual or Investigative

Animal-Assisted Therapy: Adjunct Therapy For Victims Of Human Trafficking, Jesse Mathis, Sonya Heckler Cheyne

Liberty University Research Week

Graduate

Theoretical Proposal

Supporting Marginalized Doctoral Counselor Educators, Johanna Dillenbeck, Kimberly Spellman, Nivischi Edwards

Liberty University Research Week

Graduate

Theoretical Proposal

Blood At The Root, Jarrett Martin Drake

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

What is the sound of silence and what is the sight of absence? The following essay situates itself along those two questions by devoting close ethnographic attention to the lives and afterlives of seven people—Delia, Renty, Jem, Alfred, Fassena, Drana, and Jack—whose reflections resonate and resound throughout the world of archives. I argue that a theory of archival power must consider the role of process and place in the shaping of modern memory practices. The article begins by narrating the story of how these seven people came to occupy the center of the archival universe. Next, it traces a tale …

University Students’ Readiness For E-Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An Assessment Of The University Of Health And Allied Sciences, Ho In Ghana, George Tesilimi Banji Phd, Mabel Frempong, Stephen Okyere, Abdul Sakibu Raji

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The main goal of this paper was to investigate the university students’ readiness for E-learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The rationale was to explore students’ readiness for the various E-learning platforms, examine the challenges faced by students in the use of the E-learning platforms (module) during Covid-19 Pandemic and also investigate the benefits of the use of the E-learning platforms. This study adopted a survey research design. From the 2019/2020 academic year of the University of Health and Allied Sciences, 345 students were selected by convenient sampling method. Their readiness for E-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic was assessed by a …

No Shushing: Addressing Silences In Our Collections, Sherise Kimura, Gina Murrell, Annie Reid, Elisa J. Rodrigues, Justine Withers

Gleeson Library Faculty and Staff Research and Scholarship

Gleeson Library/Geschke Center employees will share how they are incorporating anti-racist work into current and planned projects that address whose stories are told in our libraries and archives. These projects serve to elevate underrepresented voices and make them more discoverable, as well as engage the USF community in our efforts to build diverse collections. Projects discussed will include the Black Student Union (BSU) at USF digital collection, Black Lives Matter and other campus collections in archives, the Anti-Racism Resources research guide, Gleeson’s Collection Development Diversity Statement, adding diverse material to the library’s collections, correcting outdated and offensive subject headings …

Data Literacy & The Academic Library, Ellie Dworak

Library Faculty Publications and Presentations

Answers the questions "What is data literacy?" "Why is data literacy important?" and "How can libraries support data literacy?"

Promising Flex Program Initiatives To Support Critical Access Hospitals During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Celia Jewell Rn, Mph, Sara Kahn-Troster Mph, John Gale Ms

Rural Hospitals (Flex Program)

This brief reports on promising State Flex Program (SFP) strategies to support Critical Access Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. SFPs adapted existing initiatives and implemented new activities to address the emerging needs of CAHs during the pandemic. With approval from the Federal Office of Rural Health, the SFPs redirected funds and activities to address the evolving COVID-19 needs of CAHs while maintaining fidelity to Flex Program goals. Based on qualitative interviews with seven SFPs, the authors, members of the Flex Monitoring Team, discuss initiatives such as resiliency training for frontline staff; packaging and dissemination of COVID-19 information; public health messaging; …

Health Policy Institute Of Ohio Practicum Experience, Farhiya Hirsi

Masters Theses/Capstone Projects

My practicum was completed at the Health Policy Institute of Ohio. I was given a wide range of projects to work on. Some of these projects needed to be completed as quickly as possible while others had a longer due date. These projects included updating HPIO’s online resource pages for the addiction resource page ( AEP) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). I conducted literature review and other research on ACEs that was part of the ACEs Impact Project. I also analyzed COVID-19 data on race and ethnicity and learned new skills as a result. I did quality control on the …

Rfp Program Perseveres: Continuing Efforts For Resilient Families & Communities Despite The Covid-19 Pandemic, Cadence Gazo, Heba Aljumaily, Lora Haynes

Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase

Since 2011, UofL’s Resilient Families Project (RFP) has offered programs at Wayside Christian Mission’s Hotel Louisville to promote evidence-based habits of resilience, mindfulness and happiness in families experiencing homelessness and women in drug and alcohol recovery. RFP’s mission involves growing healthy attachment relations across the lifespan and a sense of community/belonging and purpose. Family/interactive reading and carefully chosen children’s storybooks are the platform for programs that take place Thursdays nearly year-round and typically serve approximately 100 community members. Despite RFP programs having been put on hold through the COVID-19 pandemic, as RFP interns we worked to assess/evaluate programs and develop/refine …

Stress To Success: A Children's Book About Handling Stressful Situations, Marina Pennycuff

Honors Projects

For this project, I investigated the importance of bibliotherapy with school-aged children through the construction of my own children’s book that is focused around social-emotional aspects that are important for development. In particular, this children’s book was focused around different stressful events that can occur in a child’s life. This project allowed me to have a hands-on approach in researching this central topic. Another major goal for this project was that it granted me the ability to create a physical copy of a book that I will be able to use as a tool in my future career working with …

Conference Critique: An Analysis Of Equity, Diversity, And Inclusion Programming, Brittany Paloma Fiedler, Brittani Sterling

Library Faculty Presentations

You are a person interested in equity, diversity, and inclusion (or EDI), so you are excited to attend conference sessions that have the words equity, diversity, and inclusion in the titles and descriptions. However, these panels are not always what you expect. They mean all learning styles are equal. They mean the participants come from a diversity of places. They mean libraries should include more civility between colleagues. If you are a librarian whose professional interest is firmly rooted in EDI, you wonder how conference presenters can use these words without realizing that they have scholarly significance to those who …