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2020

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

SociolingüÍStica Urbana, SociolingüÍStica Rural : El Caso De La RegióN Del Cibao, RepúBlica Dominicana, Juanita M. Reyes Jan 2020

SociolingüÍStica Urbana, SociolingüÍStica Rural : El Caso De La RegióN Del Cibao, RepúBlica Dominicana, Juanita M. Reyes

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Resumen

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Patrons Of Violence : Drivers And Dimensions Of State Support For Rebel Groups, Nakissa Jahanbani Jan 2020

Patrons Of Violence : Drivers And Dimensions Of State Support For Rebel Groups, Nakissa Jahanbani

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Why do some states support rebel groups? This area of study has garnered more attention in the aftermath of the Cold War, as states continue to leverage proxy groups against one another. To understand the causes and consequences of state support, this dissertation builds on existing work in the state sponsorship, terrorism, and interstate rivalry literature. The research questions in this dissertation ask: (1) why states provides specific types of sponsorship; (2) what, if any, is the effect of interstate rivalry on the global network of state support; and (3) why are some Islamist rebel groups more violent than others. …

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Knowledge And Use Of Cannabis Edibles In A College Sample, Stacey Farmer Jan 2020

Knowledge And Use Of Cannabis Edibles In A College Sample, Stacey Farmer

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Cannabis use is a prevalent behavior among college students; however, less is known about edible cannabis use in this population. Available research indicates that college students are indeed using cannabis edibles, even in states where cannabis is not legalized for recreational use. The present study sought to assess the prevalence and knowledge of cannabis use in a college population and to assess the utility of a brief presentation on participant's knowledge and scores on an adopted measure of health literacy to assess the ability to read a manufactured cannabis edible label. Hypotheses predicted greater health literacy in experimental condition compared …

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Effect Of Draxin Manipulation On Btbr Mouse Brain And Behavior, Adam Blau Jan 2020

Effect Of Draxin Manipulation On Btbr Mouse Brain And Behavior, Adam Blau

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is known for distinct behavioral phenotypes such as a preference for repetitive activities and difficulty in socialization. However, little is known about what might cause ASD. Current evidence implicates genetics as playing a substantial role in ASD. Mouse models, such as BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) inbred mice, are an invaluable resource for ASD research, as they allow the investigation of both genetics and behavior in parallel. BTBR mice are of interest due to their reduced hippocampal commissure (HC) and absent corpus callosum (CC), along with increased exploratory activity, decreased anxiety, reduced sociability, and increased repetitive self-grooming …

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The Influence Of Ethnic Identity Commitment, Discrimination, And Sexism On Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Latina College Students, Melissa M. Ertl Jan 2020

The Influence Of Ethnic Identity Commitment, Discrimination, And Sexism On Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Latina College Students, Melissa M. Ertl

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

According to intersectionality theory, exposure to experiences of oppression predispose individuals from disadvantaged groups to experience disparities in health. Such disparities are evident in the sexual health outcomes among college student-age Latina women living in the US, who tend to report significantly worse sexual health outcomes than their peers. Guided by intersectionality frameworks, the present study examined Latina college students’ sexual risk behaviors in relation to ethnic identity and experiences of discrimination and sexism. Commitment to ethnic identity was expected to negatively relate with sexual risk, and experiences of discrimination and sexism were hypothesized to moderate the association between commitment …

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The Role Of Knowledge-Building Experience With Media Channels On Perceptions And Reactions To Performance Feedback, Kimberly Lepore Braddock Jan 2020

The Role Of Knowledge-Building Experience With Media Channels On Perceptions And Reactions To Performance Feedback, Kimberly Lepore Braddock

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In today’s workplace, managers are expected to provide ongoing informal performance feedback to their employees. This becomes a challenge when organizations are geographically dispersed and managers do not work in the same location as their subordinates. Managers must identify a media channel to use for hosting these informal employee performance discussions, and the traditional method of face-to-face is not always an option. This study evaluates the extent to which the communication channel used to host informal performance conversations influences employees’ perceptions of media richness, ease of use, channel usefulness, and feedback effectiveness. Results suggest that channel type influences employees’ perceptions …

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Essays On The Stem Doctoral Labor Market, Holden Alexander Diethorn Jan 2020

Essays On The Stem Doctoral Labor Market, Holden Alexander Diethorn

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

STEM doctorates are a key input to both academic and industry R&D and are thus fundamental to the rate of innovation and long-term economic growth of the global economy. This thesis focuses on how immigration policy and postdoctoral training impact the career outcomes of STEM doctorates and consists of three essays appearing as chapters.

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What Does "Caliban's Woman" Sound Like? : A Study Of Indo-Guyanese Women's Emergent Voice In The Us, Caitlin Irene Janiszewski Jan 2020

What Does "Caliban's Woman" Sound Like? : A Study Of Indo-Guyanese Women's Emergent Voice In The Us, Caitlin Irene Janiszewski

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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The Reliability Of Single-Item Assessments, Sijun Zhang Jan 2020

The Reliability Of Single-Item Assessments, Sijun Zhang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Single-item assessments have become more popular recently in distinct areas, even though there is no consensus about whether they are sufficiently reliable. Researchers have developed methods to estimate the reliability of single-item assessments, some are based on factor analysis (method FA), correction for attenuation (method CA), and others employ Molenaar and Sijtsma’s theory (method MS), coefficient λ6 (method λ6), or latent class model (method LCRC). However, no empirical study has investigated which method estimates the reliability of single-item assessment most precisely. This study investigated this question via a simulation study. To represent assessments as found in practice, the simulation study …

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Therapy Expectations And Preferences, The Role Of Identity, And Help-Seeking Attitudes Among Racially Diverse College Students : A Qualitative Study, Adela Scharff Jan 2020

Therapy Expectations And Preferences, The Role Of Identity, And Help-Seeking Attitudes Among Racially Diverse College Students : A Qualitative Study, Adela Scharff

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background. Racial/ethnic minority college students seek therapy at lower rates than their white peers (Hunt et al., 2015), and men seek therapy at lower rates than women (Morgan et al., 2003). Further research is needed to understand potential mechanisms of differential help-seeking. Current study. In order to explore help-seeking in college students, we assessed expectations and preferences for therapy, perceptions about the role of gender and race/ethnicity in therapy, and attitudes toward seeking mental healthcare. Method. We interviewed (N = 98) college students from racially diverse backgrounds about their perceptions, attitudes, and expectations for therapy and therapist selection. Interview results …

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Using Systems Archetypes And Generic Structures To Support Water Resource Management Studies : The Case Of Cropping Pattern Change In New Mexico State, Babak Bahaddin Jan 2020

Using Systems Archetypes And Generic Structures To Support Water Resource Management Studies : The Case Of Cropping Pattern Change In New Mexico State, Babak Bahaddin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A wide range of managerial problems are similar in nature, and yet they continuously appear in different forms and in different geographical locations. Compared to other sciences, it seems that in the field of management, managers have a hard time facing these similar problems. Part of this issues is caused by the extreme complexity of the systems and another part is caused by the lack of a universal language with which managers can communicate their lessons. This dissertation offers a set of tools that have been previously manufactured in systems science, and more specifically in System Dynamics.

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Reducing The Impact Of Exposure To Idealized Body Images Across Genders : An Experimental Investigation Of Policy And Media Literacy Interventions, Joseph M. Donahue Jan 2020

Reducing The Impact Of Exposure To Idealized Body Images Across Genders : An Experimental Investigation Of Policy And Media Literacy Interventions, Joseph M. Donahue

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Body image disturbances are associated with increased risk of depression, low self-esteem, and eating disorders. Research has established that exposure to images of idealized bodies can negatively impact an individual’s body image. The digital modification of such images is a widespread practice used by publishers, advertisers, and the general public alike. Recent attention has been focused on the inclusion of disclaimers labels on enhanced images as a way of preserving individuals’ body image. To date, several studies have explored the effectiveness of this intervention in women which have yielded conflicting results. Although evidence suggests that males are increasingly exposed to …

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Necessary Evil : How Student Loans Are Incorporated Into People's Everyday Lives, Abby J. Stivers Jan 2020

Necessary Evil : How Student Loans Are Incorporated Into People's Everyday Lives, Abby J. Stivers

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Student loan levels in the United States have risen since their inception by the Federal Government in 1958 and they continue to rise today. Economists and the general public are at odds about what this means. The public narrative, as evidenced by news coverage, op-eds, social movements and polling data, suggest that student loans have become a “crisis” that negatively impacts the lives of young Americans. Economists, meanwhile, argue that there is no “crisis” with student loans. They argue instead that the notion of “crisis” is fueled by the fear of the growing dollar amount that student loans represent and …

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Allegories Of Neoliberalism : Contemporary South Asian Fictions, Forms Of Appearance, And The Critique Of Capitalism, Zayed Sarker Hasan Al Jan 2020

Allegories Of Neoliberalism : Contemporary South Asian Fictions, Forms Of Appearance, And The Critique Of Capitalism, Zayed Sarker Hasan Al

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In his book After Critique, Mitchum Huehls writes that neoliberalism is “the socio-cultural dominant” of our contemporary moment. In this study, I ask: if neoliberalism is indeed the socio-cultural dominant today, how have contemporary South Asian fictions responded to it? Drawing upon Fredric Jameson’s hypothesis that all literary works are allegorical, I argue that in contemporary South Asian fictions, the representation of neoliberalism has often taken two different historical trajectories: apprehension of it as a structure of feeling, and critique of its corrosive effects on society and the planet. Drawing upon contemporary scholarship, I outline a Marxist theory of neoliberalism. …

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Youth With Adhd : The Impact Of The Clinical Anxiety On Neuropsychological Functioning, Elisabeth Jeanne O'Rourke Jan 2020

Youth With Adhd : The Impact Of The Clinical Anxiety On Neuropsychological Functioning, Elisabeth Jeanne O'Rourke

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Children with ADHD demonstrate significant deficits in certain executive functions (EFs), including visual and verbal working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and sustained attention. Similar deficits have been observed in children with anxiety, however there is less evidence that inhibitory control is worse in these youth. More recently, research has examined the EF of children with comorbid ADHD and anxiety (ADHD + ANX). There is evidence that suggests that anxiety can play both a protective as well as harmful role for EF in these children. The current study sought to explore whether the performance of children with ADHD + ANX …

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Asian American Social Inequalities In Health, Acohol Use Disorder, And Chronic Medical Conditions, Daejun Park Jan 2020

Asian American Social Inequalities In Health, Acohol Use Disorder, And Chronic Medical Conditions, Daejun Park

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Objectives: To determine latent subgroups of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) and examine the associations between the subgroups, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and chronic medical conditions among AAPIs and whether risks for chronic medical conditions differ by a history of lifetime AUD. Method: The National Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions III (N = 36,309) provided by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) was utilized. Latent Class Analysis was used to examines the heterogeneity within response patterns to items that describe social inequality among AAPIs. Multinomial logistic regression and multiple logistic regressions were performed by adding …

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A Hunger For Justice : Everyday Forms Of Latinx Resistance In New York State's Capital Region, Cassandra Andrusz- Ho Ching Jan 2020

A Hunger For Justice : Everyday Forms Of Latinx Resistance In New York State's Capital Region, Cassandra Andrusz- Ho Ching

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Low-income racialized communities have always disproportionately struggled with food system inequities. However, after the 2008 financial crisis, conditions have become more precarious, especially in Latinx communities. This context has resulted in intensified food system inequities, manifesting as food insecurity, high food pricing, inconsistent and partial food programming, diet related diseases, low wages, worker and environmental rights abuses. This dissertation examines how low-income Latinx communities, respond to these intensified inequities in the New York State Capital Region from 2008-2018. Through qualitative research, interviews and observations, I assess the nature and context of everyday practices that undermine or resist food system inequities, …

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The Role Of Earnings, Pharmaceutical Innovation, And Unemployment On Ssdi : Analysis Using Merged Sipp/Administrative Data, Angela Vanderwerken Jan 2020

The Role Of Earnings, Pharmaceutical Innovation, And Unemployment On Ssdi : Analysis Using Merged Sipp/Administrative Data, Angela Vanderwerken

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Since the inception of the Social Security Administration's Disability Insurance (SSDI) program in 1956, policy makers have grappled with the moral hazard problem present in a program offering payments to workers who leave the labor force due to disability. Disincentives exist for beneficiaries to return to work and earn more than the program-allowable level of income. Some insured workers may overestimate the severity of their impairment and underestimate their ability to work in order to qualify for and retain SSDI payments and the accompanying Medicare insurance benefits. While other measures of health outcomes have experienced noticeable improvement due to technological …

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Three Essays On Model Selection, Fangning Li Jan 2020

Three Essays On Model Selection, Fangning Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In empirical research, we often need to address the issue of what model to use given a collection of candidate models. Conventionally, we use model selection to choose one best model from the collection of candidate models based on some model selection criteria. Model averaging is a generalization of model selection in the sense that it assigns weights to candidate models and uses a weighted average to construct an aggregated model. Usually model averaging provides better performance than model selection which chooses a single candidate model based on AIC or BIC.

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A Phenomenological Study Of Undocumented Latina Survivors Of Intimate Partner Violence, Sharon Gandarilla-Javier Jan 2020

A Phenomenological Study Of Undocumented Latina Survivors Of Intimate Partner Violence, Sharon Gandarilla-Javier

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study undertakes a phenomenological examination of the lived experience of undocumented Latina survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study served two purposes. First, to provide a greater understanding of this experience through the lens of the survivors, drawing on feminist and empowerment theories. Second, to explore why underreporting is more prevalent among undocumented women versus U.S. women citizens, especially during a time of heightened fear of deportation. To answer this, several questions were used as probes. These included: how the lived experience of IPV had impacted women’s decisions to leave or not leave an abuser; what motivators influenced …

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Effect Of Exposure To L2 Socio-Cultural Background On The L1-Based Conceptual System Of Korean Learners Of English, Hyeyeon Kim Jan 2020

Effect Of Exposure To L2 Socio-Cultural Background On The L1-Based Conceptual System Of Korean Learners Of English, Hyeyeon Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study explores the conceptual system of adult Korean learners of English with three different levels of exposure to a second language (L2) cultural background. Assuming that different exposure to an L2 socio-cultural backgrounds plays a significant role in modifying a learner’s conceptual system that operates both an L1 as well as an L2 channel, this study examines the influence of L2 cultural background knowledge on (previously developed) L1-based conceptual knowledge of lexical items in production. The cross-cultural difference of lexical-conceptual knowledge is characterized by the lexical items (pairs of L1-L2 lexical items) existing in both in their first language …

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Naral And The Art Of Playing Defense : How Interest Groups Act When They Seek To Protect The Status Quo Of Public Policy, Katherine Elaine Slye-Hernandez Jan 2020

Naral And The Art Of Playing Defense : How Interest Groups Act When They Seek To Protect The Status Quo Of Public Policy, Katherine Elaine Slye-Hernandez

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Why do interest groups take certain actions in policy debates and not others? How do groups seeking to protect the status quo of policy act? These questions, and others, cannot be answered well by the current interest group literature, and this dissertation seeks to delve into this line of research with a case study of the National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL). While certain aspects of the interest group literature, and a large part of the venue shopping literature specifically, can help scholars understand some actions of groups like NARAL, there are a whole host of actions NARAL took that …

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Making Good : World War I, Disability, And The Senses In American Rehabilitation, Evan Patrick Sullivan Jan 2020

Making Good : World War I, Disability, And The Senses In American Rehabilitation, Evan Patrick Sullivan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study looks at how disabled American soldier-patients and the US Army used the senses as tools of rehabilitation after the Great War. Contemporaries argued that, when the hundreds of thousands of American soldiers came home wounded or sick after the Great War, the men needed to make good. The phrase “making good” meant that sacrifice in the war was not enough, and veterans had to become socially and economically independent, and return to heterosexual relationships. In an effort to return to normalcy, the US Army relied on rehabilitation, which aimed to medically and socially re-integrate the men into society.

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Effects Of The Black Lives Matter Movement On Media Portrayals Of Accused Criminals, Samantha Strine Jan 2020

Effects Of The Black Lives Matter Movement On Media Portrayals Of Accused Criminals, Samantha Strine

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Media impacts our everyday lives and shapes how we understand the world around us. It assists in creating social hierarchies which impact how groups of people are represented and understood. These hierarchies have led to the generation of stereotypes and disparate reporting practices in media. However, social movements tend to be created to provide evidence against these stereotypes and the movements attempt to undo disparate treatment of marginalized groups. This study had three hypotheses: Hypothesis 1 stated that prior to the generation of the Black Lives Movement, media depictions of black and white accused criminals will differ. Hypothesis 2 stated …

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When Life Gives You Diversity... : A History Of Racial Diversity And Conflict In Four Philadelphia Neighborhoods, 1960 - 2015, Jeaneé C. Miller Jan 2020

When Life Gives You Diversity... : A History Of Racial Diversity And Conflict In Four Philadelphia Neighborhoods, 1960 - 2015, Jeaneé C. Miller

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The U.S. population has changed significantly since the 1950s, becoming markedly more racially diverse. Still, a large portion of America’s neighborhoods remain racially segregated – even in large, racially diverse cities, such as Philadelphia (Logan & Stults, 2011). As a result, there is a well-established body of research that has shown that residential segregation consistently produces negative effects for neighborhoods (Massey & Denton, 1993). In response, many scholars and policymakers have suggested that the most promising response to inequality due to segregation is racial residential integration (Denton, 2010; Ellen, 2000; Galster, 1992; Roisman, 2008). However, social science research has produced …

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Improving Query Reformulation In Voice Search, Ning Sa Jan 2020

Improving Query Reformulation In Voice Search, Ning Sa

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Conversational search has been obtaining increasing attentions in the field of Information Retrieval (IR). However, compared with the other applications of dialogue systems, the studies on conversational search are far from being sufficient. Lot of work is needed from the input to the output of the conversational search process. On the other hand, with the improvement in the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology, voice is now an optional input method in addition to text. Compared with the text-based queries, voice-based queries are found to be longer, and use richer language. The voice-based search is also found to be more flexible …

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Education's Death Row : The Standardization Network And A Persistently Lowest Achieving School In The Era Of Common Core, Valarie J. Karas Jan 2020

Education's Death Row : The Standardization Network And A Persistently Lowest Achieving School In The Era Of Common Core, Valarie J. Karas

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In 2010, New York State both adopted the Common Core Learning Standards and identified the State’s first 67 “persistently lowest achieving” schools, the most severe failure designation available under the State’s accountability system as based upon standardized test performance and/or graduation rates (Common Core Standards Initiative, 2015; NYSED, 2010a). The Common Core Learning Standards were advertised as a pathway to a high-quality education for all American students (Common Core Standards Initiative, 2015; Supovitz & McGuinn, 2019). However, a public uproar occurred in the late summer of 2013 following the release of standardized “Common Core” test scores which showed an increase …

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Real Men Don't Get Lipos : Gender, Political Economy, And Biomedicine In Colombia's Male Beauty Industry, Jose Alejandro Arango-Londono Jan 2020

Real Men Don't Get Lipos : Gender, Political Economy, And Biomedicine In Colombia's Male Beauty Industry, Jose Alejandro Arango-Londono

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The last few years in Colombia have seen the rise and expansion of male beauty industry. Such growth seems to suggest a shift from entrenched gendered ideas as well as new markets and economic opportunities to pursue. This dissertation is the result of eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in Cali, Colombia focusing on how the development of male beauty has emerged in a context that is profoundly shaped by the legacy of armed conflict and drug-trafficking. The expansion of male beauty industry flourishes in a political and economic moment in Colombia where neoliberal policies are prevalent in the state’s agenda.

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Does Testing Enhance Mediation In Paired-Associate Learning?, Deana Vitrano Jan 2020

Does Testing Enhance Mediation In Paired-Associate Learning?, Deana Vitrano

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The testing effect (TE) is the robust finding that testing on previously studied material leads to better long-term retention as compared to restudying that material (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006b). Pyc and Rawson (2010) proposed the Mediator Effectiveness Hypothesis (MEH) as an explanation for the TE in paired-associate learning, The MEH states that review testing on cue-target word pairs strengthens semantic/associative mediators, which helps participants recall targets to their cues on a later test. Pyc and Rawson found support for the MEH with Swahili-English word pairs and explicit mediation instructions, using the most rigorous test of the MEH. Other researchers have …

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Cross-Cultural Validation Of The Korean Version Of The Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale-Racial Diversity Form (K-Mcse-Rd) For Korean Counselors, Sung Yong Park Jan 2020

Cross-Cultural Validation Of The Korean Version Of The Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale-Racial Diversity Form (K-Mcse-Rd) For Korean Counselors, Sung Yong Park

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Faced with growing racial and ethnic diversity in South Korea, the demand for culturally competent counseling services by multicultural clients has increased. The current study aims to contribute to the research of multicultural counseling and multicultural counselor training by examining psychometric properties of the culturally adapted Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale-Racial Diversity form for use in South Korea. The purposes of the study were threefold: (a) establish content validity during the translation and cross-cultural adaptation stage for the MCSE-RD to the context of multicultural counseling in South Korea; (b) test plausible underlying factor structures and report internal consistency reliability estimates of …

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