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2020

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Maximization In Moderation : Finding The Optimal Level Of Maximizing Tendency, Shannon Pierce Jan 2020

Maximization In Moderation : Finding The Optimal Level Of Maximizing Tendency, Shannon Pierce

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Maximizing tendency is a decision making style in which an individual keeps a high standard for decisions. Research has shown conflicting results regarding the nature of maximizing tendency and various subjective outcomes. Extant research has shown maximizing tendency to be linearly related, both negatively and positively, to depression, optimism, life satisfaction and decision regret. Although measurement issues have been routinely blamed for the inconsistencies in these findings, this study posits that maximizing tendency is curvilinearly related to the subjective outcomes of decision regret, optimism, and life satisfaction, based on the Too Much of a Good Thing effect. It was hypothesized …

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Three Essays On International Economics, Rongzi Shan Jan 2020

Three Essays On International Economics, Rongzi Shan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The first chapter examines the quantitative performance between two models of sovereign default, which we define as a government (sovereign) default on government bonds. The two models are the strategic default model and a model designed for rich countries in which default is due to inability to repay. We first examine the cyclicality of fiscal policy for sixteen emerging countries which have experienced default using a two-step GMM estimator, and found that the fiscal policy in these countries is counter cyclical. We choose Argentina as a reference economy, and compare the implications of both models for matching the data on …

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Adjustment To College And Alcohol-Related Problems Among Student Veterans : Is Social Support A Buffer?, Lindsay Claire Buckner Jan 2020

Adjustment To College And Alcohol-Related Problems Among Student Veterans : Is Social Support A Buffer?, Lindsay Claire Buckner

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

U.S. Military veterans are increasingly represented on college campuses nationwide and, like their civilian peers, appear to be at risk for heavy alcohol use and its related problems. Qualitative research indicates that the college experience is fraught for many student veterans, owing to difficulty with adjustment to the social, academic, or emotional challenges unique to a higher education setting. Adjustment to college appears to be a risk factor for alcohol-related problems in civilian college students, but the extent to which this relation generalizes to student veterans is unknown. The current study sought to (1) determine the unique effects of alcohol …

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Statistical Fit And Factor Structure Of The Food-Life Questionnaire In Emerging Adult Undergraduate Students, Arielle Wolinsky Jan 2020

Statistical Fit And Factor Structure Of The Food-Life Questionnaire In Emerging Adult Undergraduate Students, Arielle Wolinsky

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Food-Life Questionnaire (FLQ) is a psychometrically sound measure of beliefs and attitudes towards food that was initially developed and validated for use with a general adult population; however, the psychometric properties of the measure have yet to be examined in an emerging adult population. The constructs captured by the FLQ are particularly relevant in emerging adulthood, because it is a time of increased risk for the development of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Using data from a large, demographically diverse sample of emerging adult undergraduate students (n = 679), the current study evaluated the fit of the original five-factor …

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Developing A Clinician Self-Report Fidelity Measure For A Transdiagnostic, Evidence-Based Protocol At A Residential Eating Disorders Treatment Center, Jennifer M. Oswald Jan 2020

Developing A Clinician Self-Report Fidelity Measure For A Transdiagnostic, Evidence-Based Protocol At A Residential Eating Disorders Treatment Center, Jennifer M. Oswald

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Objective: Fidelity monitoring is a vital component of successful evidence-based practice implementation in routine treatment settings. However, resource-intensiveness and low clinician buy-in pose barriers to traditional observer-report monitoring, highlighting a need to explore the practical utility of self-report approaches. This study used a mixed-methods approach to (a) develop a self-report fidelity measure of a transdiagnostic evidence-based protocol in a residential eating disorders treatment center; (b) tailor the measure for optimal accuracy, acceptability, and ease of use; and (c) assess measure validity via convergence with observer ratings. Methods: N = 10 clinicians participated in cognitive interviewing to refine an initial draft …

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Protective Behavioral Strategies For Cannabis Use : Findings From A Web-Based Intervention, Rachel Rose Luba Jan 2020

Protective Behavioral Strategies For Cannabis Use : Findings From A Web-Based Intervention, Rachel Rose Luba

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Cannabis is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances in the United States. Perceived risks of cannabis appear to be declining, while use rates continue to rise, especially for adolescents. Heavy, frequent cannabis use is associated with negative outcomes. Efforts have emerged to identify effective harm-reduction strategies, with a recent emphasis on protective behavioral strategies (PBS). PBS emphasize straightforward cognitive and behavioral strategies that can help cannabis users develop less heavy, more planful use of the plant. Previous findings suggest that PBS for marijuana (PBSM) are negatively associated with frequency of use, quantity of use, and cannabis-associated problems.

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Public Perceptions Of Crime Trends : Measurement, Perceived Causes, And Behavioral Consequences, Luzi Shi Jan 2020

Public Perceptions Of Crime Trends : Measurement, Perceived Causes, And Behavioral Consequences, Luzi Shi

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In the U.S. the public is persistent in believing in worsening crime trends, despite the fact that the crime rate has been falling since the early 1990s. This dissertation is a comprehensive examination of the measurement, perceived causes, and behavioral consequences of crime trend perceptions. It is composed of three interrelated studies. The first step to understanding crime trend perceptions is to have accurate measurement. In the first study, I identify the limitations of existing measurement of crime trend perceptions and argue that it is important to measure perceptions of short-term and long-term crime trends separately. Using three samples, I …

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Contracting Out For Performance Of Democratic-Constitutional Values And Procedural Tasks In Federal Agencies : Evidence From The Equal Employment Opportunity Discrimination Complaint Process, Iseul Choi Jan 2020

Contracting Out For Performance Of Democratic-Constitutional Values And Procedural Tasks In Federal Agencies : Evidence From The Equal Employment Opportunity Discrimination Complaint Process, Iseul Choi

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Contracting out has been considered one of the main performance management strategies for reducing costs and bringing more expertise into government agencies. Previous studies have examined the effects of contracting use on agency performance, but have focused more on measurable, traditional performance in the public sector. There is a lack of research analyzing the influence of contracting use on non-traditional performance outcomes, which are usually non-mission based and difficult to measure, such as fairness, nondiscrimination, due process, and individual rights. Scholars have pointed out that performance measurement processes pay less attention to these non-mission-based values and tasks.

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Traditional Latinx Gender Role Norms And Exposure To Sexual Health Programming For Latinx Men Who Have Sex With Men (Lmsm), Austin Connor Eklund Jan 2020

Traditional Latinx Gender Role Norms And Exposure To Sexual Health Programming For Latinx Men Who Have Sex With Men (Lmsm), Austin Connor Eklund

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Latinx men who have sex with men (LMSM) are at significantly greater risk for HIV infection than their non-Latinx peers. One important way of helping prevent the spread of HIV is exposing vulnerable populations to HIV prevention programming. Little is known about what factors predict exposure to HIV prevention programming for LMSM. Given extant links between traditional masculine gender role norms and health outcomes, this study sought to examine possible relations between constructs of machismo, caballerismo, and heterosexual self-presentation, along with demographic covariates, and exposure to HIV prevention programming among LMSM. Among the 530 LMSM in our sample, 89% reported …

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What's Your Plea (Culture)? : Processes And Rationales Underlying And Shaping Plea Decision-Making : A "Courtnography" And Interviews With Defendants, Defense Attorneys, And Prosecutors, Reveka Vladimirovna Shteynberg Jan 2020

What's Your Plea (Culture)? : Processes And Rationales Underlying And Shaping Plea Decision-Making : A "Courtnography" And Interviews With Defendants, Defense Attorneys, And Prosecutors, Reveka Vladimirovna Shteynberg

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The reality is that “criminal justice today is for the most part a system of pleas, not a system of trials,” as Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote for the majority in Lafler v. Cooper (2012). Despite this heavy reliance on plea bargaining in the U.S. criminal justice system, the nature of plea bargain decisions remains elusive. Although there has been influential and important research in which defendants and court actors were interviewed about the plea decision process, this research was mostly conducted 40 to 50 years ago about a different court system than the one that exists today; a nation …

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The Influence Of Peer Group Racial Identity On The Relationship Between Individual Ethnic Identity And Eating Pathology In Black Females : A Path Analysis, Courtney Elizabeth Breiner Jan 2020

The Influence Of Peer Group Racial Identity On The Relationship Between Individual Ethnic Identity And Eating Pathology In Black Females : A Path Analysis, Courtney Elizabeth Breiner

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Objective: A strong ethnic identity has been identified as a protective factor against the development of eating pathology in Black women. Although research consistently supports this finding, little is known about factors that promote ethnic identity in this population and thus decrease risk for eating pathology. Studies have independently examined the influence of peer groups on ethnic identity, ethnic identity on body appreciation, and body appreciation on eating disorder symptoms in Black females; no study has linked all of these factors. The specific aim of the current study was to examine the influence of microsystem factors, such as peer groups, …

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Modeling An Open Data Ecosystem : The Case Of Food Service Establishments Inspection In New York State, Mahdi Mirdamadi Najafabadi Jan 2020

Modeling An Open Data Ecosystem : The Case Of Food Service Establishments Inspection In New York State, Mahdi Mirdamadi Najafabadi

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Open Government Data (OGD) is becoming an increasingly popular initiative around the world. OGD initiatives have a broad number of stakeholders from different sectors and are influenced by many political, societal, and technological factors. In this thesis, I used the notion of Open Government Data Ecosystem (OGDE) as a holistic perspective to the OGD phenomenon, which encompasses important actors, their reciprocal interactions, and their impacts on the OGD environment.

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An Exploratory Mixed Methods Study Of Geographic Mobility And Homeless Service Use In Northeastern New York State, Amanda Aykanian Jan 2020

An Exploratory Mixed Methods Study Of Geographic Mobility And Homeless Service Use In Northeastern New York State, Amanda Aykanian

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study used a mixed methods design to explore the geographic mobility of homeless service users in northeastern New York State and the relationship between mobility and homeless service use, engagement, and delivery. For the quantitative component, a sample of Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) data—that includes adults accessing homeless services in 2017 across 21 counties in northeastern New York State—was used to describe service users’ mobility and the demographic, background, and service use characteristics associated with mobility. For the qualitative component, semi-structured interviews with homeless service providers in those same counties were used to understand providers’ views of mobility, …

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Big, Black, And Strong : Does Identification With The Strong Black Woman Archetype Strengthen The Association Between Racism-Related Stress And Emotional Eating?, Shantel Lorraine Powell Jan 2020

Big, Black, And Strong : Does Identification With The Strong Black Woman Archetype Strengthen The Association Between Racism-Related Stress And Emotional Eating?, Shantel Lorraine Powell

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Despite extensive research on the adverse impact of racism-related stressors on the health and well-being of people of color (Broman, Mavaddat, & Hsu, 2000; Carter, 2007; Klonoff, Landrine, & Ullman, 1999; Noh & Kaspar, 2003; Pieterse, Carter, & Ray, 2013; Utsey & Payne, 2000), little is known about the influence of racism-related stressors on the eating behaviors of Black women. The present study extended the limited literature on this topic by examining the possible contribution of cultural attitudes associated with the Strong Black Women archetype on the relation between racism-related stressors and emotional eating behaviors.

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Sustainability In Agriculture And Local Food Systems: A Solution To A Global Crisis (Chapter From Zero Hunger), Jerry H. Kavouras, Christina Gibbons, Brianna Morgan, Marie Asma Ben-Othmen Jan 2020

Sustainability In Agriculture And Local Food Systems: A Solution To A Global Crisis (Chapter From Zero Hunger), Jerry H. Kavouras, Christina Gibbons, Brianna Morgan, Marie Asma Ben-Othmen

Biology Department Faculty Books/Book Chapters

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations defines a food system as the entire range of stakeholders and their interlinked value-adding activities involved in the production, distribution and aggregation, processing, marketing, consumption and waste management of food products that originate from agriculture, forestry, and parts of the broader economic, societal and natural environments in which they are embedded (Take and Systems 2015). To be considered sustainable, a food system must deliver food security and nutrition for all in such a way that the economic, social, and environmental bases to generate food security and nutrition for future generations …

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Families Belong Together: The Path To Family Sanctity In Public Housing, Mckayla Stokes Jan 2020

Families Belong Together: The Path To Family Sanctity In Public Housing, Mckayla Stokes

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

In its 2015 landmark civil rights decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, the Supreme Court finally held that the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the United States Constitution guarantee same-sex couples’ marital equality. The Court’s unprecedented declaration that the right to marry is a fundamental right under the Due Process Clause strengthened married couples’ right to privacy because it subjects government actions infringing on marital unions to heightened scrutiny. The Supreme Court has the option to minimize the impact of Obergefell by interpreting the right to marriage very narrowly—as only encompassing the right to enter into a state-recognized union …

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The Pursuit Of Comprehensive Education Funding Reform Via Litigation, Lisa Scruggs Jan 2020

The Pursuit Of Comprehensive Education Funding Reform Via Litigation, Lisa Scruggs

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

No abstract provided.

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Panel Discussion: The Right To Education: With Liberty, Justice, And Education For All? Jan 2020

Panel Discussion: The Right To Education: With Liberty, Justice, And Education For All?

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

No abstract provided.

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The Aftermath : Perceptions Of Employment And Livelihood Among Former Crack Cocaine Dealers In Upstate New York, Charletta Latrice Robinson Jan 2020

The Aftermath : Perceptions Of Employment And Livelihood Among Former Crack Cocaine Dealers In Upstate New York, Charletta Latrice Robinson

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Starting in the 1980s, the crack cocaine epidemic disproportionately affected African American males. The justice system incarcerated thousands of African American males, often multiple times for selling crack cocaine during their adolescence and adult lives. On release from prison, this population often does not fit well with the environment to which they return, leading to subsequent incarceration. Using the ecological theory as a lens, this study concerns the goodness of fit between African American males incarcerated repeatedly for selling crack cocaine and the home environment within an Upstate New York community after their release. In this study, I explored the …

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The Evocative Effects Of Child Temperament On Parenting Stress And Behaviors, Laura Welch Jan 2020

The Evocative Effects Of Child Temperament On Parenting Stress And Behaviors, Laura Welch

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Despite recognition that parents contribute to child development, much remains to be clarified about ways child characteristics shape parents’ behaviors. For example, temperamental characteristics such as negative affectivity elicit more parenting stress (Oddi, Murdock, Vadnais, Bridgett, & Gartstein, 2013) and less effective parenting behaviors (Laukkanen, Ojansuu, Tolvanen, Alatupa, & Aunola, 2014). On the other hand, children’s effortful control is known to reduce psychological risks associated with negative affectivity (Gartstein, Putnam, & Rothbart, 2012) yet no studies have investigated whether this may consequently reduce parenting stress. Furthermore, stressed parents are more likely to engage in harsh parenting strategies (Martorell & Bugental, …

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Information, Politics And Government Communication : Discourse Analyses Of The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency On Twitter, Nicolau Depaula Jan 2020

Information, Politics And Government Communication : Discourse Analyses Of The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency On Twitter, Nicolau Depaula

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Government communication is an important activity for society, during times of calm and times of crises. Moreover, social media have become widespread information and communication technologies for government agencies around the world. In the U.S. federal government alone, there are thousands of accounts on various platforms broadcasting multiple messages a day. However, there seems to be few analyses of government discourse on social media. Although content analyses of the posts of various types of government agencies around the world abound, the categories are narrow to specific events or are agnostic about details of semantics and language structure. In this study …

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Essays On The Effects Of Public Health Insurance Policies On Health Care Utilization, Expenditure, And Well-Being, Tu Thi Cam Nguyen Jan 2020

Essays On The Effects Of Public Health Insurance Policies On Health Care Utilization, Expenditure, And Well-Being, Tu Thi Cam Nguyen

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation consists of essays on the causal impact of public health insurance policies in the United States. Three chapters investigate how Medicare program, Medicare Prescription coverage program, and the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion impact on health-related outcomes, health care expenditure, and food wellbeing.

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Does Common-Sense Communication And The Interpersonal Relationship Predict Oral Health Self-Management?, Kieran J. Maestro Jan 2020

Does Common-Sense Communication And The Interpersonal Relationship Predict Oral Health Self-Management?, Kieran J. Maestro

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study sought to understand how patients’ perceptions of the nature and manner of communication with dental health professionals may impact their health self-management quality and habits in the context of preventable illness. Specifically, this study investigated the distinct and overlapping impacts of (a) communication based in the Common Sense Self-Regulation Model (CSM; Leventhal et al., 1980), and (b) the interpersonal relationship between the patient and the dental health professional provider on patients’ oral hygiene quality and habits. It was hypothesized that the interpersonal relationship would positively moderate a positive relation between CSM-based communication and patients' oral health self-management and …

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Navigating The Binary : Gender Presentation Of Non-Binary Individuals, Sharone Amalia Horowit-Hendler Jan 2020

Navigating The Binary : Gender Presentation Of Non-Binary Individuals, Sharone Amalia Horowit-Hendler

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Much of linguistic study of gender has focused on the binary: “men’s language” and “women’s language”. Similarly, most of society recognizes only two genders with the assumption that gender is connected to body and that everyone will map onto this binary. How then do non-binary individuals present themselves when they desire to be perceived outside of this dichotomy? This study re-examines the question of which masculine, feminine, and non-binary markers exist, and explores the ways that participants are aware of and utilize these signifiers in performing their gender identities.

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Crisis, Legitimation And Contention : China's Environmental Health And Safety Crises In Global Public Spheres, Haoyue Cecilia Li Jan 2020

Crisis, Legitimation And Contention : China's Environmental Health And Safety Crises In Global Public Spheres, Haoyue Cecilia Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

My project focuses on China’s environmental health and food safety crises to examine the changing interrelations among the Chinese state, media, civil society organizations and the international society. The debate on the environment-society relationship generates two conflicting theoretical explanations. While political economy theorists emphasize the non-compatible relationship between economic development and environmental improvement, the modernization theorists, especially in the traditions of risk society/reflexive modernity and of ecological modernization, contend that risks drive the changes of state-media-civil society relationship in a positive way towards a more compatible environment-society relationship. By investigating multiple cases, including the 2005 Songhua River Chemical Spill, the …

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Access To Accommodating Housing In An Era Of Fair Housing : Disability Status And Housing Outcomes, Kaya Hamer-Small Jan 2020

Access To Accommodating Housing In An Era Of Fair Housing : Disability Status And Housing Outcomes, Kaya Hamer-Small

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

According to the U.S. Census, an estimated 56.7 million (19%) of U.S. citizens had a disability in 2010. In 2015, one out of every five adults had a disability with projections showing that by 2050, the disabled population is expected to comprise 27.1% of the non-institutionalized population. This study aimed to better understand housing accessibility by evaluating the 1988 Fair Housing Amendments Act (FHAA) and evaluating the availability of accessible housing for people with disabilities to meet their housing needs. The FHAA was the first policy that made provisions to protect the private housing rights of people with disabilities and …

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Leveraging Big Data : Predicting Traffic Risk And Providing Early Warning Due To Adverse Weather Conditions, Sreekumar E. Nampoothiri Jan 2020

Leveraging Big Data : Predicting Traffic Risk And Providing Early Warning Due To Adverse Weather Conditions, Sreekumar E. Nampoothiri

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The proliferation of big data has allowed researchers to delve deeper into data and gain better understandings within almost every field. In the fields of transportation planning and traffic management, past research has shown direct relationships among weather conditions and traffic speed, volume, and congestion. However, these studies have mostly relied on static data that were spatially and temporally sparse or collected on a specific roadway for a specific time period for research purposes. With the need to address the impacts of climate change, including an increasing number of extreme weather events as well as an increasing intensity of such …

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The Effects Of Parental Factors And Personal Attributes On Birth Control Use Under The Genetic Influences Of 5-Httlpr Among Adolescents, Hyun-Jin Cho Jan 2020

The Effects Of Parental Factors And Personal Attributes On Birth Control Use Under The Genetic Influences Of 5-Httlpr Among Adolescents, Hyun-Jin Cho

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this study was (a) to examine relationships between parental influences and personal attributes on birth control use and (b) to identify genetic influences on such relationships by comparing the frequencies of common genetic variants—short allele vs. long allele—in 5-HTTLPR among adolescents (N = 5,852). Data from the Wave 1 and Wave 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to examine the birth control use of adolescents who were in 7th through 12th grade in 1994–1995. Multi-group Structural Equation Modeling analyses were used to identify the relationship among factors. Results did not find significant …

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The "Matthew Effect" In Punishment: : Do Previous Sanctions Foster More Sanctions In The Future?, Yinzhi Shen Jan 2020

The "Matthew Effect" In Punishment: : Do Previous Sanctions Foster More Sanctions In The Future?, Yinzhi Shen

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Societal response to crime is a topic at the heart of criminology. In contrast to a vast literature on the hidden social consequences of formal sanctions on individuals, family and communities, few studies have examined the ramifications of a formal sanction on future interactions with the criminal justice system over the individual life course. Applying a cumulative disadvantage (CDA) perspective, my dissertation contributes to the understanding of whether and how a prior punishment affects an individual’s trajectory of future punishments over the life course. Theoretically, I elaborated two conceptualizations of CDA processes and highlighted the overlooked value of applying CDA …

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The Effects Of A Proactive Policy-Driven Migration On Neighborhood Crime, Tyler Scott Bellick Jan 2020

The Effects Of A Proactive Policy-Driven Migration On Neighborhood Crime, Tyler Scott Bellick

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The immigrant crime-relationship is one of the most vigorously debated and contentious public policy concerns in present society. The majority of scholarship investigating this link demonstrates that immigrants are no more crime prone than the native-born population, and in fact, may even suppress levels of neighborhood crime. A limitation of this body of scholarship is that it tends focus on immigration, overall, or specifically Latino immigration, failing to account of potentially important between-group differences in offending. The present study addresses this gap by examining the effects of a government-driven Guyanese migration on neighborhood crime rates at five cross-sections. Exploratory analyses …

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