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2016

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Articles 17581 - 17610 of 21480

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Craving In Substance And Behavioral Addiction : The Role Of Emotion Regulation, Natalia Christine Orloff Jan 2016

Craving In Substance And Behavioral Addiction : The Role Of Emotion Regulation, Natalia Christine Orloff

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Individuals with emotion regulation difficulties lack the strategies to monitor and evaluate the emotional experience, often leading to an increase in efforts to constrict or conceal the emotional expression. Deficits in emotion regulation are associated with an increase in craving for risky behaviors, such as alcohol and internet use. Non-acceptance and impulse control are two domains of emotion regulation that have been linked to behavioral and substance cravings. What remains to be elucidated is whether these relationships are mediated by strategies employed to control the emotional experience. The current study aims to identify whether thought suppression mediates the relationship between …

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Perceived Racial Microaggressions And Psychological Well-Being Among African American College Students, Daniel Knauer Jan 2016

Perceived Racial Microaggressions And Psychological Well-Being Among African American College Students, Daniel Knauer

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among perceived racial microaggressions, social support, and indicators of psychological well-being in a sample of 155 African American college students from a stress and coping perspective. Perceived racial microaggressions were associated with greater symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, life satisfaction did not account for this relationship, as expected. Two forms of social support, general social support and social support matched for racial situations, were tested as buffers of the effects of perceived microaggressions on psychological outcome variables within a regression framework. The buffering model, which predicted that social support …

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Effects Of Consonance And Tonality On The Detection Of Change In Polyphonic Melodies, George Albert Seror Iii Jan 2016

Effects Of Consonance And Tonality On The Detection Of Change In Polyphonic Melodies, George Albert Seror Iii

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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Who Feels Included At Work? : Intersectionality And Perceptions Of Diversity And Inclusion In The Workplace, Courtney J. Dallaird Jan 2016

Who Feels Included At Work? : Intersectionality And Perceptions Of Diversity And Inclusion In The Workplace, Courtney J. Dallaird

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

There is a difference between diversity and inclusion in the workforce. More specifically, there is a difference in the understanding and experience that the U.S. cultural meaning of these words creates when interpreted and applied in a workplace setting. Understanding this difference is essential to the work businesses do in actualizing human capital as well as in creating and interpreting methods of providing access, recognizing diversity, and now, increasingly, moving towards a rhetoric of inclusion in the workplace (Roberson, 2006). This research looks at the existing body of knowledge around historical disenfranchisement and the evolution of diversity and inclusion research …

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Three Essays In International Economics, Richa Saraf Jan 2016

Three Essays In International Economics, Richa Saraf

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This doctoral dissertation consists of three empirical essays studying cross-country linkages.

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Smoking And Health : A Panel Data Analysis Using Hrs, Xian Li Jan 2016

Smoking And Health : A Panel Data Analysis Using Hrs, Xian Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

It has been showed that smoking behavior is closely associated with health, and smoking is considered as one of the greatest causes of preventable mortality and a major contributor to lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease. However, compared with studies on youth’s smoking behavior, research and evidence specifically for elderly is relatively rare.

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Internalized Homophobia, Alcohol Use, And Risky Sexual Behaviors : The Buffering Role Of Dbt Coping Skills, Matthew J. Worhach Jan 2016

Internalized Homophobia, Alcohol Use, And Risky Sexual Behaviors : The Buffering Role Of Dbt Coping Skills, Matthew J. Worhach

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Compared to their heterosexual counterparts, gay men suffer from more mental health problems including substance use disorders and risky sexual behavior (Dew & Chaney, 2005; Gilman et al., 2001; Sandfort, de Graaf, Bijl, & Schnabel, 2001; Patton, Su, Nelson, & Weinstock, 2014). Meyer’s (2003) model of minority stress proposes that internalized homophobia leads to negative health outcomes. Meyer proposed coping acts as a moderator of the relation between internalized homophobia and mental health outcomes. The present study extended Meyer’s model by examining the potential moderating effect of a specific type of coping, Dialectical Behavior Therapy coping skills, on the relationships …

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Exploring Racial Differences In System Treatment And Criminal Justice Involvement : A Criminal Career Perspective, Jaeok Kim Kim Jan 2016

Exploring Racial Differences In System Treatment And Criminal Justice Involvement : A Criminal Career Perspective, Jaeok Kim Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The overrepresentation of racial minorities is one of the key issues of the contemporary U.S. criminal justice system, and has motivated many studies to explore the cause and extent of the resulting disparities in the system. My dissertation consists of three separate papers, which contribute to the understanding of such disparities through unique approaches. Additionally, using both self-reported and official administrative datasets, I identify the strengths and limitations inherent to each type of data source, and discuss ways to increase the accuracy of the estimates of interest.

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Does The Way We Measure Fit Matter? : Predicting Behaviors And Attitudes Using Different Measures Of Fit, Jennifer A. Cavanaugh Jan 2016

Does The Way We Measure Fit Matter? : Predicting Behaviors And Attitudes Using Different Measures Of Fit, Jennifer A. Cavanaugh

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The literature on person-organization (P-O) fit has been plagued with inconsistencies in the conceptualization, operationalization and measurement of P-O fit. Despite numerous studies examining the relationship between P-O fit and outcomes, these inconsistencies in measurement and operationalization have led to mixed findings concerning specific individual outcomes. The goal of this dissertation was to address some of these inconsistencies by examining the relationship between P-O fit, using perceived and subjective measures of fit, and attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. In addition, previously unexplored mediators of the P-O fit-outcome relationships were examined.

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What's In A Kiss? : The Role Of Kissing In Romantic Relationships, Kristina N. Spaulding Jan 2016

What's In A Kiss? : The Role Of Kissing In Romantic Relationships, Kristina N. Spaulding

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A strong understanding of the role of kissing has important theoretical implications; however little research has been done on kissing in romantic relationships. This study aimed to examine the role of kissing in (a) mate assessment, (b) initiating arousal and (c) maintenance of an emotional bond. Data were collected by surveying college students at a public university in the northeast. The first survey (n = 121) examined the memory of the first kiss compared to other sexual “firsts” as well as the relationship between the first kiss and relationship outcome. Memories of the first kiss were weaker than memories of …

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Live Fast, Die Young : Anticipated Early Death And Adolescent Violence And Gang Involvement, Arna Leigh Carlock Jan 2016

Live Fast, Die Young : Anticipated Early Death And Adolescent Violence And Gang Involvement, Arna Leigh Carlock

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Strategies employed by criminal justice agencies to reduce offending often focus on deterrence, with policies relying on the threat of punishment to discourage individuals from crime. However, such strategies will fail if individuals do not fear these consequences, or when potential rewards of offending outweigh the risks. According to life history theory, adolescents with a dangerous or unpredictable childhood environment discount the future and engage in risky behaviors because they have little to lose. Many adolescents embody this “live fast, die young” mentality, particularly those already at risk of delinquency due to other factors. The scientific literature refers to this …

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Socioeconomic And Health Consequences Of Settlement In New Destinations : A Study Of Asian Immigrants In The United States, Jiejin Li Jan 2016

Socioeconomic And Health Consequences Of Settlement In New Destinations : A Study Of Asian Immigrants In The United States, Jiejin Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In the context of geographic diversification of newly arrived immigrants, this dissertation research is a comparative study of the socioeconomic status, health status, and health care utilization of Asian immigrants in different types of destinations in the United States, especially in new destinations. This research focuses on the geographic distribution of those new Asian immigrants and investigates how the destination types affect their employment status, income, additional investment in the U.S. education, physical health, dietary change, mental health, and health care utilization.

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The Role Of Stressors And Academic Competence In Adolescent Depression By Race, Ishani Ravindra Deo Jan 2016

The Role Of Stressors And Academic Competence In Adolescent Depression By Race, Ishani Ravindra Deo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether adolescents’ perceptions of academic competence serve as a mediator of the relationship between various kinds of stressful experiences and depression symptoms. Additionally, we hypothesized that the utility of this model would change with adolescents’ race. Methods: The sample consisted of 260 adolescents, approximately half of whom were African American (N = 141) and half of whom were European American (N = 119). Measures were administered to participants at a single time point via in-school questionnaires, and the resulting data were analyzed both for mediation and with moderated path analyses. Results: …

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The Creation Of The Self And The Birth Of Inequality : Locke And Rousseau On Natural Rights And Private Property, Michael Sokoler Jan 2016

The Creation Of The Self And The Birth Of Inequality : Locke And Rousseau On Natural Rights And Private Property, Michael Sokoler

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The formation of civil societies marked one of the most monumental shifts

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Work-Family Structures And Cross-National Rates Of Women's Offending, Samantha Applin Jan 2016

Work-Family Structures And Cross-National Rates Of Women's Offending, Samantha Applin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation examines women’s offending from a cross-national perspective, using a theoretical lens that integrates insights from feminist and criminological scholarship. The analysis is based on a pooled cross-sectional time-series design, assessing data from 32 European countries for five time points between 1995 and 2010. The purpose of the dissertation is to determine how the effects of work-family and gender indicators are moderated by women’s labor force participation when it comes to predicting women’s theft and homicide. Inclusion of men’s offending helps discern the extent to which the effects of the predictors are specific to the illegitimate behaviors of women, …

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A Kind Of Peace : The Real World Of Firearms Owners, Zachary Miner Jan 2016

A Kind Of Peace : The Real World Of Firearms Owners, Zachary Miner

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation addresses the topics of stigma and legal consciousness through close examination of the attitudes and life experiences of legal gun owners in upstate New York. Based in the symbolic interactionist tradition, and using a grounded theory approach, this project explores data gathered from participant-observation sessions, and semi-structured interviews with 37 participants. Analysis of this data reveals that respondents highlight safety, responsibility, skillful operation, and fun as the primary values they associate with the ownership and use of firearms. Additionally, in a departure from previous research in this area, respondents reported few individual experiences of social stigma, and engage …

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Legtimacy Of Cross-Border Higher Education Policy : A Comparative Case Study Of Dubai And Ras Al Khaimah, Christine Farrugia Jan 2016

Legtimacy Of Cross-Border Higher Education Policy : A Comparative Case Study Of Dubai And Ras Al Khaimah, Christine Farrugia

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study investigates the legitimacy of policies to import cross-border higher education (CBHE) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study compares two of the UAE’s higher education subsystems – Dubai and Ras Al Khaimah – to understand how higher education stakeholders in the UAE interpret foreign involvement in higher education and investigate how those interpretations contribute to stakeholders’ assessments of the legitimacy of the country’s CBHE policies. The legitimacy of cross-border higher education policies is a potentially contentious issue because the higher education resources that are imported into host countries under CBHE policies are usually intended to supplement existing …

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Protective Psychosocial Factors And Trauma In Multiple Sclerosis Spousal/Partner Caregivers : Intersecting Roles And Interactional Influences, Alison J. Rivers Jan 2016

Protective Psychosocial Factors And Trauma In Multiple Sclerosis Spousal/Partner Caregivers : Intersecting Roles And Interactional Influences, Alison J. Rivers

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating, unpredictable, chronic illness for which many diagnosed individuals are cared for by their spouses or partners (e.g., McKeown, Porter-Armstrong, & Baxter, 2003). These MS spousal/partner caregivers are especially vulnerable to the deleterious outcomes of caregiving (e.g., Buhse, 2008; Corry & While, 2009). The present research examined hypothesized protective psychosocial factors and the impact of trauma in these unique caregivers through two cross-sectional studies (n=93 and n=62). Findings from Study One demonstrate that lower caregiver burden and higher dyadic adjustment were associated with improved caregiver mental health outcomes (Chapter 1). Study One also shows that …

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The Role Of Unpaid Volunteers In A Group Caregiving Approach : Validation Of The Sharetm The Care Program, Amy Hegener Jan 2016

The Role Of Unpaid Volunteers In A Group Caregiving Approach : Validation Of The Sharetm The Care Program, Amy Hegener

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The growing population of older adults will lead to a change in the age structure in the United States, with older people outnumbering younger people for the first time. The changing age structure will affect the current workforce and place demands on the health and long term services and supports system. Moreover, with the suspension of many government programs and hospitals working to cut readmissions the burden on caregivers is increasing. On the other hand, the new generation of older adults will be healthier and better educated than previous generations. They are expected to be more productive and civically engaged, …

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The New York State Nursing Home Transition And Diversion Medicaid Waiver Program : A Descriptive Cost Comparison, Joe Atsushi Katagiri Jan 2016

The New York State Nursing Home Transition And Diversion Medicaid Waiver Program : A Descriptive Cost Comparison, Joe Atsushi Katagiri

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The New York State Nursing Home Transition and Diversion Medicaid waiver program (NHTD) assists individuals with long-term care needs with the goal of living safely in their communities. This program is founded on two assumptions: it is less expensive to provide long-term care services to Medicaid recipients in the community as opposed to a nursing home and those who are willing and capable of living in a community setting should do so. However, the healthcare environment in the United States is facing the rising cost of long-term care. The first assumption, if true, could be used as a means to …

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Freedom In Language From Beckett To Schreber : A Study Of The Characters Lucky, The Unnamable, And The Delirious Judge, Yuan-Hsuan Chen Jan 2016

Freedom In Language From Beckett To Schreber : A Study Of The Characters Lucky, The Unnamable, And The Delirious Judge, Yuan-Hsuan Chen

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Freedom in language is to Jacques Derrida a paradoxical concept, according to

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Grassroots Activists And Movements Against Female Genital Mutilation And Cutting Bridged With Political Alliances : Agency Power And The Potential To Bring About Change, Aisha Kearney Jan 2016

Grassroots Activists And Movements Against Female Genital Mutilation And Cutting Bridged With Political Alliances : Agency Power And The Potential To Bring About Change, Aisha Kearney

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In this thesis I highlight grassroots activists and social movements/mobilization against FGM/C throughout some of the regions where it's concentrated, and consider the political alliances that have aided these activists and their movements towards declines in the prevalence of the practice. I consider the recent outlawing of the practice in the Gambia (last year) which was strongly motivated by grassroots activists originally from the Gambia and the transnational political alliances they were able to form. I examine activists and movements in Senegal, paying particular attention to the approach of NGO TOSTAN. I also highlight long standing histories of grassroots activism …

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Cannabis Users' Experience Of Cannabis Craving : A Test Of The Cue-Reactivity Model, Mallory Jane Eglit Loflin Jan 2016

Cannabis Users' Experience Of Cannabis Craving : A Test Of The Cue-Reactivity Model, Mallory Jane Eglit Loflin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Despite craving’s emphasis in treatment programs, little research has been conducted that specifically focuses on cannabis craving. Cannabis use, however, is the second most commonly cited reason for entering treatment for substance abuse and dependency. An understanding of how cannabis users experience craving is necessary. The current study compared heavy/daily cannabis users with infrequent users on measures of craving following presentation of cannabis cues. Hypotheses predicted changes in physiological (heart rate, galvanic skin response) and cognitive (simple reaction time, attentional bias) correlates of craving, and increased self-reported craving following cannabis cue exposure. Results found no significant increase in most indicators …

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How Do Students Appraise And Cope With Episodic Stressors : A Four-Wave Study, Jingyi Huang Jan 2016

How Do Students Appraise And Cope With Episodic Stressors : A Four-Wave Study, Jingyi Huang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Stress is a dynamic process. For episodic task-related stressors, four stages – the anticipatory stage, the confronting stage, the waiting stage, and the outcome stage – can be defined. Using a student sample, in this study I employed a longitudinal design to examine how exam-related coping unfolds across these stages, how perceived control predicts the use of coping strategies, and how personality moderates the relations between perceived control and the selection of coping strategies. The results show that across time behavioral disengagement and substance use had a convex trajectory, and that seeking of emotional social support and positive reinterpretation had …

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Adjudicating The Simulation Theory/Theory Theory Debate (With Especial Attention To The Case Of Autism Spectrum Disorders), Susan M. Parrillo Jan 2016

Adjudicating The Simulation Theory/Theory Theory Debate (With Especial Attention To The Case Of Autism Spectrum Disorders), Susan M. Parrillo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Susan M. Parrillo

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Evaluating The Immediate Impacts Of Brief Mindfulness Versus Lovingkindness Meditation, Jamie Rae Forsyth Jan 2016

Evaluating The Immediate Impacts Of Brief Mindfulness Versus Lovingkindness Meditation, Jamie Rae Forsyth

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Although meditation has been around for centuries, it’s only recently that the utility of such an ancient practice has gained popularity within Western psychology. A vast body of literature supports the notion that meditation can have important impacts on suffering and psychopathology; however, few studies have evaluated differential effects between various forms of meditation. The aims of this study are threefold: 1) to determine if a brief meditation can have immediate effects on an individuals’ mood, 2) to determine the validity of two different types of meditations (mindfulness and lovingkindness) and 3) to evaluate the differential efficacy of the two …

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Development And Validation Of The Obsessive Compulsive Eating Scale, Martha Niemiec Jan 2016

Development And Validation Of The Obsessive Compulsive Eating Scale, Martha Niemiec

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Objective: Food cravings are common and have been implicated in eating-related pathology, including binge eating, bulimia nervosa, and overweight/obesity, but difficulties in defining and quantifying the phenomenon of craving are well documented. There has been an increase in focus on the study of cognitive mechanisms underlying craving, in particular the role of intrusive thoughts; however, existing craving measures fail to fully capture these aspects of the craving experience. The present study was designed to develop a psychometrically sound measure of the obsessive-compulsive aspects of food cravings.

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Do Differentiation Of Self And Dispositional Optimism Moderate The Relation Of Perceived Ptsd Symptoms To Military Partners' Romantic Relationship Satisfaction?, Patricia Cabrera Jan 2016

Do Differentiation Of Self And Dispositional Optimism Moderate The Relation Of Perceived Ptsd Symptoms To Military Partners' Romantic Relationship Satisfaction?, Patricia Cabrera

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Despite extensive research on the harmful effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on veterans, little is known about military couples’ post-deployment adjustment process. From the perspective of positive psychology, the present study extended the literature on this topic by examining the possible buffering contributions of dispositional optimism and differentiation of self on the relation between partner-perceived PTSD symptoms and relationship satisfaction.

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Do The Perceptions Of Supervisory Working Alliance Mediate The Relation Between Perceived Supervisors' Multicultural Competence And Trainees' Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy?, Arthur Ritmeester Jan 2016

Do The Perceptions Of Supervisory Working Alliance Mediate The Relation Between Perceived Supervisors' Multicultural Competence And Trainees' Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy?, Arthur Ritmeester

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study tested whether the relation between supervisory multicultural competence (SMC), as perceived by the supervisee, and multicultural counseling self-efficacy (MCSE) was partially mediated by the supervisory working alliance (SWA). This study was conducted in response to (a) a mismatch in previous research between the operationalization of MCSE and the underlying theorizing, and (b) inconsistent results in previous research about the relation between the SWA and counseling self-efficacy development. Participants were 182 health service psychologist trainees in the United States receiving supervision at the time of data collection.

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The Push And Pull Of Language Ideologies : Multilingual Communicative Practices Among Youths In An Indonesian City, Kristian Tamtomo Jan 2016

The Push And Pull Of Language Ideologies : Multilingual Communicative Practices Among Youths In An Indonesian City, Kristian Tamtomo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This thesis deals with the use of Javanese, Bahasa Indonesia and English in the spoken and written communication of high school youths in the city of Semarang, Central Java. The thesis aims to understand the patterns in which youths make use of these languages in various communicative contexts and the way youths use languages to either enact or negotiate the polycentric "push and pull" of the various language ideologies associated with local, national, and global language. Data collection was conducted using ethnographic methods, which involved participant observation, recordings of conversations, collection of texts, as well as interviews with youth groups …

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