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2015

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Articles 16021 - 16050 of 19696

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Does Humor Promote Cognitive Flexibility By Way Of Its Affective And Cognitive Components? : A Prospective Test, Stuart Jenkins Daman Jan 2015

Does Humor Promote Cognitive Flexibility By Way Of Its Affective And Cognitive Components? : A Prospective Test, Stuart Jenkins Daman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Two studies tested hypotheses regarding the idea that humor promotes cognitive flexibility. Two components of humor are argued to promote cognitive flexibility. First, the positive emotion associated with humor may enhance cognitive flexibility. Second, the processing of humor may exercise complex cognitive processing, thus making similar processing more efficient on subsequent tasks. Participants in Experiment 1 read humorous sentences or one of two types of non-humorous sentences. Participants in Experiment 2 viewed captioned images that varied in the presence of positivity and incongruity. Results of both studies do not support the idea that humor promotes cognitive flexibility, nor do they …

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Legislating For American Empire : The U.S. Congress And Territorial Policy, Timothy Lindberg Jan 2015

Legislating For American Empire : The U.S. Congress And Territorial Policy, Timothy Lindberg

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The United States has always administered territorial governments and the primary entity entrusted with this authority is the United States Congress. This dissertation, using an American Political Development framework, seeks to uncover the variety of ways in which Congressional decision-making over territorial policy has shifted. The goal is to understand how the United States Congress worked toward establishing and maintaining an American Empire via the use of territorial policy. A variety of causal mechanisms causing are investigated, including the demographic targets of policy, partisan conflicts, changing norms and rules of Congress, pressures from other branches or the states, national security …

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I Can See What You Are Saying : Auditory Labels Reduce Visual Search Times, Kit Wing Cho Jan 2015

I Can See What You Are Saying : Auditory Labels Reduce Visual Search Times, Kit Wing Cho

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The present study explored the mechanisms underlying the self-directed speech effect, the finding that relative to silent reading of a label (e.g., “DOG”), saying it aloud reduces visual search reaction times (RTs) for locating a target picture among distractors. Experiment 1 examined whether this effect is due to a confound in the differences in the number of cues in self-directed speech (two) vs. silent reading (one) and tested whether speech, per se, is required for the effect. Self-directed speech did not reduce search RTs more than hearing only a pre-recorded auditory presentation of a label, both of which reduced RTs …

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Welfare And Crime Revisited : Beyond Yea Or Nay, Colin Gruner Jan 2015

Welfare And Crime Revisited : Beyond Yea Or Nay, Colin Gruner

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The criminological literature has found that welfare is negatively associated with crime, but few studies have tested this association with data from after the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) passed in 1996. PRWORA fundamentally altered the structure of the U.S. welfare state. The goals of this dissertation were to identify the research and theories on welfare and crime and test whether the relationship has changed since PRWORA. A review of the literature showed that there were several lines of research on welfare and crime but no studies drawing on the full extent of the welfare-crime literature. After combining …

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Current Status Of Rti Implementation : Influences On School Psychologists' Service Delivery And Self-Efficacy, Elizabeth Sabourin Jan 2015

Current Status Of Rti Implementation : Influences On School Psychologists' Service Delivery And Self-Efficacy, Elizabeth Sabourin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Response to Intervention (RtI) is a prevention-oriented approach to helping all students succeed academically. It is a framework that, when applied properly, influences all decision-making within a school building and/or district. Currently, most American school districts report using an RtI framework. Specifics regarding implementation, however, are unknown at this time. Given that RtI is a systems-wide approach which is philosophically disparate from traditional ways of viewing students struggling academically, it has the potential to shift traditional school psychological roles. Our knowledge regarding the degree to which RtI has changed school psychologists’ practices is incomplete at this time. Additionally, there is …

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Monitoring Soil Response To Decreasing Acidic Deposition In A Western Adirondack Tributary Over A 16 Year Period, Michael Robert Antidormi Jan 2015

Monitoring Soil Response To Decreasing Acidic Deposition In A Western Adirondack Tributary Over A 16 Year Period, Michael Robert Antidormi

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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Supervisee Nondisclosure : Do Supervisors' Multicultural Competence And The Supervisory Working Alliance Matter?, Heidi Hutman Jan 2015

Supervisee Nondisclosure : Do Supervisors' Multicultural Competence And The Supervisory Working Alliance Matter?, Heidi Hutman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study sought to understand the circumstances under which supervisee nondisclosure (SND; e.g., Siembor, 2012) is more or less likely to occur by identifying potential constructs that may relate to SND. Specifically, this study investigated the extent to which supervisees’ perceptions of the supervisory working alliance (SWA; Bahrick et al., 1991) and supervisor multicultural competence (SMC; Inman, 2006) contributed uniquely and jointly to SND. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that the SWA would be uniquely and inversely related to SND controlling for SMC and that supervisee perceptions of SMC would be uniquely and inversely related to SND controlling for the SWA. …

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Culture, Elder-Care, Interrole Transitions, And Work-Family Conflict : A U.S.-Chinese Comparison, John Paul Agosta Jan 2015

Culture, Elder-Care, Interrole Transitions, And Work-Family Conflict : A U.S.-Chinese Comparison, John Paul Agosta

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study provides an exploratory cross-cultural comparison of the role of culture, elder-care demands, and interrole transitions within the work-family conflict context. The two main research questions were focused on how eldercare demands relate to familial collectivism, and how these two constructs related to interrole transitions. One sample from the U.S. (n= 820) and one sample from China (n= 685) were obtained via online survey panels and compared on the same variables. The findings were for the most part similar for China and America overall, and mediation analyses indicated a relationship between elder-care demands and work-family conflict through family-to-work transitioning …

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Physical Activity And Sports Team Participation As Predictors Of Suicidal Behavior In High School Students, Jacquelyn E. O'Connor Jan 2015

Physical Activity And Sports Team Participation As Predictors Of Suicidal Behavior In High School Students, Jacquelyn E. O'Connor

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Youth suicidal behavior is a significant and worldwide public health problem. Although a variety of demographic variables and risk factors have been found to be associated with youth suicidal behavior, research on wellness activities that may be inversely associated with youth suicidal behavior is lacking. Using the Center for Disease Control’s Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) data from 2011, this study examined the relationship between physical activity, sports participation, and suicidal behavior in high school students. Results indicated that suicidality did vary by level of physical activity in the sample used in the study (t = 4.679, p = …

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The Third Wave Of Democratization : Consolidation Of Nominal Democracy, Rak Koo Chung Jan 2015

The Third Wave Of Democratization : Consolidation Of Nominal Democracy, Rak Koo Chung

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The topic of the dissertation is the third wave of democratization: Authoritarian regimes on earth around 1975 mostly gave way to democratic regimes by 2000. How did it happen? Why did democracies massively emerge even in the poorest countries where democracy was least expected? Why did global democracy increase in number but decline in quality? I inquire what factors promoted the third wave in what manners. To answer the question, I employ a mixed-methods approach, taking a sequential design of quantitative-to-qualitative methods. Event history analysis is conducted to test the factors of democratic transitions. Alternative theories are proposed based on …

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Taming A Profession : State And Economists During China's Economic Reform, 1978-2012, Jing Li Jan 2015

Taming A Profession : State And Economists During China's Economic Reform, 1978-2012, Jing Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

As neoliberalism comes to reshape the world, economists have increasingly reconstituted themselves into a global profession with sufficient political power over national states. This dissertation examines the professional development of Chinese economists during last thirty years’ economic reform to see whether they have converged with their colleagues elsewhere and triumphed over state power.

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The Contribution Of Mindfulness Meditation And Values Clarification To The Treatment Of Anxiety : An Experience Sampling Study, Christopher Robert Berghoff Jan 2015

The Contribution Of Mindfulness Meditation And Values Clarification To The Treatment Of Anxiety : An Experience Sampling Study, Christopher Robert Berghoff

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health concern in the United States. Yet, many who suffer from anxiety do not receive treatment or fail to respond to well-established cognitive and behavioral interventions. Mindfulness- and values-based strategies are possible alternatives for these individuals. However, values-based approaches have not been adequately studied in anxious populations and it is unclear how they may interact with mindfulness-based approaches. Moreover, little is understood about the mechanisms of action underlying behavioral changes resulting from mindfulness meditation (MM) practices. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is one approach that employs values clarification (VC) and mindfulness to bring …

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The "New Civil Rights" : The Innocence Movement And American Criminal Justice, Robert Norris Jan 2015

The "New Civil Rights" : The Innocence Movement And American Criminal Justice, Robert Norris

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Few issues have captivated the criminal justice world in recent years like wrongful convictions. An advocacy network has developed around the United States, responsible for exonerating more than 1,500 individuals and successfully passing reforms at all levels of criminal justice policy and practice. This "innocence movement" has been described as a "revolution" and a "new civil rights movement," yet has rarely been examined in-depth by scholars. In this dissertation, I explore the history and theoretical underpinnings of the movement through interviews with 37 actors involved in innocence work, archival materials, and observational research. I draw on the rich body of …

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The Great Migration And Health Of The Left-Behind Elderly In Rural China, Qian Song Jan 2015

The Great Migration And Health Of The Left-Behind Elderly In Rural China, Qian Song

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In face of massive internal migration in China, this dissertation brings attention to the wellbeing of the left-behind elderly in the social context that adult children, the potential out-migrants, are still the culturally expected and de facto major eldercare providers. This dissertation has attempted to untangle and explain associations between adult out-migration and the psychological and physical health of the left-behind elderly in rural China.

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Identity Compatibility, Career Adaptability, And Adaptive Coping As Predictors Of College Women's Commitment In Stem Majors, Michelle Murray Jan 2015

Identity Compatibility, Career Adaptability, And Adaptive Coping As Predictors Of College Women's Commitment In Stem Majors, Michelle Murray

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The ‘leaky pipeline’ is a metaphor often used to describe the progressive and persistent phenomenon that occurs when women who have initially planned on pursuing STEM careers drop out before a career is established (Cronin & Roger, 1999). Women pursuing STEM occupations often receive messages that they do not belong or are not expected to succeed in the field, which can negatively impact one’s academic performance, increase psychological stress, and influence one’s persistence within a field of study (Steele & Aronson, 1995; London, Downey, Bolger & Velilla, 2005). Using career construction theory (Savickas, 2013) as a framework, the current study …

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A Variationist Approach To Code-Switching And Lexical Borrowing : The Case Of Limonese-Spanish Bilinguals In Puerto LimóN, Costa Rica, Ashley Laboda Jan 2015

A Variationist Approach To Code-Switching And Lexical Borrowing : The Case Of Limonese-Spanish Bilinguals In Puerto LimóN, Costa Rica, Ashley Laboda

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The current study aims to contribute to the body of research on variation in the speech of bilinguals in language contact situations, as well as the ongoing discussions of creoles in contact with languages other than their lexifiers. Bilingual production of lone lexical Spanish insertions and multiword Spanish insertions in otherwise Limonese Creole (Limonese) speech are analyzed, and both linguistic and extralinguistic factors are considered. Previous studies have measured lone word integration in bilingual corpora and have shown that lone lexical insertions are integrated into the recipient language as borrowings almost categorically regardless of frequency (nonce or more frequent than …

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The Process Of Learning To Do Social Work In The Undergraduate Field Practicum In Mainland China : Bsw Students' Perceptions Of Most Useful Learning Event, Qiang Chen Jan 2015

The Process Of Learning To Do Social Work In The Undergraduate Field Practicum In Mainland China : Bsw Students' Perceptions Of Most Useful Learning Event, Qiang Chen

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Social work educational programs have been rapidly expanded in mainland China since 2000, and field practicum is considered as one of the most problematic areas. This qualitative study explores baccalaureate social work students’ perceptions of the most useful learning event in the field practicum. Critical Incident Technique-based interview was conducted with 27 students from one undergraduate program in Beijing. Interview transcripts were analyzed using Nvivo software, guided by a constant comparative method in the ground theory tradition. From data analysis, a general learning process emerged that reveals similar patterns of learning among the student participants. This general learning process comprises …

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Drunkorexia : Gender Differences In Compensatory Behavior In Response To Alcohol Use, Sasha Gorrell Jan 2015

Drunkorexia : Gender Differences In Compensatory Behavior In Response To Alcohol Use, Sasha Gorrell

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Compensatory eating behaviors (e.g., vomiting; caloric restriction) related to alcohol consumption may lead to both hazardous drinking as well as disordered eating (e.g., Barry & Piazza-Gardner, 2012; Eisenberg & Fitz 2014). Motivation for compensatory behaviors may differ; some of these behaviors may be more related to eating pathology (e.g., weight and shape concerns), or more related to alcohol (e.g., enhancing alcohol effects). What remains less well understood is whether motivation based on alcohol enhancement is associated specifically with reported eating disorder symptoms, and whether this relation may differ according to sex. An undergraduate sample (N = 530, 48% female) completed …

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Employment After Incarceration : Exploring The Influence Of Cumulative Disadvantage On Multiple Employment Outcomes, Amanda D. Emmert Jan 2015

Employment After Incarceration : Exploring The Influence Of Cumulative Disadvantage On Multiple Employment Outcomes, Amanda D. Emmert

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Prisons and jails across the Unites States release more than 600,000 inmates each year. Scholars have posed and addressed numerous concerns for the reintegration outcomes and prospects that face ex-inmates. Yet, little is known about the cumulative employment and economic disadvantages faced by ex-inmates who experienced their first incarceration at early ages or experience multiple incarcerations throughout their lives. Using event history and fixed effects analyses on longitudinal data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), this project explores employment acquisition, employment tenure, employment stability, and use of public assistance for signs of differential ex-inmate disadvantages. While cumulative disadvantage is …

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The Effects Of Parental Monitoring And Parent-Child Relationships Quality On Children's Academic Engagement In Mother-Headed, Single-Parent Families, Benjamin Robert Malczyk Jan 2015

The Effects Of Parental Monitoring And Parent-Child Relationships Quality On Children's Academic Engagement In Mother-Headed, Single-Parent Families, Benjamin Robert Malczyk

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Using a sample of 110 mother-headed single-parent families, this longitudinal study examined the relationship between pre-adolescent students’ academic engagement and three variables: Parental monitoring, parent-child attachment, and observed child-parent relationship quality. Special interest resided in the extent to which observed relationship quality or attachment moderated the relationship between parental monitoring and academic engagement.

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Three Essays On Higher Education, Fang Song Jan 2015

Three Essays On Higher Education, Fang Song

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In the first chapter, I analyze the growth patterns of postsecondary education costs in re-cent years. It shows the trends of college revenue, expenditure and other financial items using data drawn from the Delta Data Project between 1987 and 2010. Connections be-tween various categories of revenue / spending and state-level macroeconomic indicators were analyzed using GLS models. College tuition had been growing rapidly over time, whereas total revenues and expenditures did not grow so much. The differences in the responses of public sector and private sector institutions to changes in state-level factors stem from differences in their main sources of …

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Stereotypes And Deadly Force Decision-Making, Mark R. Chaires Jan 2015

Stereotypes And Deadly Force Decision-Making, Mark R. Chaires

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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Interpersonal Versus Non-Interpersonal Sadness Intensity And Its Effect On Music Preferences, Tina Demarco Jan 2015

Interpersonal Versus Non-Interpersonal Sadness Intensity And Its Effect On Music Preferences, Tina Demarco

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In two studies, I examined the effect of induced interpersonal sadness versus non-interpersonal sadness while controlling for intensity. Lee, Andrade, and Palmer (2013) examined this initially by comparing the loss of someone to losing a competition. They found a significant difference in music preference between those induced into interpersonal versus non-interpersonal sadness groups such that those in the interpersonal group reported a stronger preference for mood-congruent, sad music. However, they unintentionally confounded the effects of intensity with the effects of type of sadness. The current study attempted to equate the sadness intensities between the interpersonal and non-interpersonal mood inductions. After …

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The Effects Of Acculturative Factors And Academic Self-Efficacy On International Students' Psychological Adjustment, Jeremy Bissram Jan 2015

The Effects Of Acculturative Factors And Academic Self-Efficacy On International Students' Psychological Adjustment, Jeremy Bissram

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

International students who come to the United States to attend an educational institution go through a process of adjustment in transitioning to the United States. This study focused on further understanding the factors that influence the psychological adjustment process of international students. Using the sojourner adjustment and self-efficacy literatures (i.e., Bandura, 1977; Church. 1982; Ward & Kennedy, 1999) as guiding frameworks, the current study examined the influence of acculturative factors and academic self-efficacy on international students’ levels of depression and life satisfaction. Acculturative factors included acculturative stress, English language proficiency (ELP), and social support from both home and host country.

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The Lived Experiences Of Lesbian Clergy In Four Protestant Mainline Denominations : The Formation Of Their Religious, Spiritual, And Sexual Identities, Pamela Jeanne Pater-Ennis Jan 2015

The Lived Experiences Of Lesbian Clergy In Four Protestant Mainline Denominations : The Formation Of Their Religious, Spiritual, And Sexual Identities, Pamela Jeanne Pater-Ennis

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study explores the multiplicity of challenging issues that lesbian clergy face today from a social work perspective, utilizing the intersecting concepts found in social work and theology as an interpretive framework. From the social work perspective, the theoretical constructs of social identity theory, ecological theory, and anti-oppressive theory inform the qualitative questions of this study. Answers flow from the data extracted from interviews with the sample, utilizing modified grounded theory and listening guide methodologies to give “voice” to the lesbian clergy and the challenges that they faced due to their religious, spiritual, and sexual identities. Specifically, this is a …

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Predicting Job Performance In Correctional Officers With Pre-Employment Psychological Screening, Shelley S. Hyland Jan 2015

Predicting Job Performance In Correctional Officers With Pre-Employment Psychological Screening, Shelley S. Hyland

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

There is substantial cost in the hiring and training of a correctional officer, with a high rate of turnover compounding these costs. While pre-employment psychological screening is suggested as one method to prevent these losses, mandates to screen are not as common in corrections as they are in law enforcement. Further, minimal research has examined the validity of psychological testing in correctional officers. This dissertation examined pre-employment psychological screening for 421 correctional officers hired by one of three upstate New York sheriff's departments. Assessments were conducted by Public Safety Psychology, PLLC from March, 1997 to June, 2012. T scores and …

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Neoliberalism, Populist Mobilization, And State-Making In Latin America : The Cases Of Mexico And Venezuela, Anibal Francisco Gauna Jan 2015

Neoliberalism, Populist Mobilization, And State-Making In Latin America : The Cases Of Mexico And Venezuela, Anibal Francisco Gauna

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Populism, as the Manichean juxtaposition of the elites versus the common citizen ("the People"), has become an entrenched phenomenon of the modern moral order. Political populism, which feeds from and reinforces the “elite vs the people” confrontation in the political arena, has been a recurrent feature of Latin American politics. The present work studies one its strains, say, the successful conflation of populism and the left in Venezuela—and the lack thereof in Mexico. Through process-tracing (George & Bennet 2005) several mechanisms explaining the success of the radical populist (Chavista) movement in Venezuela are identified, while a comparison with Mexico helps …

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Three Essays On Scientists, Engineers, And Industrial R & D, Sifan Zhou Jan 2015

Three Essays On Scientists, Engineers, And Industrial R & D, Sifan Zhou

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The first chapter studies the effects of noncompetition agreements (NCA) on the mobility and compensation of doctoral degree recipients by analyzing the variation in the enforceability of these contracts across states and over time in the United States. I find that, for doctoral degree recipients who work in industry, stricter NCA enforcement decreases within-state job mobility, increases cross-state job mobility, and flattens salary growth. Freshly minted PhDs who work in states with tougher NCA enforcement earn lower starting salaries.

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Fiscal Policy, Laffer Curves And Economic Growth, Si Gao Jan 2015

Fiscal Policy, Laffer Curves And Economic Growth, Si Gao

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The doctoral dissertation consists of three essays on the topics of economic growth and fiscal policy.

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Key Generalization Of Recognition Memory For Melodies, Abigail Lincoln Kleinsmith Jan 2015

Key Generalization Of Recognition Memory For Melodies, Abigail Lincoln Kleinsmith

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

People easily recognize a melody in a previously unheard key, but they also retain some key-specific information. I tested the hypothesis that individuals compare novel melodies to a memory “prototype” representing the central tendency of experienced exemplars. Participants were familiarized with a monotonic eight-note melody in two closely separated keys and tested for discrimination of that melody from others. Test and foil melodies included ones that were the “average” of pitch heights and ones that were more distant in pitch height. Hit rates and discriminability (d') were better for physically closer keys than for harmonically related keys. In follow-up experiments, …

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