Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Rapamycin Rescues Vascular, Metabolic And Learning Deficits In Apolipoprotein E4 Transgenic Mice With Pre-Symptomatic Alzheimer’S Disease, Ai-Ling Lin, Jordan B. Jahrling, Wei Zhang, Nicholas Derosa, Vikas Bakshi, Peter Romero, Veronica Galvan, Arlan Richardson

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele is a common susceptibility gene for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain vascular and metabolic deficits can occur in cognitively normal apolipoprotein E ɛ4 carriers decades before the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The goal of this study was to determine whether early intervention using rapamycin could restore neurovascular and neurometabolic functions, and thus impede pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms in pre-symptomatic Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 transgenic mice. Using in vivo, multimodal neuroimaging, we found that apolipoprotein E ɛ4 mice treated with rapamycin had restored cerebral blood flow, blood–brain barrier integrity and glucose metabolism, compared …

Inter-Organizational Network Effects On The Implementation Of Public Health Services, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Background: The Affordable Care Act created new incentives for hospitals, insurers, public health agencies, and others to contribute to disease prevention and health promotion activities, potentially changing inter-organizational relationships and expanding implementation of strategies that improve population health. This study uses data from the 1998-2014 National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems to examine: (1) the extent and nature of change in inter-organizational contributions to public health activities; (2) whether network changes attenuate or exacerbate disparities in public health implementation across communities; and (3) how network changes affect preventable mortality and resource use.

Methods: We follow a longitudinal cohort of …

Exploring The Structure Of Library And Information Science Web Space Based On Multivariate Analysis Of Social Tags, Soohyung Joo, Margaret E. I. Kipp

Information Science Faculty Publications

Introduction. This study examines the structure of Web space in the field of library and information science using multivariate analysis of social tags from the Website, Delicious.com. A few studies have examined mathematical modelling of tags, mainly examining tagging in terms of tri-partite graphs, pattern tracing and descriptive statistics. This study is one of the few studies to employ multivariate analysis in investigating dimensions of Web spaces based on social tagging data.

Method. This study examines the post data collected from a set of library and information science related Websites bookmarked on Delicious.com using a Web crawler. Post data consist …

Accounting For Indirect Costs In Public Health Cost Analyses, Melanie D. Whittington, Adam Atherly, Lisa Vanraemdonck

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Background. There is a gap in research regarding the resources needed to deliver public health activities, which inhibits informed decision making around investments in public health and the allocation of funds among activities. When conducting cost analyses in public health, it is important to include costs from all cost components, including personnel, non-personnel, and indirect costs. However, defining, identifying, and measuring indirect costs is challenging and can impede studies of this type. Purpose. The purpose of this pilot study is to create a catalog of the methodologies public health researchers have used to account for indirect costs. Methods. We surveyed …

Jurisdiction Size And Director Compensation In Connecticut Local Health Departments, Nicole Lorenzo, Rexford E. Santerre

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Objective: To examine if the compensation of local public health directors responds to organizational size in the same manner found for other types of for-profit, not-for-profit, and public managers.

Design: Panel data ordinary least squares with fixed effects for the local health department and time period. Control variables include median household income, the unemployment rate, and the part-time versus full-time and independent versus district status of the local public health department.

Setting: Sample of Connecticut local health departments over the period from 2001 to 2011.

Main Outcome Measures: Annual wage of the local public health director …

Mice Deficient In Endothelial Α5 Integrin Are Profoundly Resistant To Experimental Ischemic Stroke, Jill Roberts, Leon De Hoog, Gregory J. Bix

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Stroke is a disease in dire need of better therapies. We have previously shown that a fragment of the extracellular matrix proteoglycan, perlecan, has beneficial effects following cerebral ischemia via the α5β1 integrin receptor. We now report that endothelial cell selective α5 integrin deficient mice (α5 KO) are profoundly resistant to ischemic infarct after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Specifically, α5 KOs had little to no infarct 2–3 days post-stroke, whereas controls had an increase in mean infarct volume over the same time period as expected. Functional outcome is also improved in the α5 KOs compared with controls. Importantly, no …

Early Shifts Of Brain Metabolism By Caloric Restriction Preserve White Matter Integrity And Long-Term Memory In Aging Mice, Janet Guo, Vikas Bakshi, Ai-Ling Lin

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Preservation of brain integrity with age is highly associated with lifespan determination. Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to increase longevity and healthspan in various species; however, its effects on preserving living brain functions in aging remain largely unexplored. In the study, we used multimodal, non-invasive neuroimaging (PET/MRI/MRS) to determine in vivo brain glucose metabolism, energy metabolites, and white matter structural integrity in young and old mice fed with either control or 40% CR diet. In addition, we determined the animals’ memory and learning ability with behavioral assessments. Blood glucose, blood ketone bodies, and body weight were also measured. We …

Settlement-Size Scaling Among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems In The New World, W. Randall Haas, Cynthia J. Klink, Greg J. Maggard, Mark S. Aldenderfer

Anthropology Faculty Publications

Settlement size predicts extreme variation in the rates and magnitudes of many social and ecological processes in human societies. Yet, the factors that drive human settlement-size variation remain poorly understood. Size variation among economically integrated settlements tends to be heavy tailed such that the smallest settlements are extremely common and the largest settlements extremely large and rare. The upper tail of this size distribution is often formalized mathematically as a power-law function. Explanations for this scaling structure in human settlement systems tend to emphasize complex socioeconomic processes including agriculture, manufacturing, and warfare-behaviors that tend to differentially nucleate and disperse populations …

Estimating Health & Economic Gains From Public Health Delivery System Transformation, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Objectives: The Affordable Care Act created new resources and incentives for hospitals, insurers, public health agencies, and others to contribute to disease prevention and health promotion activities, potentially changing the structure of public health delivery systems and expanding the implementation of strategies that improve population health. This study uses data from the 1998-2014 National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems to examine: (1) the extent and nature of change in inter-organizational contributions to public health activities, which we use as indicators of public health system change; and (2) the effects of these changes on preventable mortality and resource use. Methods: …

Residual Impact Of Previous Injury On Musculoskeletal Characteristics In Special Forces Operators, Jeffrey J. Parr, Nicholas C. Clark, John P. Abt, Julie Y. Kresta, Karen A. Keenan, Shawn F Kane, Scott M. Lephart

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries are a significant burden to United States Army Special Operations Forces. The advanced tactical skill level and physical training required of Army Special Operators highlights the need to optimize musculoskeletal characteristics to reduce the likelihood of suffering a recurrent injury.

Purpose: To identify the residual impact of previous injury on musculoskeletal characteristics.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods: Isokinetic strength of the knee, shoulder, and back and flexibility of the shoulder and hamstrings were assessed as part of a comprehensive human performance protocol, and self-reported musculoskeletal injury history was obtained. Subjects were stratified based …

Library Analytics And Assessment: The Sine Qua Non Of Measuring Our Success, Jennifer A. Bartlett

Library Faculty and Staff Publications

This "New and Noteworthy" discusses recent and classic titles related to library evaluation and assessment in academic, public, and school library settings. Key online resources are also discussed.

Para-Expertise, Tacit Knowledge, And Writing Problems, Jenny Rice

Writing, Rhetoric, and Digital Studies Faculty Publications

My office is on the thirteenth floor of an eighteen-story concrete tower that sits in the heart of campus. The building is so massively disproportionate to other buildings that it looms over the entire campus. Inside, the hallways are long and narrow, with no windows or natural light. A bank of six large elevators takes up the center space of each floor. Perhaps it is not surprising that this office tower has become the source of campus lore and legends among students and faculty. During my first semester on campus, a student asked if I knew the history of my …

Kentucky’S Public Health Strategic Plan: Strengthening Foundational Services & Improving Population Health, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

This session examines recent progress toward the 2012 Institute of Medicine recommendation to identify the components and costs of a "minimum package" of public health services and foundational capabilities to be available across the U.S. Research about the health and economic benefits of Foundational Public Health Services has begun to shape Kentucky's strategic plan for transforming the public health system.

Analytic Approaches For Causal Inference With Complex Multi-Component Interventions, Glen P. Mays, Arnold J. Stromberg, Jing Li, Mark V. Williams

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Estimating the causal effects of complex, multi-component health interventions is a task with many challenges in measurement and methodology. This presentation profiles the methods being used as part of the PCORI-funded Project Achieve, a national study to estimate the comparative effectiveness of heterogeneous care transition programs designed to help hospitalized patients and their caregivers navigate care delivery systems effectively and return back to the community with optimal health and wellbeing.

Ky Digital Newspaper Program, Kopana Terry

Library Presentations

Kopana Terry details the University of Kentucky Libraries' past, present and future newspaper digitization program, including how newspaper digitization came to fruition, selecting content for digitization, copyright, digitization from paper vs. film, vendor selection, software, and keeping the program afloat during tough economic circumstances.

Meaning In The Spaces: Archivists' Impact On The Historical Record, Ruth E. Bryan

Library Presentations

Archives and “the archives” are culturally-specific places and materials. In the same way, both individual archivists and users of archives are situated in specific, often different, contexts of culture and identity. Archives are also spaces where researchers encounter sources for creating history. Thus, as both archival professionals and users of archival material, the meanings we construct for ourselves through understanding our past can be thought of as being constantly generated in the ever-changing spaces within and across archival sources, where individual donors, archivists, and researchers, archival professional standards, daily practical needs, and repositories’ organizational missions interact and interrelate. Because each …

Declining Survivor Benefits And Labor Force Participation, Amanda Geary

Kaleidoscope

Social Security Survivor Benefits aim to mitigate the problem of raising children on a single income by granting a widow monthly payments in her child’s name. However, as each child reaches the age of 18 (or 19, if he or she is attending elementary or high school full-time) his or her benefits are discontinued. As is increasingly common in today’s society, simply turning 18 is not indicative of financial independence. This paper attempts to discern whether a widow changes labor force habits when her children become legal adults and survivor benefits are reduced or discontinued. Though many of my results …

The Consequences Of The Federal Deficit: An Empirical Analysis, John T. Knadler

Kaleidoscope

One of the major issues of political debate in the United States during the past 20 years has been the potential consequences of rising federal deficits. Some politicians and economists argue for the traditional view that deficits increase interest rates and erode private savings, while those who hold the Ricardian equivalence view believe that economic agents are forward looking and will realize that a tax cut today will cause a future deficit, thus they will not change their behavior in response to the increase in wealth from the tax cut. My research was designed to determine through econometric regression analysis …

Impact Study And Comparative Analysis Of The Ymca’S Black Achiever Program, Jennifer Burnett, Vladyslav Sushko, Ben Woodman

Kaleidoscope

In this study, multiple surveys were designed and administered to program participants in the Central Kentucky chapter of the YMCA Black Achievers Program. The purpose of this project was to collect data on the academic success of these students for comparison to that of students in their geographic area who did not take part in the program. The full project also collected data on individuals’ responses regarding program effectiveness, level of satisfaction, etc., to help the administrators of the BAP continue to update and improve the program to better meet participants’ needs. This research summary focuses only on the quantitative …

Careful Commitments: Democratic States And Alliance Design, Daina Chiba, Jesse C. Johnson, Brett Ashley Leeds

Political Science Faculty Publications

Evidence suggests that leaders of democratic states experience high costs from violating past commitments. We argue that because democratic leaders foresee the costs of violation, they are careful to design agreements they expect to have a high probability of fulfilling. This may cause democratic leaders to prefer flexible or limited commitments. We evaluate our argument by analyzing the design of alliance treaties signed by countries of the world between 1815 and 2003. We find that alliances formed among democratic states are more likely to include obligations for future consultation rather than precommitting leaders to active conflict, and defense pacts formed …

Misdiagnosis: Dysfunction Between Western Health Organizations And Developing Nations, Dannette Smith Cook

Ex-Patt Magazine

Improving the global public health system is no simple task. Find out how Indonesia can help explain a culture of distrust between developing nations and international health organizations.

The Cracks In Nato's Fault Narrative: Why Nato Enlargement Fails To Explain Russian Aggression, Katherine Miller

Ex-Patt Magazine

What explains Russia’s recent behavior? Some blame the expansion of NATO for Russian aggression, but that isn’t the whole story.

Southeastern Law Librarian Fall 2015, Seaall

Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Editor, Kathryn Wallace

Ex-Patt Magazine

No abstract provided.

From Ike To Obama: The Perpetual Pivot Of American Foreign Policy, Leslie Stubbs

Ex-Patt Magazine

America’s touted “Pivot to Asia” marks a rebalance of US foreign policy, but it’s hardly the first time America has shifted its international focus - What the Eisenhower administration can tell us about contemporary.

Teutonic Terror: The History Of German Counterterrorism Policy, Harry Richart

Ex-Patt Magazine

Terrorism wasn’t born in the 21st Century. Learn how Germany has dealt with domestic threats from the Cold War to the War on Terror.

Western Promises: Sustainability And Consequence For Baltic Security, Clay Moore

Ex-Patt Magazine

Renewed Russian expansion is raising concerns about security of its neighbors. The Baltic States seem unnervingly close to Russia, but how vulnerable are they to Russian influence?

The Universality Of Strength And Pain, Portia Watson

Ex-Patt Magazine

A graduate student specializing in international development details her experience at a traditional medicine clinic in Thailand. Includes a photo spread.

A “Special Relationship” For The 21st Century: Options For Us-India Relations, Ryan Kuhns

Ex-Patt Magazine

No abstract provided.

Prevailing Against Polio: India's Holistic Development Strategy, Anonymous Submission

Ex-Patt Magazine

No abstract provided.