Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2015

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 15991 - 16020 of 19696

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Scholarly Collaboration And Information & Communications Technologies (Icts) In Information Sciences : A Longitudinal Analysis Of The Research Collaboration Social Network, Xiao Liang Jan 2015

Scholarly Collaboration And Information & Communications Technologies (Icts) In Information Sciences : A Longitudinal Analysis Of The Research Collaboration Social Network, Xiao Liang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation investigates the changing effect of geodesic, cultural (organization, profession, and country), and knowledge boundaries on scholarly collaboration. It also examines how the change can relate to the development of Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs).

Go to article

Human Feeding Biomechanics : Intraspecific Variation And Evolution, Justin Ledogar Jan 2015

Human Feeding Biomechanics : Intraspecific Variation And Evolution, Justin Ledogar

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study examines feeding biomechanics in modern human crania and those of extinct early members of the human lineage in order to better understand the selective pressures that influenced human craniofacial evolution. Specifically, this study uses finite element analysis to examine: 1) human feeding performance, in terms bite force production and craniofacial strength; 2) intraspecific variation in human feeding biomechanics; 3) feeding biomechanics in fossil hominins, including Australopithecus sediba and Homo habilis, species that are potentially at the root of modern human lineage, and 4) the functional role of purported facial buttresses.

Go to article

Supervisee Avoidant Attachment And Supervisors' Use Of Relational Behavior : Contributions To The Working Alliance, Katharine Suzanne Shaffer Jan 2015

Supervisee Avoidant Attachment And Supervisors' Use Of Relational Behavior : Contributions To The Working Alliance, Katharine Suzanne Shaffer

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Supervision research has demonstrated the importance of a strong supervisory working alliance in the context of clinical training. However, little is known about what specifically occurs in clinical supervision that contributes to a strong supervisory working alliance. The present study of counselor trainees was designed to investigate relations among their avoidant attachment style, perceptions of relational behaviors used by their supervisors in the most recent supervision session, and the supervisory working alliance. Competing hypotheses stated that greater use of relational behavior on the part of supervisors would either mediate or moderate the inverse relationship between trainees' avoidant attachment style and …

Go to article

Antibiotics, The Microbiome, And Immunity : A Case Study In Bangladesh, Carmen Fagnani Jan 2015

Antibiotics, The Microbiome, And Immunity : A Case Study In Bangladesh, Carmen Fagnani

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this study was to establish a theoretical impact of antibiotic misuse on the microbiome and its effects on immunity. Recent studies indicate the importance of a microbiome on the immune system. Both the leptin signaling pathways and CD4T cell production are influenced by the microbiome (Mazmanian, et al. 2005). The use of antibiotics has been associated with dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance in the digestive tract. The immune system is limited when the microbiome is dysbiotic.

Go to article

Collaborative Supervision : A Cross-Validation Assessment Of The Collaborative Supervisor Behavior Scale, Michael Zlatev Jan 2015

Collaborative Supervision : A Cross-Validation Assessment Of The Collaborative Supervisor Behavior Scale, Michael Zlatev

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Collaboration is often cited as an important component of effective clinical supervision. Despite its frequent mention, the collaboration construct has often been poorly defined or confounded with other constructs. The present study sought to replicate and extend the work of Rousmaniere and Ellis (2013) on collaborative clinical supervision (CS) by evaluating the psychometric properties of a measure of collaborative supervision, the Collaborative Supervisor Behavior Scale (CSBS), and assessing its relation with the supervisory working alliance. The factorial structure and measurement invariance of the CSBS were evaluated. Concurrent validity of the CSBS scores was assessed by exploring relations with measures of …

Go to article

Theories Of Political Resistance : The Making Of Resistance From The Sixteenth Century To The Present, Onur Bilginer Jan 2015

Theories Of Political Resistance : The Making Of Resistance From The Sixteenth Century To The Present, Onur Bilginer

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study discerns political resistance from everyday resistance and then develops on a distinction between a morally and politically justifiable resistance and the kind that is not. Drawing on different historical periods, it demonstrates why the conceptual clarification and moral justification of political resistance cannot rely upon the categories of non-violence, visibility, and legality alone. This study has five main arguments. First, a genuine political resistance is collective and occurs in public. It is conducted with the cooperation of similar-minded people out in the open, as long as there is room for politics. Therefore, it is not hidden like everyday …

Go to article

The Trends Study : Examining The Relationship Between Executive Function, Temperament, Quality Of Life, And Bmi In Young Adults, Renata Vaysman Jan 2015

The Trends Study : Examining The Relationship Between Executive Function, Temperament, Quality Of Life, And Bmi In Young Adults, Renata Vaysman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study examined the relationship between executive function (EF) abilities, quality of life (QoL),temperamental qualities (EC: effortful control and NA: negative affect), and Body Mass Index (BMI) in a sample of young adults. Previous studies indicated that deficits in various domains of EF are associated with higher BMI and lower QoL. This study did not find statistically significant differences in EF skills based on BMI. Additionally, in this sample, there were no significant relationships between BMI and QoL. However, interesting relationships emerged between EF skills and NA, as well as EF skills and physical QoL. Furthermore, there is some evidence …

Go to article

Essays On Income Inequality, Minority Health And Healthcare Spending, Rui Cheng Jan 2015

Essays On Income Inequality, Minority Health And Healthcare Spending, Rui Cheng

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This set of essays addresses issues related to income inequality, public healthcare supply and population health. Income inequality has been found to affect health in a number of studies. Using data from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a telephone survey of adults in the United States, the first chapter of my dissertation studies the effect of state level and county level income inequality on health status and the pathway via public health spending. By using multiple imputation method applied to BRFSS income data, it derives synthetic Gini coefficient at state level and county level for each year from 2000 …

Go to article

The "Missing" Electorate : Examining The Political Participation Of Individuals With Disabilities And Exploring The Role Of Family And Supports In American Elections, Jessica L. Aubin Jan 2015

The "Missing" Electorate : Examining The Political Participation Of Individuals With Disabilities And Exploring The Role Of Family And Supports In American Elections, Jessica L. Aubin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The United States has passed several laws to help encourage the political participation of people with disabilities, yet data indicates that even with the passage of these initiatives a stark voter gap between those with and without disabilities persists. This project seeks to examine the participation of people with disabilities with the hopes of creating a better understanding of when, how, and why they participate or do not participate in American politics. Applying a common framework from the participation literature this research considers how factors like resources, psychology, and recruitment, as well as others, help to illuminate the story of …

Go to article

The Fiscalization Of Social Policy : Tax Expenditures And The Cultural Legacies Of Public Policies, Joshua Thomas Mccabe Jan 2015

The Fiscalization Of Social Policy : Tax Expenditures And The Cultural Legacies Of Public Policies, Joshua Thomas Mccabe

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation examines the politics behind the increasing use of tax expenditures as tools for social policy in the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom. Tax expenditures, particularly in-work and child tax credits, have grown into major components of social policy across a number of countries since the 1970s. While some scholars have noted this increasing "fiscalization" of social policy, our current theories of welfare states struggle to explain this expansion across all three countries in an era of "permanent austerity" as well as variation in the distribution of these tax credits between the U.S. on one hand and Canada …

Go to article

Between Nations And The World : Negotiating Legal And Social Citizenship In The Migration Process : The Case Of Colombian And Puerto Rican Computer Engineers In The American Northeast, Lina Rincon Jan 2015

Between Nations And The World : Negotiating Legal And Social Citizenship In The Migration Process : The Case Of Colombian And Puerto Rican Computer Engineers In The American Northeast, Lina Rincon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation research examines the negotiations Latino professional migrants engage in to navigate the interplay between the provisions of legal and social citizenship through the migration process. In this work, legal citizenship refers to the rights given to individuals that result from their formal membership to a nation. Social citizenship refers to the real ability individuals have to enjoy those rights and experience full social inclusion in a political community.

Go to article

Hemispheric Specialization For Emotion Within First And Second Languages : Emotion Word Processing In Monolingual And Bilingual Speakers, Jennifer Mary Martin Jan 2015

Hemispheric Specialization For Emotion Within First And Second Languages : Emotion Word Processing In Monolingual And Bilingual Speakers, Jennifer Mary Martin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Emotion representation in monolingual speakers is complex, and for bilinguals the relationship between emotion and language can be even more intriguing. The present study examined reactions to words of six types, including positive, negative, and neutral words varying in concreteness. Words and nonwords were intermixed in a lexical decision task using hemifield presentation. In Experiment 1, participants were English monolinguals and all stimuli were presented in English. In Experiment 2, participants were Spanish-English bilinguals who were presented with both English and Spanish stimuli. Results revealed a general left hemisphere advantage. Overall, reaction times for positive words were faster than for …

Go to article

Ownership, Public Policy, And Market Conditions : Their Effect On The Provision Of Support Services In Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment, Young Ah You Jan 2015

Ownership, Public Policy, And Market Conditions : Their Effect On The Provision Of Support Services In Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment, Young Ah You

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study examines in two ways the provision of support services in outpatient substance abuse treatment (OSAT): (1) the extent to which ownership makes a difference; (2) how public policy and market conditions influence the ownership effect. Two types of support services are investigated: free treatment provision and the total number of ancillary services helping underserved populations recover from drug and alcohol abuse.

Go to article

Government-Nonprofit Relationships And The Management Process Of Social Welfare Service Contracting In Korea, Ji Sun Kang Jan 2015

Government-Nonprofit Relationships And The Management Process Of Social Welfare Service Contracting In Korea, Ji Sun Kang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation is an exploratory analysis of a government policy tool− contracting out social welfare services with nonprofit organizations− that aims to identify how contracting relationships between public and nonprofit managers influence the contract management process. The theoretical framework draws on the government-nonprofit relationship literature, especially studies that rely on resource dependence theory and agency theory. Using data gathered from interviews conducted with public officials in district governments and workers in social welfare centers in Korea, this dissertation examines the contract management process, particularly negotiation, monitoring, and evaluation through five critical dimensions of the contracting relationship: power, resources, communication, information …

Go to article

Hedge Fund Market Timing Skills, Liquidity, Flows And Performance, Xin Li Jan 2015

Hedge Fund Market Timing Skills, Liquidity, Flows And Performance, Xin Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The doctoral dissertation consists of three essays on the topics of hedge fund capital flows, liquidity and market timing skills.

Go to article

The Effect Of Caring For Grandchildren On Older Adults' Well-Being : Caregiving Grandparents Vs. Non-Caregivers In South Korea, Jwakyum Kim Jan 2015

The Effect Of Caring For Grandchildren On Older Adults' Well-Being : Caregiving Grandparents Vs. Non-Caregivers In South Korea, Jwakyum Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to provide theoretical explanations of the relationship of caregiving and older adults’ health (i.e., a life course perspective and Andersen’s Behavioral Model). Specifically, this study examines the effect of caring for grandchildren on older adults’ well-being in South Korea.

Go to article

Performance Management, Evaluation Capacity, And Organizational Learning : A Study Of Nonprofit Organizations, Shahid Umar Jan 2015

Performance Management, Evaluation Capacity, And Organizational Learning : A Study Of Nonprofit Organizations, Shahid Umar

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Most evaluation capacity building (ECB) approaches use staff training as the method to build evaluation capacity (EC) in organizations. ECB has rarely been understood and empirically studied at the organizational level. The present study fills this gap by using an organizational learning perspective. Specifically, the study was a response to the following research question: do organizations with high EC differ from organizations with low EC in terms of OLC? OLC was measured using five measures of organizational learning: staff empowerment, staff development, external alignment, experimentation, and clear organizational goals. Data were collected from 26 nonprofit organizations (NPOs) located in the …

Go to article

Attitudes Toward Mental Illness And Mental Health In The Literature Classroom, Melissa B. Guadron Jan 2015

Attitudes Toward Mental Illness And Mental Health In The Literature Classroom, Melissa B. Guadron

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this study was to observe undergraduate students’ attitudes toward mental illness and mental health in the literature classroom. This was an observational, inductive study of Jeffrey Berman’s literature course, featuring books written by Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald. This setting was chosen because of Berman’s unique pedagogy, which encourages self-disclosure and psychoanalytic readings. Three questionnaires and three introspective reader response diaries were collected from fifteen participants; text analyses were performed on diaries. Research inquiries questioned a participant’s interactions with the books: How did participants respond to the portrayals of characters with mental illness or mental health …

Go to article

An Examination Of Subtypes Of Inclusive Depressive Symptoms Across Female And Male Low-Income Latino And Black Adolescents, Stephanie M. Ernestus Jan 2015

An Examination Of Subtypes Of Inclusive Depressive Symptoms Across Female And Male Low-Income Latino And Black Adolescents, Stephanie M. Ernestus

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The current study examined the developmental patterns of nine depression symptoms (including traditional, masculine, and somatic symptoms of depression) in a sample of low-income, urban African American and Hispanic youth at early (10-12) and late (16-19) adolescence, and examined differences between males and females depressive profiles at each stage. Additionally, this study identified predictors of latent class membership (ethnic group and stress) at each time point. For this secondary analysis of data, a total of 610 early adolescents were selected from the Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three-City Study (Cherlin, 1999; Cherlin et al., 2001), which reduced to 453 late …

Go to article

Investigation Of School Professionals' Self-Efficacy For Working With Students With Asd : Impact Of Prior Experience, Knowledge, And Training, Laura Corona Jan 2015

Investigation Of School Professionals' Self-Efficacy For Working With Students With Asd : Impact Of Prior Experience, Knowledge, And Training, Laura Corona

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

School professionals who work with students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) play a significant role in the academic experiences of these students (Ruble & McGrew, 2013). Unfortunately, some evidence suggests that teachers of students with ASD experience a high risk of burnout (Coman et al., 2013), due in part to the multiple challenges associated with teaching students with ASD (Iovannone, Dunlap, Huber, & Kincaid, 2003). Research has begun to examine factors that ameliorate or prevent teacher burnout, including teacher self-efficacy, or teachers’ beliefs regarding their abilities to bring about positive outcomes for their students (Ruble, Usher, & McGrew, 2011). The …

Go to article

Examining The Craniofacial Biomechanics Of Paranthropus Boisei, Amanda L. Smith Jan 2015

Examining The Craniofacial Biomechanics Of Paranthropus Boisei, Amanda L. Smith

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

An engineering method, finite element analysis (FEA), was used to examine the craniofacial biomechanics of Paranthropus boisei. The craniofacial morphology of Paranthropus boisei exhibits a number of highly derived characteristics that have commonly been thought to be related to feeding. This series of studies includes an ex vivo strain gage study (validation of techniques), an assessment of the effects of intraspecific craniofacial shape variation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and an examination of the feeding biomechanics of Paranthropus boisei. Modeling experiments were also conducted to test mechanical hypotheses regarding the effects of specific derived craniofacial features on Paranthropus feeding function.

Go to article

The Biomechanical And Behavioral Significance Of The Neanderthal Femur, Kelli Hamm Tamvada Jan 2015

The Biomechanical And Behavioral Significance Of The Neanderthal Femur, Kelli Hamm Tamvada

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) femur is distinct from that of recent modern humans (Homo sapiens). Broadly speaking, the Neanderthal femur is more "robust", meaning that it appears to be biomechanically stronger, and it is more curved, which may enhance the predictability of the stresses and strains experienced by the bone. It has been hypothesized that the Neanderthal morphology is an adaptation to withstand elevated and repetitive loads associated with increased mobility. This study tests the mobility hypothesis using comparative and biomechanical methods. Specifically, this study sought to test the mobility hypothesis by a) determining whether or not a relationship exists …

Go to article

Three Essays In Program Evaluation, Jungtaek Lee Jan 2015

Three Essays In Program Evaluation, Jungtaek Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

I evaluate a wider range of public policies with program evaluation methods, difference-in-difference regression method and regression discontinuity design. The first chapter considers the causal relationship between the expansion on dependent coverage of the Affordable Care Act and risky behaviors including smoking and drinking. I also examine the effect of coverage on preventive care and health care utilization. To overcome the endogeneity problem, I exploit a regression discontinuity design to estimate the causal effect of losing health insurance. I find that young adults those who turned 26 are 8 to 10 percent more likely to lose health insurance than young …

Go to article

An Empirical Examination Of The Causal Reasoning Perspective Of Counterproductive Work Behavior, Choe Shannon Jan 2015

An Empirical Examination Of The Causal Reasoning Perspective Of Counterproductive Work Behavior, Choe Shannon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study used the causal reasoning perspective of counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) developed by Martinko, Gundlach and Douglas (2002) to evaluate the role of narcissism and low self-esteem in relation to interpersonal injustice. Narcissism and low self-esteem were proposed to relate to distinct attributional and emotional reactions following interpersonal injustice, stemming from different approach-avoidance motivational tendencies. These different tendencies, in turn, were proposed to relate to certain forms of CWB, as categorized within an approach-avoidance framework. Path analyses revealed that neither narcissism nor low self-esteem significantly related to CWB and that CWB could not be reliably categorized within an approach-avoidance …

Go to article

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program And Home Food Availability : The Role Of Depression And Household Characteristics, Marta D. Hernandez Jan 2015

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program And Home Food Availability : The Role Of Depression And Household Characteristics, Marta D. Hernandez

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Although about 47 million low-income people participated in the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) program at the end of 2012, the effect of SNAP participation on some nutrition related outcomes is controversial or unknown. Particularly, the effect of SNAP on food availability at-home has not been examined despite its association with food consumption. In addition, little is known about individual and social factors influencing this relationship. This study examined the effects of the interaction between SNAP participation and depression and the effects of the interaction between SNAP participation and the presence of children under 17 years of age on food …

Go to article

Does Self-Care Moderate The Relation Of Stress To Quality Of Life Of Female Doctoral Students In Professional Psychology?, Erin Elizabeth Ayala Jan 2015

Does Self-Care Moderate The Relation Of Stress To Quality Of Life Of Female Doctoral Students In Professional Psychology?, Erin Elizabeth Ayala

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Increasing numbers of women are pursuing doctoral degrees in psychology, and the stress of being a female doctoral student can create a risk for aversive consequences (e.g., ineffective clinical work, impaired competence). Psychologists lack an understanding of the extent to which women can protect themselves from undue stress in professional psychology programs by engaging in self-care. The lack of a comprehensive framework for this phenomenon calls for the need to apply and test the Health Promotion Model to the experience of women in professional psychology programs. The current investigation assessed the extent to which self-care activities would moderate the negative …

Go to article

Three Essays On Risks In The Middle-Aged And Elderly In Japan, Daisuke Moriwaki Jan 2015

Three Essays On Risks In The Middle-Aged And Elderly In Japan, Daisuke Moriwaki

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation consists of three essays on the risks facing the middle-aged and elderly in Japan.

Go to article

Ill Living : Hemingway's Writing And My Father's Death, Jennifer R. Morrill Jan 2015

Ill Living : Hemingway's Writing And My Father's Death, Jennifer R. Morrill

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

Go to article

Racial Conflict And Bias Crimes Across Us Cities : An Analysis Of The Social Threat Perspective, Suzanne M. Strong Jan 2015

Racial Conflict And Bias Crimes Across Us Cities : An Analysis Of The Social Threat Perspective, Suzanne M. Strong

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This research examines racially biased crimes across US cities, utilizing social threat and a general criminality perspective based on social disorganization and strain theories. Racially biased crime is compared to violent crime in general and to unbiased racially disaggregated homicide to further examine the effects of social threat and general crime variables on different forms of violent crime. Data is compiled mainly from the 1990 and 2000 US Censuses, the 1996-2000 Uniform Crime Reports and the 1996-2000 Supplemental Homicide Reports. The research shows bias crimes cannot be explained utilizing general crime predictors. In particular, anti-Black violent bias crimes committed by …

Go to article

Work And School Experiences Of Employed Students, So Jung Kim Jan 2015

Work And School Experiences Of Employed Students, So Jung Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Based on role theory (Katz & Kahn, 1978) and conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989), work-school domain conflicts – both work-school conflict (WSC) and school-work conflict (SWC) – among employed students were studied. Job supervisor and instructor interactional justice and various role demands (i.e., surface acting and academic demands) were examined as antecedents of work-school domain conflicts, whereas GPA and task performance were examined as consequences. Participants were 109 college students who were working at least 10 hours per week. The results suggest that only academic demands were an antecedent of SWC and task performance was the only consequence of …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last