Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Slavery In The United States: Persons Or Property?, Paul Finkelman

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Social Interaction At The Maya Site Of Copan, Honduras: A Least Cost Approach To Configurational Analysis, Heather Richards-Rissetto

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

In this article, I employ least cost paths using GIS to measure the relationship between site configuration and social connectivity at the ancient Maya site of Copan, Honduras. I investigate two questions. First, did people of different social classes experience varying degrees of social connectivity? Second, did people living in different parts of the city experience difference degrees of social connectivity? Ultimately, the goal is modify traditional configurational analysis using least cost analysis (LCA) to identify how social hierarchy was embedded in landscapes and how ancient people may have strategically manipulated landscapes to structure social interaction and community organization.

Multicultural Shared Leadership: A Conceptual Model Of Shared Leadership In Culturally Diverse Teams, Alex J Ramthun, Gina S. Matkin

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Faculty Publications

This conceptual article reviews relevant literature to develop propositions forming a model of multicultural shared leadership. First, an examination of the definitions of culture finds consensus on culture as a system. Second, a review of the developmental model of intercultural sensitivity introduces the concept of intercultural competence. Third, an exploration into the theoretical foundations of vertical and shared leadership develops primary themes. Finally, the formation of propositions and a conceptual model invites researchers to study the moderating impact of intercultural competence on culturally diverse teams and shared leadership. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and recommendations are discussed.

Physical Restraints In Residential Facilities: Staff Members’ Perspectives, Mary Beth Ledoux

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The use of physical restraints among children and adolescents in residential facilities is a controversial and emotional topic, especially since children are four times more likely than adults to be restrained in a residential setting. In this study, staff members who have restrained children and adolescents in a residential facility completed a 20-question online survey. The intent of the study was to get a clearer picture of residential workers’ thoughts, feelings, and perceptions toward restraints as well as their views on how effective they deem their restraint training to be. The information gathered from their answers can be helpful for …

Digital Evidence Education In Schools Of Law, Aaron Alva, Barbara Endicott-Popovsky

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

An examination of State of Connecticut v. Julie Amero provides insight into how a general lack of understanding of digital evidence can cause an innocent defendant to be wrongfully convicted. By contrast, the 101-page opinion in Lorraine v. Markel American Insurance Co. provides legal precedence and a detailed consideration for the admission of digital evidence. An analysis of both cases leads the authors to recommend additions to Law School curricula designed to raise the awareness of the legal community to ensure such travesties of justice, as in the Amero case, don’t occur in the future. Work underway at the University …

Macroeconomic Fluctuations And Poverty, Philip N. Jefferson, K. Kim

Economics Faculty Works

This article examines the dynamic relationship between macroeconomic performance and measures of poverty in the United States. The article is organized as follows. Section 2 presents insights on the relationship between poverty and macroeconomic performance that emerge from the literature. The emphasis is on empirical studies from 1986 to 2011. Section 3 provides a snapshot of the change in poverty over National Bureau of Economic Research-dated recessions for a variety of poverty measures. Section 4 uses vector autoregressions (VARs) to characterize the response of poverty to innovations in various social indicators and measures of macroeconomic performance. Section 5 expands the …

A New Statistic: The Us Census Bureau’S Supplemental Poverty Measure, Philip N. Jefferson

Economics Faculty Works

This article examines the dynamic relationship between macroeconomic performance and measures of poverty in the United States. The article is organized as follows. Section 2 presents insights on the relationship between poverty and macroeconomic performance that emerge from the literature. The emphasis is on empirical studies from 1986 to 2011. Section 3 provides a snapshot of the change in poverty over National Bureau of Economic Research-dated recessions for a variety of poverty measures. Section 4 uses vector autoregressions (VARs) to characterize the response of poverty to innovations in various social indicators and measures of macroeconomic performance. Section 5 expands the …

Informal Trading Networks In West Africa: The Mourides Of Senegal/The Gambia And The Yoruba Of Benin/Nigeria, Stephen S. Golub, Jamie Hansen-Lewis , '12

Economics Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

The Oxford Handbook Of The Economics Of Poverty, Philip N. Jefferson

Economics Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Determinants Of The Size Of The Nonprofit Sector, Frederic L. Pryor

Economics Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Payday Lending: New Research And The Big Question, John P. Caskey

Economics Faculty Works

Payday lending is controversial. In the states that allow it, payday lenders make cash loans that are typically for $500 or less, and the borrower must repay or renew the loan on his or her next payday. The finance charge for the loan is usually 15 to 20 percent of the amount advanced, so for a typical two-week loan the annual percentage interest rate is about 400 percent. This article describes the payday-lending business and explains why it presents challenging public-policy issues. It surveys recent research that attempts to answer the “big question,” one that is fundamental to the public-policy …

Hannah Arendt And The Meaning Of Political Action, Charlie Hartford

Honors Papers

In the first section, I begin with an account of action within the context of the vita activa as laid out by Arendt in The Human Condition. I then proceed to identify some of the more perplexing features of her account, and suggest that they are confounding enough to throw the coherency of what Arendt is saying into question. Taking my cue from Hanna Pitkin, I then argue that we can understand action as activity informed by thinking, by drawing upon Arendt's posthumously published work The Life of the Mind. This account, however, though illuminating with regard to some aspects …

Evangelical Protestants And Political Trust, Fei-Ran Lee

Honors Papers

Evangelicals in the U.S. tend to support candidates who advocate for a minimal government and significant downsizing, if not elimination, of the welfare state. This phenomenon may be the result of certain components in an Evangelical worldview. Though evangelicals in the U.S. may have higher interpersonal trust, they distrust the government more than non-evangelicals. This research will explore political theories that discuss the political functions of Protestantism and apply such analyses to contemporary American evangelicals. National Election Survey 2004 will empirically qualify some claims in my theoretical discussion.

"Twitter Diplomacy": Engagement Through Social Media In 21st Century Statecraft, Owen Henry

Honors Papers

In the Quadrennial Diplomacy & Development Review (QDDR) issued by the U.S. State Department in 2010, there is a stated commitment to expanding interaction with foreign populations. Through statements made by other officials in various venues, it is clear that social media is seen as having a part in this aim. But how effectively are officials now using social media to connect? Are they managing to achieve "two-way dialogue" or are they underutilizing the medium? This paper attempts to start to answer and analyze this question through a review of the existing literature and theories as well as original research …

Rustbelt Theater: Children's Environmental Justice Narratives From South Elyria, Oh, Lissette Lorenz

Honors Papers

Children's knowledge of their eco-social environment is rarely privileged in environmental literature. Their voices help to broaden conceptions of environmental justice, to the benefit of both the environmental justice movement and the emerging discipline of environmental studies. In this community-based research project conducted in partnership with Save Our Children, an afterschool/summer enrichment center, in South Elyria, Ohio, third and fourth grade children utilized Theater of the Oppressed techniques to create an environmental justice narrative in the form of an original play. The goal of Theater of the Oppressed is for participants to dramatically analyze real-life oppressions/obstacles/challenges they face and act …

Virtuous Empire: The Jeffersonian Vision For America, Gavin Palmer

Honors Papers

In structuring this paper I will first consider the argument that Jefferson was an anti-government thinker, and in the same chapter I will show how Jefferson’s embrace of expansive federal authority as president renders this interpretation untenable. In the next section I will present an alternative interpretation of Jefferson’s political thought. In my view, Jefferson was not an enemy to the government, but to its use for corrupt ends that benefitted elites at the expense of the public. This interpretation is consistent with Jefferson’s actions in the three major periods of his political career.

In section 4 I will explain …

An Analysis Of Ohio's Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard, Joshua A. Laufer

Honors Papers

I performed quantitative analyses and qualitative interpretation of energy policy data, energy production and consumption data, and political data. I collected data on state Renewable Portfolio Standards from the Database for State Incentives for Renewable Energy (DSIRE), energy production and consumption data for the 50 states and Washington D.C. from the Energy Information Agency (EIA), and 1992 presidential election data from the internet. I identify relationships that exist between these different types of variables, and where Ohio fits in the national context of existing energy patterns and policies. There are several conclusions found in the literature that are independently tested …

One Nation, Many Borders: Language And Identity In Mayan Guatemala And Mexico, Anna Caroline Peckham

Honors Papers

This paper explores language ideologies, code choice, and ethnolinguistic identity in Maya-dominated areas of Mexico and Guatemala. As the Maya, or Pan-Maya, Movement has grown in scope and force since the 1980s, particularly in Guatemala, possessing a "Maya" identity has become defined in new ways. Since Mayan languages are still spoken with a strong degree of vitality in Mexico's Yucatan peninsula and the western highlands of Guatemala, examining Maya identity through beliefs about, and use of, indigenous languages and Spanish is a particularly useful focus. In comparing Maya peoples' beliefs and identities in each of these regions, this paper argues …

Education, Citizenship, Political Participation: Defining Variables For Post-Conflict Reconstruction In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sonia Roubini

Honors Papers

This paper examines the flawed reconstruction process undergone by Bosnia-Herzegovina after the Bosnian War. This paper posits that particular variables (education, citizenship, and political participation) were overlooked in this process - variables that could have led to a better outcome for Bosnia-Herzegovina.

The Effects Of Formal Group And Extracurricular Involvement On College Students’ Self-Esteem, Ramona Catherine Negroponte

Honors Papers

The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of college students' engagement in formal group activities on self-esteem levels. Youth and adolescent extracurricular involvement was also taken into account to help determine influence on college participation. Hypotheses suggested that group affiliation would positively affect self-esteem and that extracurricularly motivated children would be more likely to join formal activities in college. A sample of 149 Oberlin College students completed a survey that included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and nine of these subjects were selected for in-depth interviews. Both quantitative and qualitative data results indicated that formal group members’ self-esteem …

The Spatial Properties Of Music Perception: Differences In Visuo-Spatial Performance According To Musicianship And Interference Of Musical Structure, Christa Theresa Vassillière

Honors Papers

Spatial cognition has been implicated in the perception and production of music within both behavioral and neurological experimental paradigms. Using performance on mental rotation of a three-dimensional object, the present study examined the visuo-spatial abilities of conservatory and non-conservatory students. Participants performed the rotation task under no distraction followed by performance with an interference task, which consisted of detecting either tempo or pitch changes. Conservatory students performed better on the mental rotation task both with and without interference. Musical structure (Western classical versus Indian classical) and musical aspect (tempo changes and pitch changes) influenced how much interference was produced in …

We Are Not These Bodies: Identity And Transcendence Among American Devotees Of Krishna, Rachel Lynn Williams

Honors Papers

This paper discusses the ways in which American devotees of Krishna understand their identities. Some second-generation Asian Americans have criticized American Krishna devotees of cultural appropriation, but devotees defend themselves against this claim with a philosophy of bodily transcendence. Many devotees practice transcendence through a rejection of nationalism and sectarianism. The paper also considers vegetarianism and ISKCON's attitude toward animals.

Fp-12-15 Demographic Profile Of Same-Sex Parents, Sarah Burgoyne

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.

Delinquents After Exile: A Review Of Aftercare Programs, Jeremy Olson, Daniel R. Lee

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

No abstract provided.

Constant Enough: On The Kinds Of Perceptual Constancy Worth Having, Frank H. Durgin, Anna Jane Ruff , '09, Robert Calverley Russell , '08

Psychology Faculty Works

This chapter argues that whereas perceptual experience is underconstant in one sense, it is virtually constant insofar as it is functionally stable and predictable. The possibility of distinguishing perception and cognition is explored in experiments on the perception of surface orientation. These experiments are related to the study of self-motion perception and space perception. An experiment comparing monocular and binocular perception of hills revealed perceptual differences, between-subjects, that were masked in within-subject comparisons by metacognitive strategies. A second experiment found that participants wearing heavy backpacks gave (cognitively) elevated slope estimates only because of experimental demands not physical ones. Perceptual experience …

Therapeutic Communication From A Constructionist Standpoint, Kenneth J. Gergen, M. M. Gergen

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Distinguishing Speed From Accuracy In Scalar Implicatures, L. Bott, T. M. Bailey, Daniel J. Grodner

Psychology Faculty Works

Scalar implicatures are inferences that arise when a weak expression is used instead of a stronger alternative. For example, when a speaker says, “Some of the children are in the classroom,” she often implies that not all of them are. Recent processing studies of scalar implicatures have argued that generating an implicature carries a cost. In this study we investigated this cost using a sentence verification task similar to that of Bott and Noveck (2004) combined with a response deadline procedure to estimate speed and accuracy independently. Experiment 1 compared implicit upper-bound interpretations (some [but not all]) with lower-bound interpretations …

Expert Performance By Athletes In The Verbal Estimation Of Spatial Extents Does Not Alter Their Perceptual Metric Of Space, Frank H. Durgin, Keenan R. Leonard-Solis , '12, Owen T. Masters , '12, Brittany P. Schmelz , '12, Z. Li

Psychology Faculty Works

Athletes often give more accurate estimates of egocentric distance along the ground than do non-athletes. To explore whether cognitive calibration was accompanied by perceptual change, athletes and non-athletes made verbal height and distance estimates and also did a perceptual matching task between perceived egocentric distances and frontal vertical extents. Both groups were well calibrated for height estimation for poles viewed frontally, but athletes were much better calibrated at estimating longer egocentric distances (which are systematically underestimated by non-athletes). Athletes were more likely to have learned specific units of ground distance from relevant sports contexts. Both groups reported using human height …

A Comparison Of Two Theories Of Perceived Distance On The Ground Plane: The Angular Expansion Hypothesis And The Intrinsic Bias Hypothesis, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin

Psychology Faculty Works

Two theories of distance perception-ie, the angular expansion hypothesis (Durgin and Li, 2011 Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 73 1856-1870) and the intrinsic bias hypothesis (Ooi et al, 2006 Perception 35 605-624)-are compared. Both theories attribute exocentric distance foreshortening to an exaggeration in perceived slant, but their fundamental geometrical assumptions are very different. The intrinsic bias hypothesis assumes a constant bias in perceived geographical slant of the ground plane and predicts both perceived egocentric and exocentric distances are increasingly compressed. In contrast, the angular expansion hypothesis assumes exaggerations in perceived gaze angle and perceived optical slant. Because the bias functions of …

‘Going Through The Mist’: Early Career Transitions Of Chinese Millennial Returnees, Emily T. Porschitz, Chun (Grace) Guo, José Alves

WCBT Faculty Publications

Over the past decade management practitioners have sought to understand the career expectations of the Millennial generation - those born between 1979 and 1994 (Myers and Sadaghiani, 2010) - who are rapidly becoming a dominant force in the global economy. As workers from the Baby Boomer generation move towards retirement, organization leaders are becoming more interested in understanding how to attract and retain millennial employees most effectively (Walmsley, 2007). A large body of research is devoted to uncovering the career expectations of millennial workers, so that practitioners can better understand them. Findings suggest Millennial have high expectations regarding career success …