Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Rubicon Theory Of War: How The Path To Conflict Reaches The Point Of No Return, D. D. P. Johnson, Dominic Tierney

Political Science Faculty Works

A major paradox in international relations is the widespread fear and anxiety that underlies the security dilemma in times of peace and the prevalence of overconfidence or "false optimism" on the eve of war. A new theory of the causes of war—the Rubicon theory of war—can account for this paradox and explain important historical puzzles. The "Rubicon model of action phases," which was developed in experimental psychology, describes a significant shift in people's susceptibility to psychological biases before and after making a decision. Prior to making decisions, people tend to maintain a "deliberative" mind-set, weighing the costs, benefits, and risks …

Innovation In Collaboration: The Summer Institute On Youth Mentoring As A University-Community Partnership, Kevin R. Jones, Thomas E. Keller, Marc E. Wheeler

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

The article explores the utility and flexibility of one of the more comprehensive partnership frameworks by using it to a university-based summer institute designed to foster the exchange of knowledge between practitioners and researchers in the field of youth mentoring. It states that youth mentoring is a well-known and prevalent mode of intervention with youth and children across the U.S. The Summer Institute on Youth Mentoring at Portland State University was developed to provide a new and distinctive educational chance for experienced youth and mentoring experts. Portland State University became known as a pioneer in facilitating collaboration between youth mentoring …

Associations Between Childhood Maltreatment And Young Adult Romantic Relationships: A Focus On Gender Differences, L. Kris Gowen, Celina Kishna

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Two recent studies investigated the associations between experiencing maltreatment in childhood and dating aggression and interpersonal problems in young adult romantic relationships, with a focus on gender differences.

Healthy Relationships, L. Kris Gowen

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

The author's introduction to this issue of Focal Point, focused on healthy relationships. Offers background information and brief synopses of the articles contained in this issue.

Identifying Factors That Increase The Likelihood Of Driving After Drinking Among College Students, Joseph W. Labrie, Shannon R. Kenney, Tehniat Mirza, Andrew Lac

Heads Up!

Driving after drinking (DAD) is a serious public health concern found to be more common among college students than those of other age groups or same-aged non-college peers. The current study examined potential predictors of DAD among a dual-site sample of 3,753 (65% female, 58% Caucasian) college students. Results showed that 19.1% of respondents had driven after 3 or more drinks and 8.6% had driven after 5 or more drinks in the past three months. A logistic regression model showed that male status, fraternity or sorority affiliation, family history of alcohol abuse, medium or heavy drinking (as compared to light …

Parents Know Best, But Are They Accurate? Parental Normative Misperceptions And Their Relationship To Students' Alcohol-Related Outcomes, Joseph W. Labrie, Justin F. Hummer, Phillip J. Ehret, Shannon R. Kenney

Heads Up!

Objective:

Parents often look to other parents for guidance, but how accurate are their perceptions? Expanding on existing normative literature to include parents of college students, this study first sought to determine whether parents accurately estimated the attitudes of other parents concerning their college student's alcohol-related behaviors. The effect of these (mis)perceived injunctive norms on the alcohol-related attitudes and behaviors of the parents' own children was then examined.

Method:

Participants were 270 college student-parent dyadic pairs who completed independent online surveys. The student sample was 59% female; the parent sample was 78% female.

Results:

A structural equation model demonstrated that …

Comparing Injunctive Marijuana Use Norms Of Salient Reference Groups Among College Student Marijuana Users And Nonusers, Joseph W. Labrie, Justin F. Hummer, Andrew Lac

Heads Up!

Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug among college students and has the potential for various negative outcomes. Perceptions of what constitutes typical approval/acceptability of a reference group (i.e. injunctive social norms) have been shown to have strong utility as predictors of health-risk behaviors in the college context, yet this construct remains significantly understudied for marijuana use despite its potential for use in social norms-based interventions. The current research evaluated individuals’ marijuana approval level and their perceptions of others’ marijuana approval level (i.e. injunctive norms) for various reference groups (typical student on campus, one’s close friends, one’s parents) as …

Social Trust In Contemporary Rural China: Its Sources And Impacts On Public Goods Provision, Narisong Huhe

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Social trust, as an essential element of political culture, is assumed to strongly affect the effectiveness of political institution. However, such studies in non-democratic settings are scarce, and even scarcer in the Chinese context. This dissertation, using data drawn from an original survey in rural China, examines the extent, sociopolitical origins, and political consequences of social trust in China. The results suggest that China has a unique pattern of social trust owing to its dual Confucian and Communist heritages. While trusts in relatives, neighbors, kinsman, and other villagers (i.e., particularized trust) are extensive, trust in strangers (generalized trust) is scarce. …

Wrl Newsletter Summer 2011, Maryke Barber

WRL Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Pengantar Redaksi, Fransisca Sse Seda

Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi

No abstract provided.

What Do Indexes Of Consumer Confidence Tell Us?, Marta Lachowska

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Tinjauan Buku: Menerawang Indonesia: Pada Dasawarsa Ketiga Abad Ke-21, Lana Soelistianingsih

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Menerawang Indonesia: pada Dasawarsa Ketiga Abad Ke-12 merupakan judul buku yang ditulis oleh Prof. (Emeritus) Dorodjatun Kuntjoro-Jakti, Ph.D. {Guru Besar Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia, mantan Menteri Koordinator bidang Perekonomian era kepemimpinan Presiden Megawati Soekarnoputri- yang diluncurkan pada Selasa, 10 April 2012 lalu. Buku tersebut merupakan 'hadiah' pemikiran Pak Jatun yang selama ini dikenal sebagai salah satu ekonom Indonesia yang futuristic dengan bauran pemikiran yang multidispilin, tidak hanya melibatkan ekonomi- politik, tetapi juga keamanan dan sosial budaya.

A Survey Of Children's And Young Adult Books In Iran: 2000-2008, Mina Akhbari Azad, Zahra Abazari

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper presents a study of children's and young adult books in Iran from 2000-2008. The books were published for the first time in Iran, in the Persian language.

Relevance Of Ranganathan's Laws Of Library Science In Library Marketing, R. K. Bhatt

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Marketing for libraries has become an important topic in libraries in India. Philip Kotler is credited with creating the philosophy of marketing management. When we study the marketing process and marketing management, we find that many of the tasks in the process have already been advocated by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan, the father of library science in India, in his book Five Laws of Library Science. This study examines how the five laws can be used in marketing LIS products and services.

Automation Of University Libraries: A Comparative Analysis Of Islamabad And Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa, Pakistan, Seed Ullah Jan, Rafia A. Sheikh

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study depicts the status of automation in public sector university libraries of Islamabad and Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa, Pakistan with a comparative analysis. The areas covered in this paper are: available library services and resources, digital library infrastructure, status of library automation in university libraries of Islamabad and Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa and means and ways for their improvement.

The Life And Death Of Urls: The Case Of Journal Of The Medical Library Association, Alireza Isfandyari-Moghaddam, Mohammad-Karim Saberi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This research aims to examine URL decay of articles published in Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA). To do this, at first, we extracted all issues of JMLA from 2002 to 2008 and calculated number of all Web citations (URLs). Afterwards, we checked decay or availability of individual cited URLs. Results of these tests were then compiled and analyzed to examine reasons for failure as well as to obtain the half-life value of Web citations in JMLA. The study revealed that 76% of articles have Web citations and each article on average uses 5 URLs. From 1049 cited URLs, …

Providing Access To Knowledge In Africa: The Need For Capacity Building In Classification, Indexing, And Abstracting Skills, Nwabuisi T. Imo, Uche H. Igbo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The realities of the present era of globalization and information and communication technologies (ICT) culminating to the African Virtual Library and information Network (AVLIN) have made it expedient that African information professionals should be able to develop, showcase and make accessible African indigenous information to the knowledge world. This literature- based opinion paper has tried to identify with the view of the conference organizers that “Major digital initiatives involving African content are currently being undertaken by non-African organizatiosn without widely accepted protocols and agreement” and therefore, argues that there is a serious need for a theoretical and policy framework necessary …

Physical Facilities As Determinants Of Undergraduate Students' Use Of Federal University Libraries In Nigeria, Georgina Uchey Oyedum

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Adequate physical facilities such as furniture and lighting systems are essential for any meaningful academic work to be achieved in a university library. This paper assesses the adequacy and level of physical facilities in federal university libraries in Nigeria to determine the extent to which they affect undergraduate students' use of the university libraries. The study population was 1,453 undergraduates from across Arts, Education, Engineeing, Law, Science, and Social Science faculties in the selected universities and the survey research method was used for the study. The main instrument used for the data collection was a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as …

Infertility Treatment And Fertility-Specific Distress: A Longitudinal Analysis Of A Population-Based Sample Of U.S. Women, Arthur L. Greil, Julia Mcquillan, Michele Lowry, Karina M. Shreffler

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Because research on infertile women usually uses clinic-based samples of treatment seekers, it is difficult to sort out to what extent distress is the result of the condition of infertility itself and to what extent it is a consequence of the experience of infertility treatment. We use the National Survey of Fertility Barriers, a two-wave national probability sample of U.S. women, to disentangle the effects of infertility and infertility treatment on fertilityspecific distress. Using a series of ANOVAs, we examine 266 infertile women who experienced infertility both at Wave 1 and at Wave 2, three years later. We compare eight …

The Principle Of Fairness And States’ Duty To Obey International Law, David Lefkowitz

Philosophy Faculty Publications

Philosophers and political theorists have developed a number of different justifications for the duty to obey domestic law. The possibility of using one (or more) of these justifications to demonstrate that states have a duty to obey international law seems a natural starting point for an analysis of international political obligation. Amongst the accounts of the duty to obey domestic law, one that appears to have a great deal of intuitive appeal, and that has attracted a significant number of philosophical defenders, is the principle of fairness (or fair play). In this paper, I examine the possibility of using the …

Satisfied Customers Are Not Good Enough, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel

Cornhusker Economics

There used to be a time when all a business wanted were satisfied customers. Having satisfied customers was seen as the pinnacle of success. But today it appears that is not the case.

With everyone wanting to take their business to “the next level,” it is no surprise that businesses, especially in the service and sales area, are looking for new ways to take their satisfied customers and transform them into passionate advocates.

Use Of And Satisfaction With Home Broadband Service By Business Ownership, Rebecca J. Vogt, Charlotte Narjes, Connie Hancock

Cornhusker Economics

Technology is critical for businesses to remain competitive in this knowledge-based economy. Many businesses are home-based, making it necessary to have adequate Internet service at home. So how are business owners and farmers/ranchers currently using technology in their homes? Is their home Internet service meeting their needs?

The Nebraska Public Service Commission was awarded a grant from the Department of Commerce's National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) to conduct a study of broadband use and needs in Nebraska. The University of Nebraska- Lincoln conducted the survey for the Commission. In addition, the Nebraska Information Technology Commission (NITC) Community Council and …

Media Landscape In Twitter: A World Of New Conventions And Political Diversity, Jisun An, Meeyoung Cha, Krishna Gummadi, Jon Crowcroft

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We present a preliminary but groundbreaking study of the media landscape of Twitter. We use public data on whom follows who to uncover common behaviour in media consumption, the relationship between various classes of media, and the diversity of media content which social links may bring. Our analysis shows that there is a non-negligible amount of indirect media exposure, either through friends who follow particular media sources, or via retweeted messages. We show that the indirect media exposure expands the political diversity of news to which users are exposed to a surprising extent, increasing the range by between 60-98%. These …

Collaborative Ideas For A School Library, Cynthia Mae Helms

Faculty Publications

"Librarians have always promoted knowledge access, a role that is even more significant today, with the amount of information bombarding students on a daily basis. Granting librarians information “leader-acy” positions and collaborative roles in teaching, learning, curriculum planning, and program ad-ministration fits well with the established guidelines by the Association of School Librarians, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, and the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.Students’ educational development will be enhanced when principals, teachers, and librarians collaborate in learning, teaching, and implementing critical-thinking skills."

Mixture Latent Markov Modeling: Identifying And Predicting Unobserved Heterogeneity In Longitudinal Qualitative Status Change, Mo Wang, David Chan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

There are many areas of organizational research where we may be concerned with subgroup differences in status change profiles. The purpose of this article is to illustrate, using a real data set on retirees' postretirement employment statuses (PES), how mixture latent Markov modeling may be applied to substantive research in organizational settings to identify population subgroups with varying status change profiles and examine their correlates, by modeling unobserved heterogeneity in longitudinal qualitative changes. Steps in the modeling process are highlighted and limitations, cautions, recommendations, and extensions of the technique are discussed.

The Incompatibility Of Materialism And The Desire For Children: Psychological Insights Into The Fertility Discrepancy Among Modern Countries, Norman P. Li, Lily Patel, Daniel Balliet, William Tov, Christie N. Scollon

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

We examined factors related to attitudes toward marriage and the importance of having children in both the US and Singapore. Path analysis indicated that life dissatisfaction leads to materialism, and both of these factors lead to favorable attitudes toward marriage, which leads to greater desire for children. Further analysis indicated this model"We examined factors related to attitudes toward marriage and the importance of having children in both the US and Singapore. Path analysis indicated that life dissatisfaction leads to materialism, and both of these factors lead to favorable attitudes toward marriage, which leads to greater desire for children. Further analysis …

Early Childhood Bilingualism Leads To Advances In Executive Attention: Dissociating Culture And Language, Sujin Yang, Hwajin Yang, Barbara Lust

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This study investigated whether early especially efficient utilization of executive functioning in young bilinguals would transcend potential cultural benefits. To dissociate potential cultural effects from bilingualism, four-year-old U.S. Korean-English bilingual children were compared to three monolingual groups – English and Korean monolinguals in the U.S.A. and another Korean monolingual group, in Korea. Overall, bilinguals were most accurate and fastest among all groups. The bilingual advantage was stronger than that of culture in the speed of attention processing, inverse processing efficiency independent of possible speed-accuracy trade-offs, and the network of executive control for conflict resolution. A culture advantage favoring Korean monolinguals …

Outcomes Assessment Of Role-Play Scenarios For Teaching Responsible Conduct Of Research, Stephanie N. Seiler, Bradley J. Brummel, Kerri L. Anderson, Kyoung Jin Kim, Serena G. Wee, C. K. Gunsalus, Michael C. Loui

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

We describe the summative assessment of role-play scenarios that we previously developed to teach central topics in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) to graduate students in science and engineering. Interviews with role-play participants, with participants in a case discussion training session, and with untrained students suggested that role-playing might promote a deeper appreciation of RCR by shifting the focus away from wanting to simply “know the rules.“ We also present the results of a think-aloud case analysis study and describe the development of a behaviorally-anchored rating scale (BARS) to assess participants' case analysis performance.

Reward, Punishment, And Cooperation: A Meta-Analysis, Daniel Balliet, Laetitia B. Mulder, Paul A. M. Van Lange

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

How effective are rewards (for cooperation) and punishment (for noncooperation) as tools to promote cooperation in social dilemmas or situations when immediate self-interest and longer term collective interest conflict? What variables can promote the impact of these incentives? Although such questions have been examined, social and behavioral scientists provide different answers. To date, there is no theoretical and/or quantitative review of rewards and punishments as incentives for cooperation in social dilemmas. Using a novel interdependence-theoretic framework, we propose that rewards and punishments should both promote cooperation, and we identify 2 variables-cost of incentives and source of incentives-that are predicted to …

Multiparty Democracies And Rapid Economic Growth: A Twenty-First Century Breakthrough?, Devin K. Joshi

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This essay examines whether developing countries with competitive multiparty democracies may be just as capable of sustaining rapid economic growth as single-party states. It begins with a literature review identifying political stability and the ability to mobilize labor and capital production inputs as key factors behind sustained rapid growth. It then develops the hypothesis that under certain conditions, multiparty democracies may be strong in these dimensions, but ceteris paribus, single-party states are likely to have an advantage. I test this hypothesis by exploring historical trends in rapid growth over the last five decades. Statistical regression analysis confirms that most sustained …