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2011

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Articles 3181 - 3210 of 13782

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Shamanic Knowledge: The Challenge To Information Science, Jay H. Bernstein Sep 2011

Shamanic Knowledge: The Challenge To Information Science, Jay H. Bernstein

Publications and Research

Shamanism, a form of healing involving soul travel and trance found in many traditional societies the world over, has been studied by anthropologists and scholars of religious studies. Shamanic traditions are characterized by specialized, restricted, and esoteric knowledge domains that are encoded and communicated through condensed and mystified symbols and reproduced in ceremonies. Shamanic knowledge is acquired through direct experience of the numinous, usually in the process of overcoming personal affliction. Information science so far has been silent on shamanic knowledge. This is understandable given the latter discipline's focus on formal documentary information systems and advanced information technologies. But in …

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Communication, Organizing And Organization: An Overview And Introduction To The Special Issue, Francois Cooren, Timothy Kuhn, Joep P. Cornelissen, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark Sep 2011

Communication, Organizing And Organization: An Overview And Introduction To The Special Issue, Francois Cooren, Timothy Kuhn, Joep P. Cornelissen, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper provides an overview of previous work that has explored the processes and mechanisms by which communication constitutes organizing (as ongoing efforts at coordination and control of activity and knowledge) and organizations (as collective actors that are 'talked' into existence). We highlight differences between existing theories and analyses grounded in communication-as-constitutive (CCO) perspectives and describe six overarching premises for such perspectives; in so doing, we sharpen and bound the explanatory power of CCO perspectives for organization studies more generally. Building on these premises, we develop an agenda for further research, call for greater cross-fertilization between the communication and organization …

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When Does The Socio-Cultural Context Matter? Communal Orientation And Entrepreneurs' Resource Accumulation Efforts In Africa, Jane N. O. Khayesi, Gerard George Sep 2011

When Does The Socio-Cultural Context Matter? Communal Orientation And Entrepreneurs' Resource Accumulation Efforts In Africa, Jane N. O. Khayesi, Gerard George

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We examined the effect of entrepreneurs’communal orientation and social capital on entrepreneurs’ acquisition of resources, and the cost of raising those resources. Using an errors-in-variables estimation in a sample of 242 Ugandan entrepreneurs from Kampala, we find that shared identity is positively associated with the quantity of resources raised by entrepreneurs, whereas shared identity and communal orientation are associated with a higher cost of raising resources. Further, communal orientation positively moderates the relationship between kin composition and the quantity of resources raised; whereas communal orientation negatively moderates the relationship between trust, shared identity, and resources. In contrast, a high communal …

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The Validity And Incremental Validity Of Knowledge Tests, Low-Fidelity Simulations, And High-Fidelity Simulations For Predicting Job Performance In Advanced-Level High-Stakes Selection, Filip Lievens, Fiona Patterson Sep 2011

The Validity And Incremental Validity Of Knowledge Tests, Low-Fidelity Simulations, And High-Fidelity Simulations For Predicting Job Performance In Advanced-Level High-Stakes Selection, Filip Lievens, Fiona Patterson

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In high-stakes selection among candidates with considerable domain-specific knowledge and experience, investigations of whether high-fidelity simulations (assessment centers; ACs) have incremental validity over low-fidelity simulations (situational judgment tests; SJTs) are lacking. Therefore, this article integrates research on the validity of knowledge tests, low-fidelity simulations, and high-fidelity simulations in advanced-level high-stakes settings. A model and hypotheses of how these 3 predictors work in combination to predict job performance were developed. In a sample of 196 applicants, all 3 predictors were significantly related to job performance. Both the SJT and the AC had incremental validity over the knowledge test. Moreover, the AC …

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Designing Pareto-Optimal Selection Systems: Formalizing The Decisions Required For Selection System Development, Wilfried De Corte, Paul R. Sackett, Filip Lievens Sep 2011

Designing Pareto-Optimal Selection Systems: Formalizing The Decisions Required For Selection System Development, Wilfried De Corte, Paul R. Sackett, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The article presents an analytic method for designing Pareto-optimal selection systems where the applicants belong to a mixture of candidate populations. The method is useful in both applied and research settings. In an applied context, the present method is the first to assist the selection practitioner when deciding on 6 major selection design issues: (1) the predictor subset, (2) the selection rule, (3) the selection staging, (4) the predictor sequencing, (5) the predictor weighting, and (6) the stage retention decision issue. From a research perspective, the method offers a unique opportunity for studying the impact and relative importance of different …

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Parental Grief And Loss And The Medical Staff Relationship: A Function Of Attachment, Peter Christopher Gleason Sep 2011

Parental Grief And Loss And The Medical Staff Relationship: A Function Of Attachment, Peter Christopher Gleason

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Each year, too many parents must face the horrific ordeal of having to prepare for the death of their child; thought to be the most traumatic event in the life of an adult (Widger & Picot, 2008). It is in the desperate hours just prior to death that these parents, for many reasons, reach out for support to the medical staff around them. This process, particularly if negative, can leave scars that parents will carry for a lifetime (N. Contro, Larson, Scofield, Sourkes, & Cohen, 2002; Tinsley, et al., 2008). However, there appear to be factors that serve to lessen …

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Family Involvement, Clinician Beliefs And Child Psychiatric Rehospitalization, Sherma J. Charlemagne Sep 2011

Family Involvement, Clinician Beliefs And Child Psychiatric Rehospitalization, Sherma J. Charlemagne

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Psychiatric rehospitalization is estimated to fall between 30% and 50% among children and adolescents and is said to be the result of complex relationships between clinical and non-clinical child, family and service system factors. Psychiatric rehospitalization has been noted as an unfavorable outcome of inpatient treatment because of the associated economic to society and the family and emotional costs to the family and patient. Therefore, several attempts have been made in the relevant literature to identify and understand factors that will reduce the risk of rehospitalization in this population. In the context of parent professional collaboration, clinician beliefs and family …

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Mapping Global Energy Governance, Navroz K. Dubash, Ann Florini Sep 2011

Mapping Global Energy Governance, Navroz K. Dubash, Ann Florini

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The challenges inherent in energy policy form an increasingly large proportion of the great issues of global governance. These energy challenges reflect numerous transnational market or governance failures, and their solutions are likely to require a number of global components that can support or constrain national energy policy. Governing energy globally requires approaches that can simultaneously cope with three realities: the highly fragmented and conflictual nature of the current inter-state system's efforts to govern energy; the diversity of institutions and actors relevant to energy; and the dominance of national processes of energy decision making that are not effectively integrated into …

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Application Of An Agent-Based System As A Virtual Environment For The Formulation Of Policies, Araz Taeihagh, René Bañares-Alcántara, Moshe Givoni Sep 2011

Application Of An Agent-Based System As A Virtual Environment For The Formulation Of Policies, Araz Taeihagh, René Bañares-Alcántara, Moshe Givoni

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The growth in the interdependence and complexity of socio-economic systems requires the development of tools and techniques to aid us in the formulation of better policies. Our efforts focus towards developing methodologies and support tools for better policy design and formulation. In this paper, we focus on the development of an agent-based approach to create a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of different configurations of policy measures in order to build policy packages and test the effects of changes and uncertainties while formulating policies. By developing systematic approaches for the formulation andanalysis of policies it is possible to …

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Influence Of Locus Of Control And Computer Skills On The Use Of Internet Resources By Undergraduate Students In Nigerian Universities, O. O. Adeagbo Sep 2011

Influence Of Locus Of Control And Computer Skills On The Use Of Internet Resources By Undergraduate Students In Nigerian Universities, O. O. Adeagbo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study examined the influence computer skills and locus of control on the utilization of Internet resources by undergraduate students in Nigerian universities. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire. A study sample of 201 students randomly selected from a federal, a state and a private university in Osun State were used for the study. The resulting data were analysed using percentages, tables, Pearson Correlation and t-test analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The result indicated that 98.5% of the undergraduate students use Internet resources. 71.6% use them mostly for educational or academic activities. The general level of computer …

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The Library Is A Growing Organism: Ranganathan's Fifth Law Of Library Science And The Academic Library In The Digital Era, Keren Barner Sep 2011

The Library Is A Growing Organism: Ranganathan's Fifth Law Of Library Science And The Academic Library In The Digital Era, Keren Barner

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This article seeks to explore some possible creative options all aimed for finding unique ways for the academic library to grow in the digital era. The paper use terms and ideas derived from Darwin's theory of evolution but based first and foremost on the philosophical infrastructure phrased by Ranganathan (1931) at his fifth law for library science: the library is a growing organism because those classical theories can give strength and real support to the academic library institution to innovate with a solid framework instead of random actions here and there. It is a conceptual paper based on literature review …

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Mapping Of Indian Science And Technology Output In A National And Global Context, 1997-2007, B. M. Gupta Sep 2011

Mapping Of Indian Science And Technology Output In A National And Global Context, 1997-2007, B. M. Gupta

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study examines India’s performance in S&T based on country publication share in various subjects in the national context and in the global context. It also compares similarities of Indian research profile with top other 19 top productive countries, particularly with China, South Korea, and Brazil. The study uses 11 years publications data in science and technology on India and other top 19 productive countries, drawn from Scopus database covering the period 1997 to 2007. The findings of the study should be of special significance to the planners & policy-makers.

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Records And Archives Legal And Policy Frameworks In Uganda, Constant Okello-Obura Sep 2011

Records And Archives Legal And Policy Frameworks In Uganda, Constant Okello-Obura

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Records and archival materials are the indispensable foundation of the accountability process in any democratic society. Without reliable and authentic documentary evidence underpinning all essential accountability processes, government, civil society and the private sector cannot ensure transparency, guarantee accountability or allow for the exercising of good governance (Schenkelaars and Ahmad 2004). However, the management of these records and archives cannot be practically achieved without proper legislative backings. As noted by Chibambo (2003), a good records management framework consists of information-related laws, policies and programmes, records management standards and practices, and the necessary qualified human resources to implement and manage the …

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Use Of Web 2.0 And Its Implications For Libraries: Perceptions Of Information Professionals In Pakistan, Ata Ur Rehman, Farzana Shafique Sep 2011

Use Of Web 2.0 And Its Implications For Libraries: Perceptions Of Information Professionals In Pakistan, Ata Ur Rehman, Farzana Shafique

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The purpose of this study is to assess the use of Web 2.0 applications among information professionals in Pakistan and their perceptions about the potential use of Web 2.0 applications for designing and delivering library services. Triangular method of research has been used for this study. It is based on primary data gathered through an online survey. An online questionnaire was designed and the link was e-mailed on the three professional discussion groups/LISTSERVS (i.e. PakLAG, LibCoop and LibrarianWelfare). Initially a pilot survey was also conducted to test the validity of the tool. During the specified time more than 100 library …

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Assessment Of Information Literacy Skills Among Science Students Of Andhra University, C. Sasikala, V. Dhanraju Sep 2011

Assessment Of Information Literacy Skills Among Science Students Of Andhra University, C. Sasikala, V. Dhanraju

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Information literacy (IL) plays a prominent role in the knowledge based society; especially effective use of IT based services and collaborative learning in the various levels of the educational system. This paper presents the findings of a survey on the level of information skills among the students of higher education. The scope of the study covers various aspects like awareness about the use of library resources, both print and electronic; knowledge about various sources of information including Internet; familiarity with and use of information communication technologies and copyright and fair use of information, etc.

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Ngo Outreach To Priority Refugee Population Demographics In Cairo, Joelle Petrus Sep 2011

Ngo Outreach To Priority Refugee Population Demographics In Cairo, Joelle Petrus

Theses and Dissertations

Cairo is considered to have among the highest populations of refugees in an urban setting in the world. This urban setting presents a unique set of challenges particularly when delivering services and programs to a population with heightened vulnerability who are not easy to locate within the greater population of Cairo. In this context it is of great utility to strengthen outreach programs whose aim is to strengthen the connection between service receiver (refugees) and the service provider (the organization.) Another challenge to delivering services and programs to refugees is the greater diversity or heterogeneity of the population itself. However, …

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The Structure Of Client Language And Drinking Outcomes In Project Match, Tim Martin, Paulette J. Christopher, Jon M. Houck, Theresa B. Moyers Sep 2011

The Structure Of Client Language And Drinking Outcomes In Project Match, Tim Martin, Paulette J. Christopher, Jon M. Houck, Theresa B. Moyers

Faculty Articles

Client language during Motivational Interviewing interventions is an important predictor of drinking outcomes, but there are inconsistencies in the literature regarding what aspects of client language are most predictive. We characterized the structure of client language by factor analyzing frequency counts of several categories of client speech. The results provide limited support for a model proposed by Miller et al. (2006) and Amrhein et al. (2003) but with some important differences. While Amrhein et al. (2003) found that only increasing strength in client commitment language predicted behavior change, the current study revealed that client language preparatory to commitment predicted drinking …

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The Wto Trade Effect, Pao Li Chang, Myoung-Jae Lee Sep 2011

The Wto Trade Effect, Pao Li Chang, Myoung-Jae Lee

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper re-examines the GATT/WTO membership effect on bilateral trade flows, using nonparametric methods including pair-matching, permutation tests, and a Rosenbaum (2002) sensitivity analysis. Together, these methods provide an estimation framework that is robust to misspecification bias, allows general forms of heterogeneous membership effects, and addresses potential hidden selection bias. This is in contrast to most conventional parametric studies on this issue. Our results suggest large GATT/WTO trade-promoting effects that are robust to various restricted matching criteria, alternative GATT/WTO indicators, non-random incidence of positive trade flows, inclusion of multilateral resistance terms, and different matching methodologies.

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Effects Of Cultural Ethnicity, Firm Size, And Firm Age On Senior Executives’ Trust In Their Overseas Business Partners: Evidence From China, Crystal X. Jiang, Roy Y. J. Chua, Masaaki Kotabe, Janet Y. Murray Sep 2011

Effects Of Cultural Ethnicity, Firm Size, And Firm Age On Senior Executives’ Trust In Their Overseas Business Partners: Evidence From China, Crystal X. Jiang, Roy Y. J. Chua, Masaaki Kotabe, Janet Y. Murray

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We investigate trust relationships between senior business executives and their overseas partners. Drawing on the similarity-attraction paradigm, social categorization theory, and the distinction between cognition- and affect-based trust, we argue that executives trust their overseas partners differently, depending on the partners’ cultural ethnicity. In a field survey of 108 Chinese senior executives, we found that these executives have higher affect-based trust in overseas partners of the same cultural ethnicity as themselves; cognition-based trust is associated with affect-based trust differently when overseas partners are of the same or different cultural ethnicity. We also examine the role of relative firm size and …

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Money, Bargaining, And Risk Sharing, Nicolas L. Jacquet, Serene Tan Sep 2011

Money, Bargaining, And Risk Sharing, Nicolas L. Jacquet, Serene Tan

Research Collection School Of Economics

We investigate the dual role of money as a self-insurance device and a means of payment when perfect risk sharing is not possible, and when the two roles of money are disentangled. We use a variant of Lagos–Wright (2005) where agents face a risk in the centralized market (CM): in the decentralized market (DM) money’s main role is as a means of payment, while in the CM it is as a self-insurance device. We show that state-contingent inflation rates can improve agents’ ability to self-insure in the CM, thereby improving the terms of trade in the DM. We then characterize …

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Continuity Of Operations/Continuity Of Government For State-Level Transportation Organizations, Research Report 11-02, Frances Edwards, Daniel C. Goodrich Sep 2011

Continuity Of Operations/Continuity Of Government For State-Level Transportation Organizations, Research Report 11-02, Frances Edwards, Daniel C. Goodrich

Mineta Transportation Institute

The Homeland Security Presidential Directive 20 (HSPD-20) requires all local, state, tribal and territorial government agencies, and private sector owners of critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) to create a Continuity of Operations/Continuity of Government Plan (COOP/COG). There is planning and training guidance for generic transportation agency COOP/COG work, and the Transportation Research Board has offered guidance for transportation organizations. However, the special concerns of the state-level transportation agency’s (State DOT’s) plan development are not included, notably the responsibilities for the entire State Highway System and the responsibility to support specific essential functions related to the State DOT Director’s role …

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Wellness Lessons From Transportation Companies, Research Report Wp 11-01, Asbjorn Osland, Nanette C. Clinch, Lauren Ramsay, Pamela Wells Sep 2011

Wellness Lessons From Transportation Companies, Research Report Wp 11-01, Asbjorn Osland, Nanette C. Clinch, Lauren Ramsay, Pamela Wells

Mineta Transportation Institute

The purpose of this report is to describe wellness programs and offer two suggestions for improving how they are delivered to commercial drivers and operators. It is not a large sample empirical study from which generalizations can be made. Rather, the Mineta Transportation Institute commissioned brief case studies of transportation companies to show what several organizations have done. Stress, nicotine use, sleep apnea, obesity and lack of information are significant barriers to wellness in commercial drivers/operators. Many wellness programs ask the individual driver/operator to lose weight; exercise more; and monitor blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol and other such indicators of health. …

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Eleventh Annual Garrett Morgan Sustainable Transportation Symposium, Mti Report S-11-01, Mineta Transportation Institute Sep 2011

Eleventh Annual Garrett Morgan Sustainable Transportation Symposium, Mti Report S-11-01, Mineta Transportation Institute

Mineta Transportation Institute

On March 30, 2011, the Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) continued its support of the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Garrett A. Morgan Technology and Transportation Futures Program by conducting the Eleventh National Garrett Morgan Symposium and Videoconference on Sustainable Transportation. The ongoing mission of this national videoconference is to stimulate the minds of young people, and to encourage them to pursue challenging academic programs, including mathematics and science—an education course that will prepare today’s students for tomorrow’s challenging transportation careers. Participating school were: Juan Crespi Middle School, El Sobrante CA; Monument Middle School, Rio Dell CA; Morada Middle School, Stockton, CA; …

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Embodied Cultural Cognition: Situating The Study Of Embodied Cognition In Socio-Cultural Contexts, Angela K. Y. Leung, Lin Qiu, Lay See Ong, Kim-Pong Tam Sep 2011

Embodied Cultural Cognition: Situating The Study Of Embodied Cognition In Socio-Cultural Contexts, Angela K. Y. Leung, Lin Qiu, Lay See Ong, Kim-Pong Tam

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Embodiment research has demonstrated that cognition is grounded in bodily interactions with the environment and that abstract concepts are tied to the body’s sensory and motor systems. Building upon this embodiment perspective and advancing our understanding, we discuss the extension of embodied cultural cognition. We propose that some associations between bodily experiences and abstract concepts are not randomly formed; rather, the development of such associations is situated in a socio-cultural context, informed by cultural imperatives, values, and habits. We draw evidence supporting this view of embodied cultural cognition in body–mind linkages manifested in construal of emotions, time perception, person perception, …

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Globalization, Modernity, And Migration: The Changing Visage Of Social Imagination, Darlene Machell Espena Sep 2011

Globalization, Modernity, And Migration: The Changing Visage Of Social Imagination, Darlene Machell Espena

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

In this article, I assert that the recent phenomenon of migration is one apparent and fundamental process that shapes human communities, transforming cultural variation, and distorts the constructs of distance and space. The boundaries of nation-states and identities are constantly being challenged, restructured and interrogated and the trends of modernity and globalization, new ways of projecting feelings and diffusing cultures among displaced communities are produced. The article looks for the new stories that are produced with this vibrant intersection of globalization, modernity and migration. In particular, I focus on the distinct Sikh migrant community in the Philippines: how they have …

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The International Energy Agency In Global Energy Governance, Ann Florini Sep 2011

The International Energy Agency In Global Energy Governance, Ann Florini

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is the organization that, despite its constrained membership, is as close as the world currently comes to a global focal point on the key energy governance arenas. Although when the IEA was established in the 1970s it had the specific and limited purpose of enabling the world's leading oil consumers to undertake collective action in response to oil supply shocks, it now finds itself at the center of many of the key developments in global energy governance. Its evolution and current challenges reflect the key themes of this special issue: the competition between state and …

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Visiting 'Home': Contacts With The Homeland, Self-Reflexivity And Emergent Migrant Bilingual Identities, Alan Williams, Charlotte Setijadi Sep 2011

Visiting 'Home': Contacts With The Homeland, Self-Reflexivity And Emergent Migrant Bilingual Identities, Alan Williams, Charlotte Setijadi

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

There has been increasing interest recently in the way that additional language learners' identities are affected and changed by their experiences in developing proficiency in another language. In the case of migrants, this is also affected by familiarity with their new country and language, and their transition into life in a new social and cultural environment. National and linguistic elements of identity are only part of people's multifaceted identities. However, these are of particular significance for language teachers and central to identity shifts involved in language acquisition and settlement in a new country. We present data from two adult EAL …

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Flyer, Workplace Flexibility 2010, Georgetown University Law Center Aug 2011

Flyer, Workplace Flexibility 2010, Georgetown University Law Center

Briefings, Hearings, and Congressional Study Group

The flyer of the Meeting the Needs of Today’s Families: The Role of Workplace Flexibility event held May 1, 2006.

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Resources For Workplace Flexibility, Families And Child Development, Workplace Flexibility 2010, Georgetown University Law Center Aug 2011

Resources For Workplace Flexibility, Families And Child Development, Workplace Flexibility 2010, Georgetown University Law Center

Briefings, Hearings, and Congressional Study Group

A list of resources for Workplace Flexibility, Families and Child Development.

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Promoting Children's Well Being: The Need For Workplace Flexibility, Workplace Flexibility 2010, Georgetown University Law Center Aug 2011

Promoting Children's Well Being: The Need For Workplace Flexibility, Workplace Flexibility 2010, Georgetown University Law Center

Briefings, Hearings, and Congressional Study Group

A Workplace Flexibility 2010 Fact Sheet: Promoting Children's Well Being: The Need for Workplace Flexibility, from the event held September 29, 2006.

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