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2011

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Articles 10861 - 10890 of 13783

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Motivations For Involvement : An Empirical Test Of Parents Of Students With Disabilities, Callen Emily Fishman Jan 2011

Motivations For Involvement : An Empirical Test Of Parents Of Students With Disabilities, Callen Emily Fishman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Parents of students in special education have greater barriers to parent involvement than parents of students in general education. Little is known, however, about the factors that facilitate or impede involvement practices for this group. This study investigated the extent to which the motivational factors from Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler's (2005) Model of Parent Involvement (i.e., Parent Role Activity Beliefs, Parent Efficacy, General School Invitations, Specific Teacher Invitation, Specific Child Invitations, Perceived Knowledge and Skills, and Perceived Time and Energy) predicted the Home-Based, School-Based, and Special Education Involvement of 177 parents of students in special education. Family structure, race/ethnicity, family socioeconomic …

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Examination Of The Interaction Of Drinking Motives And Personality On Alcohol Use And Alcohol-Related Problems Among College Students, Jessica Lynn Martin Jan 2011

Examination Of The Interaction Of Drinking Motives And Personality On Alcohol Use And Alcohol-Related Problems Among College Students, Jessica Lynn Martin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Approximately 55% of U.S. college students report binge drinking at least once in the previous two weeks (Core Institute, 2006). Students who engage in binge drinking are more likely to experience academic, social and legal problems as a result of their drinking (e.g., Wechsler et al., 2002). It is important for researchers to investigate factors associated with alcohol use and related problems so that prevention and intervention efforts can be targeted toward those students most at-risk for heavy consumption and alcohol-related problems.

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Site Identification, Delineation, And Evaluation Through Quantitative Spatial Analysis : Geostatistical And Gis Methods To Facilitate Archaeological Resource Assessment, James Scott Cardinal Jan 2011

Site Identification, Delineation, And Evaluation Through Quantitative Spatial Analysis : Geostatistical And Gis Methods To Facilitate Archaeological Resource Assessment, James Scott Cardinal

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This thesis presents a brief overview of quantitative spatial analysis in archaeology with a discussion of the theoretical and methodological issues involved, and describes a set of methods for using Geographic Information System (GIS) software and spatial statistics for the assessment of archaeological resources. GIS has become a nearly ubiquitous and indispensable tool in many fields of resource management including archaeology. It is, however, applied by archaeologists most frequently for basic cartographic representations, large-scale regional analyses, or resource management data warehousing. Such applications underutilize the scale-independence of GIS, which is equally potent for intra-project data assessment. This thesis describes a …

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Breaking The Iron Law : Robert Michels, The Rise Of The Mass Party, And The Debate Over Democracy And Oligarchy, Peter Albert Lavenia, Jr. Jan 2011

Breaking The Iron Law : Robert Michels, The Rise Of The Mass Party, And The Debate Over Democracy And Oligarchy, Peter Albert Lavenia, Jr.

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This is a reexamination of Robert Michels' work Political Parties: A Sociological Study Of The Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy and its place in the debate over the rise and role of the mass political party in democracy and democratic thought. It examines Michels' involvement with the German Social Democratic Party and the syndicalist faction around Georges Sorel's Le Mouvement Socialist, as well as his friendship with Max Weber, and his experiences with socialist electoral politics that led him to write Political Parties and explore the nature of political parties and the tension between democracy and oligarchy within them. Time …

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Black College Students' Perceptions Of Occupational Self-Efficacy And Barriers For Racially/Ethnically Traditional And Nontraditional Majors, Justin T. Gibson Jan 2011

Black College Students' Perceptions Of Occupational Self-Efficacy And Barriers For Racially/Ethnically Traditional And Nontraditional Majors, Justin T. Gibson

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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Armed Off-Duty Police : Benefit Or Burden?, Theresa C. Tobin Jan 2011

Armed Off-Duty Police : Benefit Or Burden?, Theresa C. Tobin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study examines the NYPD's Carry Policy; a policy allowing officers to be armed while off duty and informally in place for over 100 years and officially sanctioned since the 1940s. It was altered for the first time in 1981 and this research has analyzed ten sources of data during two recent decades (1990-1994 and 2000-2004). This

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Adult Grandchildren Providing Care To Frail Elderly Grandparents, Tamara Lynn Smith Jan 2011

Adult Grandchildren Providing Care To Frail Elderly Grandparents, Tamara Lynn Smith

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A larger proportion of adult grandchildren today have grandparents still alive than in any previous historical era. An older grandchild implies an older grandparent -- and, as chronic illnesses increase with age, these grandparents are likely to be ill. Little attention has been given to the dynamics of the grandchild-grandparent relationship in the face of illness of the grandparent, although demographic shifts indicate that most grandchildren and their grandparents will share a period of time during which the grandparent is suffering from a chronic illness. This dissertation examines adult grandchildren who provide regular assistance to a grandparent with health limitations. …

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Assessing Teacher And Parent Support As Moderators In The Relationship Between Black High School Students' Academic Achievement And Socioeconomic Status, Natasha Little-Harrison Jan 2011

Assessing Teacher And Parent Support As Moderators In The Relationship Between Black High School Students' Academic Achievement And Socioeconomic Status, Natasha Little-Harrison

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACT

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Using The Unmatched Count Technique To Increase The Accuracy Of Base Rate Estimates Of Psychosocial Problems In Returning Active Duty Service Members, Sean C. Sheppard Jan 2011

Using The Unmatched Count Technique To Increase The Accuracy Of Base Rate Estimates Of Psychosocial Problems In Returning Active Duty Service Members, Sean C. Sheppard

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan represent the most extensive conflicts since the Vietnam War, and a large body of research has focused on identifying base rates of PTSD, depression, and alcohol abuse and related behaviors in returning service members.

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Taking On The Perspective Of The Other : Understanding Parents' And Teachers' Perceptions Of Parent Involvement In Students' Educational Experiences, Rene Michele Wilson Jan 2011

Taking On The Perspective Of The Other : Understanding Parents' And Teachers' Perceptions Of Parent Involvement In Students' Educational Experiences, Rene Michele Wilson

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Parent involvement is considered a vital educational factor that is associated with students' academic success. Engaging parents in the educational process is a challenge confronting many school districts across the United States. This is a significant problem for schools in low socioeconomic communities where lack of resources for parents and teachers creates barriers to involvement initiatives.

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Essays On Applications Of Behavioral Decision Making In Public Management And Policy, Navid Ghaffarzadegan Jan 2011

Essays On Applications Of Behavioral Decision Making In Public Management And Policy, Navid Ghaffarzadegan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This is a three-essay dissertation on examination of behavioral decision making phenomena in the contexts of public management and policy analysis. I study how policymakers, government employees, and citizens behave, make decisions and learn from decision outcomes. I move toward prescriptive analysis and offer solutions that can improve government performance.

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Self-Regulatory Decisions As A Function Of Goal-Performance Discrepancy And Self-Efficacy : A Time To Revise And A Time To Exert, Levi Alexander Boren Jan 2011

Self-Regulatory Decisions As A Function Of Goal-Performance Discrepancy And Self-Efficacy : A Time To Revise And A Time To Exert, Levi Alexander Boren

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The present research proposed that self-regulatory decisions, goal revision and resource allocation are primarily a function of performance discrepancy and self-efficacy. Further, it was proposed that in multiple-goal environments, allocation decisions would be a function of the motivational variables related to concurrent goals. Two studies were conducted, one in the laboratory and the other in a field setting to test hypotheses related to these propositions. Findings from both studies demonstrated that the performance discrepancy X self-efficacy interaction is a key determinant of self-regulatory decisions. In multiple goal environments, relative measures of self-efficacy, performance-discrepancy, and goal commitment were predictive whereas absolute …

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Development And Validation Of An Assessment For Longitudinal Symptom Fluctuation In The Eating Disorders And The Relationship Between Motivation To Change And Naturalistic Fluctuations In Body Weight And Eating Disorder Symptom Frequencies, Kyle Patrick De Young Jan 2011

Development And Validation Of An Assessment For Longitudinal Symptom Fluctuation In The Eating Disorders And The Relationship Between Motivation To Change And Naturalistic Fluctuations In Body Weight And Eating Disorder Symptom Frequencies, Kyle Patrick De Young

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The frequencies of behavioral symptoms of eating disorders (e.g., binge eating and purging) are highly variable across and within individuals. The presence and severity of these symptoms define both diagnostic boundaries and outcome states, but validated tools to retrospectively assess symptom frequencies that capture variability at the week-level do not exist. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of an assessment designed for this purpose in a mixed eating disorder sample of 113 individuals recruited from the community who provided symptom frequency data once weekly for 12 weeks and completed the Interactive, Graphical Assessment Tool for Eating Disorders (IGAT-ED) on …

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Testing The Influence Of Counselors' Self-Disclosure In Career Counseling : Does The Content Of The Disclosure Matter?, Kerrin A. Sendrowitz Jan 2011

Testing The Influence Of Counselors' Self-Disclosure In Career Counseling : Does The Content Of The Disclosure Matter?, Kerrin A. Sendrowitz

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which counselor self-disclosure influenced the process and outcome of career counseling. The investigation was a one-session field intervention that used an experimental between-groups design, in which clients were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) coping-mastery self-disclosure: the career counselor disclosed having personally experienced a similar career-related challenge and described how he or she overcame that challenge, (2) similarity self-disclosure: the career counselor disclosed having personally experienced a similar career-related challenge, without describing how he or she overcame the challenge, and (3) no self-disclosure. The dependent variables were …

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Business As Usual : The Nonprofit Sector In The U.S. National Elite Network, Scott Vincent Dolan Jan 2011

Business As Usual : The Nonprofit Sector In The U.S. National Elite Network, Scott Vincent Dolan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Research on the structure and distribution of power in the United States has focused mostly on the relative power of business, and has largely neglected the nonprofit sector. This is despite evidence that points to the emergence and growth of large-scale, bureaucratic, and elite-led nonprofit organizations. When the political role of the nonprofit sector has been examined, it has come predominantly from two sets of literature: the civic engagement/social capital tradition or the interest group tradition. I argue that both sets of literature, however, start with faulty assumptions about the nature of power and politics, and thereby fail to situate …

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The Evaluation Of A Parent-Implemented Behavioral Intervention For The Treatment Of Food Selectivity And Mealtime Behavior Problems In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Suzanne Michelle Milnes Jan 2011

The Evaluation Of A Parent-Implemented Behavioral Intervention For The Treatment Of Food Selectivity And Mealtime Behavior Problems In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Suzanne Michelle Milnes

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of the current study was to extend and replicate the procedures used by Gentry and Luiselli (2008) and evaluate whether their parent-implemented treatment package was effective in increasing food acceptance in children with an autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, this study evaluated whether food acceptance generalized to foods and mealtimes not targeted during intervention. A secondary purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of the same treatment package on each child's inappropriate mealtime behavior. Parents conducted all sessions in a naturalistic setting (i.e., the home) and parent training took place via a consultative model. The primary …

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Emotion And Self-Control : Self-Control Limits Emotional Extremes, Rebekah L. Layton Jan 2011

Emotion And Self-Control : Self-Control Limits Emotional Extremes, Rebekah L. Layton

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

One function of self-control is to inhibit inappropriate expressions of emotions to facilitate interpersonal interactions; however, self-control may predispose one to over generalize limitations of one's emotional response rather than solely in contexts in which emotional regulation is needed. The current study examined the effects of trait self-control on emotional fluctuations and emotional intensity to determine whether high self-control may be associated with diminished emotional experience. Undergraduate students (N = 298) participated in three experiments designed to evaluate the impact of self-control on emotional experience, as measured by self-report questionnaire and responses to emotionally evocative video clips using a continuous …

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Child Soldiers, Armed Conflicts, And Tactical Innovations, Robert Tynes Jan 2011

Child Soldiers, Armed Conflicts, And Tactical Innovations, Robert Tynes

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Most armed conflicts in the late 20th and early 21st century involve the use of child soldiers. Children have been used in wars before the modern era, but this study argues that a shift has occurred in contemporary conflicts. Child soldier use has become a tactical innovation. Fighting factions utilize children as soldiers in order to gain an advantage on the battlefield. Several different analytical approaches are used in order to test the argument. First, a large-N regression analysis (1987-2007) reveals that depending on the dyadic relationship between government and opposition forces, intensity of war, military expenditures per GDP, political …

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Disordered Eating And Negative Evaluation Anxiety As Canditates For The Extreme Female Brain Type, Jennifer Ann Bremser Jan 2011

Disordered Eating And Negative Evaluation Anxiety As Canditates For The Extreme Female Brain Type, Jennifer Ann Bremser

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Baron-Cohen proposed an inclusive theory of individual differences in cognitive style by creating a taxonomy of brain types that is based on the distinction between empathizing and systemizing. More males, than females, use a `systemizing' cognitive style whereas more females than males use an empathetic cognitive style. Further, he posited that a small percentage of individuals will manifest the pathological "extremes" of sexually differentiated brain-types. In support this theory, people with autism have superior systemizing skills with deficits in empathizing. While Baron-Cohen (2003) also proposed the existence of an `extreme female brain', he did not specify the form it would …

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The Architecture Of Multitasking : Expanding A Structural Model, Eugene J. Trombini Jan 2011

The Architecture Of Multitasking : Expanding A Structural Model, Eugene J. Trombini

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The aim of this study was to create and validate a structural model of multitasking performance based on the characteristics of multitasking situations outlined by Delbridge (2000). A model is put forth suggesting that the observed relationships between multitasking performance and other variables is determined partly by the prominence of three structural characteristics of multitasking situations (time urgency, task switching, and uncertainty). The observed relationships between multitasking performance and other variables is explained in terms of perceived stress. Specifically, it was hypothesized that an individual's standing on certain variables would be associated with better management of the stress that stems …

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Creating Meaning In Engagement : Gender, Heterosexuality, And Commitment To Marriage, Erica Hunter Jan 2011

Creating Meaning In Engagement : Gender, Heterosexuality, And Commitment To Marriage, Erica Hunter

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation examines how heterosexual couples use engagement to create meaning in their intimate relationships. In-depth interviews with 44 men and women who identified as engaged to be married uncovered three pathways through which couples construct meanings of commitment to marriage within their partnerships. Neotraditional couples view marriage as a ritual tied to adult life and family planning. Promisemaker couples use engagement as a way of creating commitment to the partnership. Nestbuilder couples enact engagement because they viewed marriage as a natural step for long term commitments. Frameworks of gender, heteronormativity, and the ambiguity of courtship norms in post-dating culture …

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The Role Of Androstane Neurosteroids In Alcohol-Mediated Social Behavior, Jason J. Paris Jan 2011

The Role Of Androstane Neurosteroids In Alcohol-Mediated Social Behavior, Jason J. Paris

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Androgenic steroids, such as testosterone, may influence the propensity for aggression in both people and animals. Some of testosterone's effects on aggression may be due, in part, to its metabolic products that are 5á-reduced and 3á-hydroxylated to form, 3á-androstanediol (3á-diol), which can also enhance aggression in mice. Notably, alcohol (EtOH) consumption facilitates aggression in people and animals, particularly among those predisposed to act aggressively. In rats, EtOH can increase 3á-diol in prefrontal cortex, which may facilitate aggression. The present work aimed to elucidate the role of 3á-diol for EtOH-enhanced aggression. We hypothesized that EtOH would enhance inter-male aggression, social dominance, …

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Context Dependent Pitch Perception In Consonant And Dissonant Harmonic Intervals, George Albert Seror Jan 2011

Context Dependent Pitch Perception In Consonant And Dissonant Harmonic Intervals, George Albert Seror

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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Career Role Models Of Heterosexual And Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual College Students, Michelle M. Morrow Jan 2011

Career Role Models Of Heterosexual And Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual College Students, Michelle M. Morrow

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The lack of role models has been cited as a barrier in the career development of sexual minority individuals (Fassinger, 1996; Fassinger, 2008). Despite the theoretical arguments about the importance of gay, lesbian and bisexual role models for sexual minority individuals there is a paucity of empirical literature examining this topic. In one such study, Nauta, Saucier, and Woodard (2001) found that sexual minority individuals reported a higher number of role models than their heterosexual peers, but significantly less support and guidance when making academic and career decisions. Additionally, they found that sexual minority individuals sought role models who were …

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Stakeholder, Organizational And Environmental Influences On Nursing Home Regulatory Enforcement : A New Perspective, Tamika R. Black Jan 2011

Stakeholder, Organizational And Environmental Influences On Nursing Home Regulatory Enforcement : A New Perspective, Tamika R. Black

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation proposes a conceptual framework that integrates stakeholder and compliance theory and employs a multi-method approach to examine the influence of stakeholders, bureaucratic discretion and external environment on nursing home inspections and enforcement. Negative binomial regression analysis was conducted on a population of 655 nursing homes in New York to identify determinants of variation in compliance and enforcement (as measured by deficiency citations). As hypothesized, organizational characteristics (i.e., nursing home bed capacity, sponsorship, occupancy rates and Medicaid revenue) were significant predictors of regulatory compliance and quality of care. Nursing home complaints, the presence of family councils, political party of …

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The Effects Of Racial Discrimination, Ethnic Identity, And Generational Status On Situation Well-Being Of Asian Americans, Li-Ling Lin Jan 2011

The Effects Of Racial Discrimination, Ethnic Identity, And Generational Status On Situation Well-Being Of Asian Americans, Li-Ling Lin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A randomized three-group, experimental online study was conducted to investigate the degree to which ethnic identity and generational status moderated the relationship between racial discrimination and situational well-being in a sample of Asian Americans. Replicating and extending Yoo and Lee's (2008) study, the current sample of 194 Asian American participants were randomly assigned to one of three vignettes: without racial discrimination (control group), a single incident of racial discrimination, or multiple incidents of racial discrimination. Results indicated that participants in the two experimental conditions reported more negative affect than participants in the control group, and participants in the multiple incidents …

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Predicting Teachers' Awareness Of And Interventions In Classroom Episodes Of Gender-Based Bullying : Individual And Systems Factors, Evan David Slater Jan 2011

Predicting Teachers' Awareness Of And Interventions In Classroom Episodes Of Gender-Based Bullying : Individual And Systems Factors, Evan David Slater

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Gender-based bullying (GBB) includes threatening behaviors based on gender/gender-role expectations, verbal/physical harassment, unwanted sexual attention and coercion, insults, intimidation, and assaults based on sexual orientation. In this study, 342 teachers completed an online survey to identify which variables predicted their rates of witnessing and intervening in GBB. Individual variables included teacher rates of homophobia and heterosexism. Systems variables included teachers' fear of angry backlash for reporting GBB, the comprehensiveness of districts' safe school policies (SSP), the timeliness of districts' responses to reports of GBB, and the consistency of administrative responses. Also included were the number of district trainings concerning their …

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Sex-Typical Body Shape, Quality Indicators And Behaviors, Kyungok Sim Jan 2011

Sex-Typical Body Shape, Quality Indicators And Behaviors, Kyungok Sim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

According to evolutionary theory, sex-typical body shapes (a man's muscular physique and a woman's hourglass figure) are an outcome of evolutionary adaptation in reproductive fitness because they convey information about gene quality, health and fertility, which are important elements for mate selection. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sex-typical body shape predicts individual variation in morphological traits that signal quality [fluctuating asymmetry (FA), hand grip strength (HGS), digit ratios (2D:4D) and leg-to-torso ratio (LTR)] and in psychological masculinity/femininity and the role of these in reproductive fitness. The results revealed that a man's masculine body shape predicted low …

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Examining Outcomes When Volunteer Skill Sets Are Matched To Specific Volunteer Opportunities : A Study Of Volunteering Among Older Adults In South Korea, Jihyun Park Jan 2011

Examining Outcomes When Volunteer Skill Sets Are Matched To Specific Volunteer Opportunities : A Study Of Volunteering Among Older Adults In South Korea, Jihyun Park

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The older volunteers have unique characteristics and are vastly different from previous generations (Einolf, 2008; The Urban Institute, 2007). They have overlooked and undervalued skills that agencies can tap for service to their community. Volunteer agency should develop strategy to managing the match between skills and volunteering. An efficient matching system will use vast skills accumulated through volunteer's history of employment. The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether planned "matching" of an older volunteer with an agency-based on the volunteer skill set results in greater volunteer satisfaction, commitment and role identity than when placement occurs without consideration of …

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Encounters With The Outcast : The Ethical Relation In Wordsworth And Lacan, Heewon Kang Jan 2011

Encounters With The Outcast : The Ethical Relation In Wordsworth And Lacan, Heewon Kang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation examines the ethical importance of the moments in William Wordsworth's poetry when language verges on silence or presents experience as finally unintelligible, and explores the ethical dimension of outcast figures intimately connected with the problem of this void in signification, on the basis of Jacques Lacan's insights concerning psychoanalytic ethics. The question that orients the examination of the ethical issues embodied in Wordsworth's poetry is how one should encounter or represent the outcast figure as a rupture in meaning. And the ethics of subjectivity which Lacan explores in terms of his theories of the gaze, feminine jouissance, and …

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